Protecting India's Coastline: Odisha

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STORY HIGHLIGHTS

  • Odisha’s Chilka Lake is one of India’s hotspots of biodiversity, including the rare Irrawady dolphin.
  • The turtles are at risk from uncontrolled mechanized fishing in prohibited areas, the non-use of turtle excluder devices, and insensitive tourism.
  • On two stretches of coastline, the project is seeking to plant mangroves, protect sea turtles, and pilot shoreline protection.

Odisha’s Chilka Lake is one of India ’s hotspots of biodiversity and one of the largest brackish water lakes in the world. The lake is home to the rare Irrawady dolphin. The Bhitarkanika wetlands contain the second-largest mangrove ecosystem in Asia. Both these areas are also home to large vulnerable populations dependent on coastal resources. A range of port development activities are also under way.

Every year, hundreds of thousands of endangered Olive Ridley sea turtles come to nest on some of Odisha’s beaches. The turtles are, however, at risk from uncontrolled mechanized fishing in prohibited areas, the non-use of turtle excluder devices, and insensitive tourism. In addition, their mass nesting site on the Gahirmatha coast has been gradually shifting northward over the last 20 years due to coastal erosion.

Parts of the mangroves have been reclaimed for cultivation, fuelwood, and timber, as well as for large-scale shrimp farming. And Bhitarkanika’s delicate ecosystem is facing a major threat from the alteration of freshwater inflows due to construction of hydrological structures upstream.

Odisha’s coast is subject to extreme tidal variations. Sea levels have been known to rise by about 4 meters in certain stretches, inundating up to 3 km of coastal land. In addition, frequent cyclones cause heavy losses to agriculture and fisheries, while dislocating life for a large number of poor farmers and fishermen. The coast is also subject to a strong littoral drift, causing an estimated 1.5 million tons of sand to move from the southwest to the northeast in a year.

While the area faces little industrial pollution, the untreated/semi-treated sewage from coastal settlements and effluents from fertilizer plants and industries at Paradip port need to be checked.

Project activities

The  Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project is working on two stretches of coastline: Gopalpur-Chilka and Paradip-Dhamra. In these areas, the project is seeking to plant mangroves and other shelterbelt species, protect the Olive Ridley sea turtles and other aquatic life, and pilot shoreline protection in the village of Pentha. Communities are being trained to plant mangrove nurseries and given incentives to protect them. A gene bank of mangrove species has been established and some 200 hectares have already been planted.

To conserve the turtles, awareness is being raised among local people, and tourists are being sensitized.  Community members are being trained and armed to function as boatmen and guards to prevent poaching of these vulnerable creatures, especially during their nesting season. To protect turtle nesting habitats, the project is also seeking to complete the solid waste management system for the coastal town of Paradip.

On the periphery of Chilka Lake and the Gahirmatha Wildlife Sanctuary, the project is seeking to improve the livelihoods of resource-dependent communities, including fisherfolk impacted by the ban on fishing during the Olive Ridley breeding season. Carefully planned, small-scale community-based tourism is being developed. Local communities are being trained to get jobs as boatmen, guides, and dolphin spotters. About 400,000 people from 235 coastal villages are expected to benefit through these measures. 

To protect endangered species, motor boat traffic around the Chilka Lake is being regulated. The region’s 3000-plus fishing and tourist boats are being converted into eco-friendly vessels that no longer rely on diesel or other fossil fuels to run them. For the first time in Asia, real-time monitoring and management of lake waters is being undertaken. All fishing around the area is to be certified by the Marine Stewardship Council. Moreover, a wetlands research center is being established to expand knowledge about the area’s fish species, the Irrawady dolphin, and migratory bird habitats.

The ICZM project is further augmenting conservation efforts under the world’s first program to protect the estuarine crocodile. The already successful program has increased crocodile numbers in the area from eight in 1975 to more than 1,600 today.

  • Protecting India's Coastline
  • Protecting India's Coastline: Gujarat
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Mathematics, health & fitness, business & finance, technology & engineering, food & beverage, random knowledge, see full index, odisha case study - management flashcards preview, - coastal systems; case studies - geog a level > odisha case study - management > flashcards.

What has Odisha recently developed?

Integrated Coastal Zone Management.

What does the ICZM aim to do?

Establish sustainable economic and social activity. Resolve challenges and conflict. Protect coastal environment.

What stakeholders does the ICZM involve?

Water Resource Department. Greenspace India. Odisha Tourism Development Corporation.

Name 3 issues which have been identified?

Coastal erosion and processes. Vulnerability to disaster - cyclones. Pollution and environmental quality management. Biodiversity Conservation.

A wide range of public consultations have been held within villages on what topics?

Assessment and control of coastal erosion. Development of ecotourism. PLANTING/REPLANTING MANGROVES - MAIN.

What is good about A wide range of public consultations being held within villages?

It is sustainable and long term.

How is the Mahanadi Delta being managed?

Important ecological zone - habitats. Loss of mangroves due tp development of fisheries. Wetlands International, Indian Government and ICZM help villagers to plant mangroves - sustainable.

How do mangroves provide resilience?

Provide protection against strong winds, floods, tsunamis - reducing destructive force by 90% and costal erosion.

Give evidence of increased resilience?

1999 10,000 people killed in a tropical cyclone.

2013 only 44 people killed in a tropical cyclone.

How did people in Odisha mitigate their problems?

Improved warnings. Evacuation. Shelter.

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Beach Management Tools - Concepts, Methodologies and Case Studies pp 755–778 Cite as

Sustainable Coastal Zone Management Strategies for Unconsolidated Deltaic Odisha, the Northern Part of East Indian Coast

  • Nilay Kanti Barman 5  
  • First Online: 05 December 2017

1245 Accesses

1 Citations

Part of the Coastal Research Library book series (COASTALRL,volume 24)

  • Beach management
  • Extreme weather-events
  • Climate change
  • Sea-level rise
  • Low-lying coast

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Department of Geography, Hijli College, Vidyasagar University, Kharagpur, 721306, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India

Nilay Kanti Barman

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Omar Cervantes

Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF), Fletcher, North Carolina, USA

Charles W. Finkl

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Barman, N.K. (2018). Sustainable Coastal Zone Management Strategies for Unconsolidated Deltaic Odisha, the Northern Part of East Indian Coast. In: Botero, C., Cervantes, O., Finkl, C. (eds) Beach Management Tools - Concepts, Methodologies and Case Studies. Coastal Research Library, vol 24. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58304-4_38

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Loss and Damages from Cyclone: A Case Study from Odisha, a Coastal State

Profile image of Krishna Malakar

2020, Development in Coastal Zones and Disaster Management

Natural disasters such as cyclones result in tremendous loss and damages to life and property of coastal communities. However, studies assessing loss and damages are limited in the literature. This study attempts to document the loss and damages incurred by the marine fishing community affected by Cyclone Phailin in 2013, on the coast of Gopalpur in Odisha (India). A survey composed of 300 responses was conducted and it was found that a high percentage (72.67%) of the community experienced decline in income after the cyclone. This may be a result of damage to fishing gear from the cyclone. Although most fishermen were able to start fishing one to three weeks after the cyclone, their income returned to previous levels (before the cyclone) at a much later time. Fortunately, there were no deaths in the surveyed households as a result of the cyclone. Lastly, it was seen that the time and average cost to rebuild houses was greater than that to repair gear. Given the importance of assessi...

Related Papers

Vineetha Nalla

odisha coastal management case study

Asian Development Bank

Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan

This is the a chapter in the report Cyclone Fani: Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment which was published by Asian Development Bank jointly with United Nations India and The World Bank in collaboration with Govt. of Odisha. Cyclone Fani has had comparatively higher and differential impact on the socially vulnerable and marginalised population groups, especially women and adolescent girls, children, members of the SC and ST communities, PwDs, fisher-folk, daily wage earners such as brick kiln workers, small traders, artisans, and urban slum dwellers. Poverty, location of residence, inequality, social and gender discrimination were some factors that further compounded the pre-cyclone vulnerabilities of these groups and resulted in a differential impact (Figure 0.5). An analysis considering the five dimensions—Health, Education, Agri-livelihood, Living standards, and Safe housing (HEALS)—across the 14 affected districts shows that Fani has further increased the incidence of income poverty in Odisha which could be transient but needs special attention. A build back better (BBB) approach with community-specific, occupation-specific and location-specific interventions involving different stakeholders will prevent the increase in incidence of income poverty in the state.

Garima Jain

Greeshma Hegde

India has a coastline of about 7,516 km of which 5, 400 km is along the main land. Thirteen coastal states and Union Territories (UTs) in the country are being affected by climatic vulnerability. Four states (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal) are rather highly vulnerable to cyclone hazards. The Bay of Bengal is world's most cyclone prone region. Odisha is one of the most vulnerable states of India towards climate change. Natural calamities from time-to-time seriously affect livelihoods in this state and the income level of people. Poor societies have low adaptive capacities to withstand these adverse impacts of climate change, due to the high dependence of a majority of the population on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, forestry and fishery. The direct impacts of adverse climate cause loss of life, livelihood, assets, infrastructure etc. The present paper is an attempt to know the real sufferings of the villagers living in the coastal regions of the Ganjam District of Odisha who are frequently being affected by the rudeness of climatic vulnerability. They regularly loss a lot in their general livelihood, starting from extreme scarcity of food, drinking water and fuel to the extreme effect on health, education and infrastructure. The traditional marine fishermen living in the coastal regions of Ganjam district are the worst sufferers.

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology

Kiran Bains

India has been facing the wrath of natural calamities pertaining to its unique geography and varied climatic patterns from time immemorial. The purpose of this paper is to gather data pertaining to food assistance provided to stranded evacuees in the aftermath of Natural Calamities. Food assistance forms crucial part of humanitarian assistance to provide immediate relief to victims and help in their speedy recovery from injuries, illness and psychological distress. We aimed to collect information on the type of food, quantities of food and cultural competence of food because India has a wide diversity in food eating patterns across its regions. We also took into account the rescue operations involving role of different stakeholders like government organizations, Armed forces, paramilitary forces, NGOs, international donors and volunteers who usually work independently but gather together aftermath of any calamity or disaster, to address the problems that arise with a common shared g...

Kamal Barik

Bay of Bengal is prone to maximum rate of cyclogenesis of cyclonic disturbances and intensified cyclonic storms. The cyclones in the Bay of Bengal basin are most devastating, causing a large number of fatalities and huge infrastructural and pecuniary losses. The Coastline of Odisha had witnessed major land falls of cyclonic storms in comparison to other coastal states in east coast of Indian peninsula. Pre-monsoon cyclonic storms are rare compared to post monsoon in strength and frequency. The extreme severe cyclonic storm “Fani” has ransacked the Odisha coast causing 43 fatalities from 159 blocks in 14 districts, and huge pecuniary losses amounting to 2417.6 billion INR in spite of war footing precautionary measures. In this paper, the tracks of various intensified pre-monsoon and post-monsoon storms and their impacts are studied. The climatological impact of various dominating systems in Indian Ocean like El-Nino, La-Nina, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Madden–Julian Oscillation, I...

AN ETHNOGRAPHIC ACCOUNT ON THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PHAILIN AND ITS IMPACT AMONG THE FISHERMEN OF PENTAKOTA, PURI, ODISHA, INDIA

Pinaki Dey Mullick

The state of Odisha having severely exposed to the natural hazard, faces a great difficulty multiple times in past few years. The impact of natural disasters threatens the life and living of the local people of Odisha; repetitively raising their social and psychological resilience under a great challenge. In this context, the present study tries to explore the experiences of vulnerability and resilience among the fishermen of Pentakota - a coastline settlement of Puri, Odisha, after the cyclone - Phailin and its disastrous impacts on 11th October, 2013. Five Participants were selected through nested sampling design and interviewed using a semistructured interview schedule. The detailed and extensive rich data have been transcribed verbatim to include the insider’s perspectives of the concerned issues that leaded to the themes of concerned, like- (a) Sensing the Sea and Risks in Economic Living (“Perception of the Sea and Economic Living”, “Perception of Risks and Vulnerabilities in Daily Life” and “Spirituality and Resilience”), (b) Warning, Preparation, Disruption and the Terror of Phailin (“The Warning and Communication Prior to the Event”, “Facing the Unexpected Threats of Phailin” and “The Perception of Loss” ) and (c) The Issues of Resilience and Post-Disaster Recovery (“The Issues of Relief, Politics, Mistrusts and Annoyance”, “Feeling of Helplessness and Anxiety”, and “Bouncing Back the Troubles and Getting in to the Altered Life”). The nature of the content of the current effort is descriptive, specific and subjective that may claim to contribute knowledge for better policies and actions.

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  1. Protecting India's Coastline: Odisha

    Arijit Banerjee STORY HIGHLIGHTS Odisha's Chilka Lake is one of India's hotspots of biodiversity, including the rare Irrawady dolphin. The turtles are at risk from uncontrolled mechanized fishing in prohibited areas, the non-use of turtle excluder devices, and insensitive tourism.

  2. Coastal adaptation in Odisha

    Challenges of coastal adaptation in Odisha: A case study The project aims to present a critical analysis of coastal adaptation measures implemented by the government of Odisha, a low-lying province on the east coast of India, in villages affected by cyclones and coastal erosion.

  3. Risk assessment of coastal erosion for Odisha coast along ...

    This study analyses the coastal environment to assess the vulnerability profile of coastal erosion by using bio-geophysical parameters such as geological layout, tidal range, exposure to waves, balance or deficit of sediments, characteristics of flora and fauna and exposure to storm climate.

  4. Loss and Damages from Cyclone: A Case Study from Odisha, a Coastal

    First Online: 14 October 2020 301 Accesses 2 Citations Part of the Disaster Research and Management Series on the Global South book series (DRMSGS) Abstract Natural disasters such as cyclones result in tremendous loss and damages to life and property of coastal communities. However, studies assessing loss and damages are limited in the literature.

  5. Relevance of Marine Spatial Planning in coastal zone management

    The paper has been structured to present the relevance of MSP in coastal zone management planning, followed by the case study on MSP framework developed for Odisha. Later, a brief overview of the institutional structure for the management of marine areas at state level is presented along with identified gaps and possible recommendations to ...

  6. Integrated Coastal Zone Management along the Odisha Coast

    The ICZM project has been conceived with an objective to facilitate the development and implementation of an integrated management strategy for the coastal zone, by adopting a broad perspective and a multi-sectoral approach, to ensure wise use of coastal resources, perpetual maintenance of high level of biodiversity , conservation of critical ha...

  7. Relevance of Marine Spatial Planning in coastal zone management

    MSP framework: The case of Odisha The MSP framework, though being an indepen- dent study and action research, is linked and Vision formulated for the ICZM Odisha project interknitted with other deliverables of the project. reads as: 'To make Odisha's coastal zone a pro- However, the authors have attempted to share ductive and healthy region ...

  8. Loss and Damages from Cyclone: A Case Study from Odisha, a Coastal State

    This study attempts to document the loss and damages incurred by the marine fishing community affected by Cyclone Phailin in 2013, on the coast of Gopalpur in Odisha (India). A survey composed of ...

  9. PDF Shoreline change along Odisha coast using statistical and geo-spatial

    large number of studies along Odisha coast assessing the impacts of coastal structures on shoreline change (Mohanty et al. 2012, 2015; Kar et al. 2019). All these studies revealed that shore ... from this study that coastal erosion and its recov-ery is a common process after landfall of a storm. However, beach and dune recovery is a very slow ...

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    Loss and Damages from Cyclone: A Case Study from Odisha, a Coastal State Trupti Mishra and Krishna Malakar IntroductIon Cyclones are a significant risk to lives and property in coastal areas, and cause severe loss and damages to communities. In 2018, cyclones resulted in a loss of 56 billion USD globally (Munich RE 2019).

  14. THE FANI: A CASE STUDY OF ODISHA DISASTER MANAGEMENT

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