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Republic of Afghanistan

Citizenship and country documents.

  • State Department - Country Documents

Foreign Government Reports

  • AFG106237.E - Afghanistan: Requirements and procedures to obtain tazkira [ tazkera ], including from abroad; appearance and security features (2017-February 2019) - February 2019
  • AFG106043.E - Afghanistan: Passport Law of 25 October 2015; appearance and security features of passports; specimen of passports (2015-January 2018) - February 2018
  • AFG105732.E  - Afghanistan: Requirements and procedures to obtain, renew, and replace a biometric passport, both within and outside the country; validity period of passport; whether the 'place of birth' noted in the passport is the same as the one listed on the tazkira, and whether it refers to the place of birth of the owner of the passport or their father's (2015-January 2017) - February 2017

Intergovernmental Organization Reports

  • Returns from Pakistan and conditions on return in Afghanistan 
  • Treatment of returnees coming from Pakistan by the Afghan de facto authorities
  • Possibility to return to Pakistan legally 
  • Afghanistan:  Key Socio-Economic Indicators –  2022 , 2021 , 2020 , 2019

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US Government Reports

  • Department of Labor - Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - 2022 ,  2021 ,  2020 , 2019 , 2018 , 2017 , 2016 , 2015 , 2014 , 2013
  • Child Soldiers Prevention Act: Security Assistance Restrictions - Nov. 2020  
  • United Kingdom: Home Office Country Policy and Information Note - Afghanistan: Unaccompanied children - Oct. 2021
  • UK Border Agency Country of Origin Information (COI) Report - Children - July 2011
  • Country Guidance: Afghanistan - Common analysis and guidance note – Children - Dec. 2020
  • EASO COI Query: Education sector:  personnel and students – Aug. 2020
  • Afghanistan:  Key socio-economic indicators – Focus on Kabul City, Mazar-e Sharif and Herat City – Education - Aug. 2020

Non-Government Organization Reports

  • Child Soldiers Global Report - 2004
  • Child Soldiers International - Ongoing Recruitment and Use of Children by Parties to the Armed Conflict in Afghanistan - March 2016
  • Human Rights Watch Annual Report - Children's rights - 2021
  • Do children aged 15/16 years old get married in Afghanistan? - Apr. 2011
  • How widespread is child prostitution in Afghanistan? - Sept. 2010
  • UK Home Office Country - Background Note:  Afghanistan - Corruptions – Dec. 2020
  • UK Home Office Country Information and Guidance - Afghanistan: Unaccompanied children - October 2021

Intergovernmental Organization Reports

  • State Structure and Security Forces – Aug. 2020

“Today We Shall All Die” Afghanistan’s Strongmen and the Legacy of Impunity - March 2015

Disabilities

  • Country Guidance: Afghanistan - Common analysis and guidance note –Persons living with disabilities and persons with severe medical issues -   Dec. 2020
  • Country of Orgin Research and Information (CORI) - CORI Thematic Report: Elderly and Disabled Kabul, Mogadishu, Kinshasa - March 2015
  • Human Rights Watch Profiles - “Disability Is Not Weakness”: Discrimination and Barriers Facing Women and Girls with Disabilities in Afghanistan - April 2020
  • Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance - April 2013 , Jan. 2012 , Sept. 2010 , May 2010 , Feb. 2010
  • Afghanistan Central Bank Reserves - March 2023
  • VOTING TOGETHER: Why Afghanistan's 2009 Elections were (and were not) a Disaster - Nov. 2009
  • Election Guide - Recent Elections
  • Afghanistan’s Low-turnout Election, Insecurity and Unsettled Prospects for Peace - October 2019
  • Afghanistan: Elections and the Crisis of Governance - November 2009
  • Afghanistan Elections: Endgame or New Beginning? - July 2005
  • Afghanistan: From Presidential to Parliamentary Elections - Nov. 2004
  • Elections and Security in Afghanistan - March 2004

Ethnic Groups / Race

  • Country Guidance: Afghanistan - Common analysis and guidance note – Ethnic and religious minorities – Individuals involved in blood feuds and land disputes    - November 2021
  • EASO Country of Origin Information Report - Afghanistan Networks - Jan. 2018
  • State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - 2016 , 2015 , 2014 , 2013
  • South Asia State of Minorities Report 2020:  Minorities and Shrinking Civil Space – Nov. 2020
  • Afghanistan: 6th European Country of Origin Information Seminar, Vienna, 13-14 November 2000, Final Report - Ethnicity - May 2001
  • Afghanistan: 5th UNHCR Country of Origin Information Workshop, Bratislava, 13-14 December 1999, Final Report - Situation Update - Ethnic and political persecution - May 2000

Ethnic Groups / Race - Hazaras

  • UK Border Agency Country of Origin Information (COI) Report - Hazaras - April 2008
  • Norway Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo) - Hazaras and Afghan insurgent groups - Oct 2016
  • Please provide information about whether in 1989 or 1990 there was trouble in Afghanistan whereby Hazaras were being killed by the Pushtuns, Tajiks and Uzbeks?
  • Is there evidence to confirm Afghan Hazaras escaped to Pakistan around this time?
  • Please provide information on the treatment or protection of illegal Afghan Hazara Shia Muslim refugees, especially those who moved into Pakistan around 1989 or 1990, by the Pakistani authorities. Is the treatment of those who moved then any different to the treatment of those who moved more recently?
  • Please provide information about the Wahabis and Sunni Muslims and the Baloch targeting the Hazaras in Pakistan.
  • Is there information indicating that Hazara people in Quetta are unable to go out freely at night or that they are found dead in the streets?
  • Please provide information on the treatment of the Hazaras of the Shia Muslim religion in Afghanistan and whether they face serious harm in Afghanistan.
  • Please provide information on whether the authorities in Afghanistan, most of whom are not Hazara, can actually protect Hazaras.
  • Can you provide information on whether Shia Muslims of Hazara identity are likely to experience ill-treatment more than any other ethnic group in Afghanistan?
  • What is their known or likely attitude to Hazaras/Shi'a Muslims?
  • Can a Hazara safely return to Kabul and/or Mazar-e-Sharif directly (e.g. by plane), or do they have to return through occupied and/or dangerous areas?
  • AFG106491.E - Afghanistan: Situation of Hazara people living in Kabul City, including treatment by society, security situation, and access to employment; security situation for Hazara traveling to areas surrounding Kabul City to access employment (2014-April 2016) - April 2016
  • AFG103757.E - Situation and treatment of the Hazara people - July 2011
  • Danish Immigration Service - Report on fact-finding mission to Afghanistan - Hazaras - July 1998
  • Afghanistan: Massacres of Hazaras in Afghanistan - Feb. 2001
  • Information on the Hazara - January 2014
  • Treatment of Hazara by government forces - Nov. 2009 - Nov. 2010
  • World Directory of Minorities - Hazaras

Ethnic Groups / Race - Kuchis

  • World Directory of Minorities - Kuchis

Ethnic Groups / Race - Nuristanis

  • World Directory of Minorities - Nuristanis

Ethnic Groups / Race - Pashtuns

  • Paying for the Taliban's Crimes: Abuses Against Ethnic Pashtuns in Northern Afghanistan - Apr. 2002
  • World Directory of Minorities - Pashtuns
  • Afghanistan: The Problem of Pashtun Alienation - August 2003

Ethnic Groups / Race - Tajiks

  • Tajik Refugees in Northern Afghanistan: Obstacles to Repatriation - May 1996  
  • World Directory of Minorities - Tajiks 

Ethnic Groups / Race - Uzbeks and Turkmen

  • World Directory of Minorities - Uzbeks and Turkmen

Ethnic Groups / Race - Aimak (Aimaq)

  • World Directory of Minorities - Aimaq  

Ethnic Groups / Race - Baloch ( Baluch)

  • World Directory of Minorities -  Baluchis  

Ethnic Groups / Race - Jogi and Chori Frosh

  • World Directory of Minorities -  Jogi and Chori Frosh 

Ethnic Groups / Race - Panjshiris

  • World Directory of Minorities -  Panjshiris
  • Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action – Aug. 2021
  • AFG104238.E - Whether seigha (temporary marriage) is practiced in Afghanistan and by which groups - October 2012
  • Afghanistan: “They are the revolution”: Afghan women fighting for their future under the Taliban rule – Nov. 2021  
  • Afghanistan: Their lives on the line: Women human rights defenders under attack in Afghanistan - April 2015
  • Taliban Restrictions on Women’s Rights Deepen Afghanistan’s Crisis - Feb. 2023
  • Women and Conflict in Afghanistan - October 2013
  • Afghanistan: Women and Reconstruction - March 2003
  • Human Rights Watch Annual Report - Women's and Girl's Rights - 2021
  • “I Thought Our Life Might Get Better” Implementing Afghanistan’s Elimination of Violence against Women Law – Aug. 2021
  • “I Would Like Four Kids — If We Stay Alive” Women’s Access to Health Care in Afghanistan – May 2021
  • "I Had To Run Away" The Imprisonment of Women and Girls for "Moral Crimes" in Afghanistan - Mar. 2012
  • The "Ten-Dollar Talib" and Women's Rights: Afghan Women and the Risks of Reintegration and Reconciliation - July 2010
  • “We Have the Promises of the World” Women’s Rights in Afghanistan - Dec. 2009  
  • Humanity Denied: Systematic Violations of Women's Rights in Afghanistan - Oct 2001
  • Afghanistan: Information on arranged marriages including consequences of refusal - October 2015

Human Rights

  • State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2022 ,  2021 , 2020 , 2019 , 2018 , 2017 , 2016 , 2015 , 2014 , 2013 , 2012 , 2011 , 2010 , 2009
  • Austrailian Migration Review Tribunal - Refugee Review Tribunal
  • Please provide information on state protection.
  • How are persons who have been Westernised treated in Afghanistan, Kabul and Mazar-e-Sharif?
  • AFG104294.E - Human rights abuses committed by the Afghanistan National Army and security forces (1989-2009) - April 2013
  • Afghanistan - Country Focus - Dec. 2023
  • EASO COI Query:  Information on the treatment of Afghan nationals perceived as ‘Westernised’ (2018-2020) – Sept. 2020
  • Afghanistan:  Key socio-economic indicators – Focus on Kabul City, Mazar-e Sharif and Herat City – Employment - 2019
  • Amnesty International:  Death Sentences and Executions - 2020
  • Too many missed opportunities: Human rights in Afghanistan under the Karzai administration - March 2014
  • Freedom House - 2023 ,  2022 ,  2021 ,  2020 ,  2019 ,  2018 , 2017
  • Human Rights Annual Report -  2024 , 2023 , 2022 , 2021 , 2019 , 2018 , 2017 , 2016 . 2015
  • Killing You is a Very Easy Thing For Us: Human Rights Abuses in Southeast Afghanistan - July 2003
  • Towards a Political Settlement in Afghanistan: The Need to Protect Human Rights - Aug. 2001  
  • Beyond Emergency Relief: Averting Afghanistan’s Humanitarian Catastrophe - December 2021
  • Information on the stability of the Afghan government - Aug. 2012
  • Information regarding the treatment of human rights by the authorities in Afghanistan. - Jan. 2011
  • Information on people reclaiming their land or property after returning to Afghanistan, having spent years away from the country. - Oct. 2009

Justice System

  • Can Landinfo say anything in general about the issuing the national arrest warrants in Afghanistan? Is it likely that an arrest warrant would be issued to a person who has made blasphemous statements by criticising a mullah during Friday prayers?
  • COI Query - Afghanistan - Major legislative, security-related, and humanitarian developments - Nov. 2022
  • Country Guidance: Afghanistan - Country Guidance - Nov. 2021
  • COI Query - Major legislative, security-related, and humanitarian developments - Feb. 2024
  • Amnesty International:  Death Sentences and Executions - 2021 , 2020 
  • Human Rights Watch Annual Report - Arbitrary Detention, Torture, and Discriminatory Practices - 2020  
  • "Troops in Contact": Airstrikes and Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan - 2008
  • “Just Don’t Call It a Militia” Impunity, Militias, and the “Afghan Local Police” - Sept. 2011
  • Reforming Afghanistan's Broken Judiciary - Nov. 2010 
  • Reforming Afghanistan's Police - Aug. 2007 
  • Information on corruption within the police force - Sept. 2009 
  • Information on the availability of a fair trial - Sept. 2009  
  • Policing in Afghanistan: Still Searching for a Strategy - December 2008 
  • Afghanistan: What is the penalty in Afghan law ( for the man ) if an unmarried man has a sexual relationship with an unmarried woman where...the unmarried woman becomes pregnant; parties are of different ethnicities; parties are of different branches of Muslim religion (one Shia muslim and other party Sunni muslim); parties are both minors (is there an age of majority in Afghanistan for women and men with regard to sexual relationships. Is a sexual relationship considered rape when parties are minors?) - Dec. 2010
  • University of Texas at Austin - Map Collection

European Asylum Support Office

  • Afghanistan:  Key socio-economic indicators – Focus on Kabul City, Mazar-e Sharif and Herat City - Map – Aug. 2020
  • Please provide recent information on Jaghouri district in general, but also with reference to ethnic make-up, Taliban presence, political governance and economic circumstances.
  • Please provide some information about Maydan Shahr and Markazi Bihsud districts in Wardak province

Medical Availability

  • Afghanistan: Medical and healthcare – Oct. 2021
  • World Health Organization Page
  • “A Disaster for the Foreseeable Future” Afghanistan’s Healthcare Crisis - Feb. 2024

Political Figures and Parties

  • CIA - Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments
  • Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy In Brief - February 2023 ,  December 2022 ,  March 2021
  • The Middle East, North Africa, and Afghanistan: Selected Issues for the 118th Congress - January 2023
  • Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy - Dec. 2017
  • Are supporters of Dr. Abdullah Abdullah (including government employees) at risk of harm in Afghanisatn because of that support?
  • In what period was Hajji Bahlol Bahej Governor of Panjshir province? What are his current circumstances? How influential is he?
  • Please provide information about whether anyone who is, or is not, affiliated with the Nasr party/Hezb-i Wahdat Khalili would be likely to face ill-treatment or other adverse consequences.
  • Please provide general information about what the Nasr Party is, what they stand for, and who they are affiliated with. Do they have anything to do with the Taliban?
  • Could a grade 6 child be a member of PDPA?
  • Was there a youth group?
  • What is the present role of Wahdat in Afghan politics?
  • Political Conditions, Security and Human Rights Situation in Afghanistan - May 2002
  • Afghanistan: The Future of the National Unity Government - April 2017
  • Afghanistan's Political Transition - October 2014
  • Afghanistan's New Legislature: Making Democracy Work - May 2006
  • Political Parties in Afghanistan - March 2005
  • Afghanistan: The Constitutional Loya Jirga - December 2003
  • The Loya Jirga: One Small Step Forward? - May 2002

Refugees / IDPs

  • Fleeing War, Finding Misery: The Plight of the Internally Displaced in Afghanistan - Feb. 2012
  • Country Report Afghanistan. 11th European Country of Origin Information Seminar (Vienna, 21-22 June 2007) - IDPs return, the protracted and new/battle affected IDPs: - November 2007
  • Afghanistan: 5th UNHCR Country of Origin Information Workshop, Bratislava, 13-14 December 1999, Final Report - Situation Update - Displacement - May 2000
  • Closed Door Policy: Afghan Refugees in Pakistan and Iran - Feb. 2002
  • Disaster Displacement In Asia And The Pacific - Sept. 2022
  • Severity of internal displacement Report - Nov. 2021
  • Report on the protection situation of displaced people (as of December 2023) - Dec. 2023
  • Fact sheet on the repatriation of Afghan refugees from Pakistan (as of 7 December 2023) - Dec. 2023
  • Infographic on the voluntary return of Afghan refugees from Iran (covering January to November 2023) - Dec. 2023
  • UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Afghanistan - August 2013
  • State Department International Religious Freedom Report - 2021 ,  2020 , 2019 , 2018 , 2017 , 2016 , 2015 , 2014 , 2013 , 2012 , 2011 ,  2010 , 2009 , 2008 , 2007 , 2006 , 2005 , 2004 , 2003 , 2002 , 2001
  • U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) - 2022 , 2021 , 2020 , 2019 , 2018 , 2017 , 2016 , 2015 , 2014 , 2013
  • Religious Freedom and Women’s Rights in Afghanistan - Aug. 2023
  • Religious Freedom in Afghanistan - Aug. 2022
  • Violating Rights – Enforcing the World’s Blasphemy Laws – Criminal Blasphemy Laws as of 2020 - Dec. 2020
  • USCIRF Profiles - Afghanistan Country Update - Oct. 2019
  • UK Home Office Country Information and Guidance
  • Danish Immigration Service - Report on fact-finding mission to Afghanistan - Religious matters - July 1998
  • Country Guidance: Afghanistan - Common analysis and guidance note - Individuals considered to have committed blasphemy and/or apostasy - Dec. 2020

Sexual Orientation

  • U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom - Factsheet on Shari’a and LGBTI Persons – March 2021

Specific Country Issues - Armed Conflict

  • Afghanistan: Humanitarian situation  - April 2022
  • Afghanistan: Security - April 2022
  • Norway Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo) - Afghanistan: The security situation in Nangarhar province - Oct. 2016
  • Afghanistan: Security situation – Sept. 2021 , June 2021 , Dec. 2020 , Sept. 2020 , 2017 , 2016 ,
  • EASO COI Query: Education sector:  personnel and students: Treatment of education personnel by AGEs – Sept. 2020
  • Afghanistan Security Situation - Sept. 2020
  • Afghanistan: 5th UNHCR Country of Origin Information Workshop, Bratislava, 13-14 December 1999, Final Report - Situation Update - Fighting - May 2000
  • No Safe Place” Insurgent Attacks on Civilians in Afghanistan - May 2018
  • "I Won't Be A Doctor, and One Day You'll Be Sick" Girls' Access to Education in Afghanistan - Oct. 2017
  • “Education on the Front Lines” - Military Use of Schools in Afghanistan’s Baghlan Province - 2016
  • Getting Away with Murder: The Impunity of International Forces in Afghanistan - 2008
  • Blood-Stained Hands - Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity - June 2005
  • "ALL OUR HOPES ARE CRUSHED: Violence and Repression in Western Afghanistan" - Nov. 2002
  • Crisis of Impunity - The Role of Pakistan, Russia, and Iran in Fueling the Civil War - July 2001
  • Information on the current threat of indiscriminate violence. - Feb. 2011
  • Information regarding ongoing violence / frequency of violence in Gardez, Afghanistan. - Feb. 2010
  • A Force in Fragments: Reconstituting the Afghan National Army - May 2010
  • Countering Afghanistan's Insurgency: No Quick Fixes - November 2006
  • Asylum Research Consultancy - Afghanistan Security Situation - Jan. 2016
  • Afghanistan's Insurgency after the Transition - May 2014
  • Afghanistan: What Now for Refugees? - August 2009
  • Afghanistan: Getting Disarmament Back on Track - February 2005
  • Disarmament and Reintegration in Afghanistan - September 2003
  • Securing Afghanistan: The Need for More International Action - March 2002
  • Takeover: Access coordination in Afghanistan - Nov. 2023

Specific Country Issues - Taliban

  • Taliban Establish Control Over Afghanistan Amid Government Collapse and U.S. Withdrawal – Aug. 2021
  • Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy: In Brief – February 2022

Foreign Government ReporT

  • AFG105047.E - Afghanistan: Night letters [Shab Nameha, Shabnamah, Shabnameh], including appearance (2010-2015) - Feb 2015
  • THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL MUST END TALIBAN IMPUNITY - March 2023
  • The Fate of Thousands Hanging in The Balance: Afghanistan’s Fall into the Hands of the Taliban – Sept. 2021
  • What areas are presently under Taliban/AGF control - October 2014
  • Information on whether persons who worked in a civilian capacity for American companies were targeted in Afghanistan by the Taliban. Information on whether death threats / warning letters were issued by the Taliban, otherwise "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Ministry of Intelligence, Directorate of Administration". Are these death threats from the Taliban considered credible by the Afghan authorities and non-governmental agencies? HaveAmerican companies or the Afghan authorities provided any form of significant protection to Afghan workers and their families? - May 2012
  • Information on relations between Hizb e Islami and Taliban insurgents? - Oct. 2011
  • Information on the calendar used by the Taliban in Afghanistan. - Apr. 2010  
  • Possibility of relocation within Afghanistan for those who fear the Taliban - March 2010  
  • Any clear information about risks to people who run foul of Taliban and also the local commander (who also happens to be a local administrator). What are the risks to a potential victim of Taliban revenge, or revenge from a local commander? - Oct. 2009
  • The Taliban’s Neighbourhood: Regional Diplomacy with Afghanistan - January 2024
  • Taking Stock of the Taliban’s Perspectives on Peace – Aug. 2020
  • Building on Afghanistan’s Fleeting Ceasefire Building on Afghanistan’s Fleeting Ceasefire - July 2018
  • Taliban Propaganda: Winning the War of Words? - July 2008
  • Human Rights Watch - “You Have No Right to Complain” Education, Social Restrictions, and Justice in Taliban-Held Afghanistan - June 2020

Specific Country Issues - Mujahideen

Specific country issues - hezb-e-islami (hizb-e-islami).

  • Information on role of Hizb e Islami in the insurgency. Any reports of killings of civilians by Hizb e Islami in last few years. How do Afghan authorities treat Hizb e Islami insurgents that are arrested or captured? Any reports on what has happened any high profile insurgents when they get captured or if they surrender to govt forces ? any executions by government forces? - Oct. 2011
  • Treatment of ex-members of Hizb-e-islami by government in Afghanistan - Sept. 2011

Specific Country Issues - Internal Mobility

  • Afghanistan:  Key socio-economic indicators – Focus on Kabul City, Mazar-e Sharif and Herat City – Internal mobility - Aug. 2020

Specific Country Issues - Treatment of Returnees

  • Is there any current information on whether an Afghan national who has resided for any period in a western country would be subject to harm on return to Afghanistan now because they would be perceived as having been secularised?
  • What is the latest country information on the treatment of Westernised returnees to Afghanistan?
  • AFG103650.E - Situation of Afghan exchange students who study in the United States; whether they face difficulties from Afghan authorities or society when they return to Afghanistan - Dec. 2010 
  • ZZZ103544.E - Afghan citizens claiming asylum in the US; statistics on the rates of approval and rejection; types of claims; social and professional acceptance of Afghans in the US; difficulties encountered by Afghans in the US - July 2010 

Speech / Press / Internet

  • EASO COI Query: Journalists, media workers, and human rights defenders – Sept. 2020  
  • Freedom in the World - 2022 , 2020 , 2019 , 2018 , 2017

“Stop Reporting or We’ll Kill Your Family” - Threats to Media Freedom in Afghanistan - Jan. 2015

  • BBC Timeline

Trafficking

  • Trafficking in Persons Report - 2022 ,  2021 , 2020, 2019 , 2018 , 2017 , 2016 , 2015 , 2014 , 2013 , 2012 , 2011 , 2010 , 2009 , 2008 , 2007 , 2006 , 2005 , 2004 , 2003 , 2002 , 2001
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime - Global Report on Trafficking in Persons - South Asia - 2016
  • State Department Country Reports on Terrorism - Terrorist Safe Havens - 2019
  • Country Reports on Terrorism - 2022 ,  2020 , 2019 , 2018 , 2017 , 2016
  • Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan – Aug. 2021
  • Al Qaeda and Islamic State Affiliates in Afghanistan - Jan. 2020

Afghan Report

Afghan Report

News about afghanistan, taliban, afghan evacuees, and more., crs report on afghanistan – background and policy.

December 7, 2022 admin Publications 0

CRS report on Afghanistan

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) has updated its Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy in Brief publication. This PDF is published periodically and provides a brief history of the two-decade long U.S. involvement in the Afghan conflict and then examines the past events since the fall of Kabul to the Taliban on August 15, 2021.

  • Introduction
  • Background: Taliban Takeover
  • Taliban Government
  • Current and Potential Opposition
  • U.S. Policy
  • U.S. Counterterrorism and Afghanistan
  • Human Rights: Women, Ethnic Groups, and Religious Minorities
  • Relocations of U.S. Citizens and Certain Afghans
  • Economic Collapse
  • Regional Dynamics: Pakistan and Other Neighbors
  • Congressional Action and Outlook

Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy in Brief Congressional Research Service (CRS), R45122, PDF https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45122

  • resettlement

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Expert Commentary

U.S. military casualties and the costs of war: Iraq, Afghanistan and post-9/11 conflicts

2013 review of casualty and wounded statistics relating to the post-9/11 conflicts; also included are monetary cost estimates for total operations and veterans care.

congressional research service reports afghanistan

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Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .

by John Wihbey, The Journalist's Resource October 22, 2013

This <a target="_blank" href="https://journalistsresource.org/politics-and-government/us-military-casualty-statistics-costs-war-iraq-afghanistan-post-911/">article</a> first appeared on <a target="_blank" href="https://journalistsresource.org">The Journalist's Resource</a> and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.<img src="https://journalistsresource.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/cropped-jr-favicon-150x150.png" style="width:1em;height:1em;margin-left:10px;">

The “costs” of the post-9/11 conflicts can vary according to the research organization doing the estimates and depend on the particular focus and units of measurement.

For example, the “Costs of War” project, based at Brown University, estimates that the total monetary cost — including long-term veterans care — of the conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan may eventually total as much as $4 trillion. (For March 2013 estimates on Iraq, see here .) A 2011 Congressional Research Service report, “The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11,″ estimated that the total price tag through fiscal year 2011 was $1.28 trillion for such purposes as military operations, base security, reconstruction, foreign aid, embassy costs and veterans’ health care.

A March 2013 paper from Harvard Kennedy School budget expert Linda Bilmes estimates that the total costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars may run as high as $6 trillion, depending on how long-term macroeconomic factors play out. Further, “the legacy of decisions made during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts will impose significant long-term costs on the federal government, and in particular, on the consolidated national security budget.”

The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments notes that the 2012 defense budget included $118 billion in requests to support operations in the current conflicts; the Center also notes that, as of 2012, $813 billion had been spent on Iraq and $445 billion on Afghanistan. The New York Times estimated that the United States spent $3.3 trillion in the decade after the 9/11 attacks; this figure included not only military operations and future veterans care, but also the economic fallout from the terrorist attacks and associated homeland security costs. A Congressional Budget Office report estimates that by 2020 the price of treating Iraq and Afghanistan veterans alone could be more than $8 billion annually.

But dollars and cents are not the only way to measure the conflicts’ cost. The Brown University project estimated that together, all countries involved have lost a total of 31,000 uniformed service members and military contractors. In addition, the researchers estimated in 2011 that between 152,280 and 192,550 civilians in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan have died as a “result of the fighting at the hands of all parties.” In March 2013, the Brown researchers revised the civilian total estimate to 200,000; and they estimated that 330,000 people had been killed overall as a result of the conflicts, accounting for all soldiers, militants, police, contractors, journalists, humanitarian workers and civilians involved.

A 2013 study published in the peer-reviewed journal PLoS One Medicine , “Mortality in Iraq Associated with the 2003–2011 War and Occupation,” estimates that the war and occupation caused about 460,000 deaths. Using surveys and other data, the authors find the “wartime crude death rate in Iraq to be 4.55 per 1,000, more than 50% higher than the death rate of 2.89 during the two-year period preceding the war.” However, these estimates carry significant uncertainty. The study, which the authors state is the most comprehensive to date, also notes:

The risk of death at the peak of the conflict in 2006 almost tripled for men and rose by 70% for women. Respondents attributed 20% of household deaths to war-related violence. Violent deaths were attributed primarily to coalition forces (35%) and militia (32%). The majority (63%) of violent deaths were from gunshots. Twelve percent were attributed to car bombs.

Another 2013 study , published in The Lancet , had generally lower estimates: “At least 116,903 Iraqi non-combatants and more than 4800 coalition military personnel died over the 8-year course. Many Iraqi civilians were injured or became ill because of damage to the health-supporting infrastructure of the country, and about 5 million were displaced.”

Moreover, the New America Foundation estimates that as many as 307 civilians have been killed as a result of U.S. drone strikes in Pakistan between 2004 and fall 2013; the estimates go up if the Yemen theater is included. Those estimates are being refined by further reports from organizations such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International.

Of course, the number of service members killed in action is central to any such analysis. A February 2013 Congressional Research Service report, “U.S. Military Casualty Statistics: Operation New Dawn, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom,” updates data relating to the post 9/11 conflicts, including the numbers of wounded. (Operation Enduring Freedom refers to the Afghanistan conflict; Operation New Dawn refers to the Iraq War during the final transition phase, which ended in December 2011.)

The report notes the following:

  • During the Iraq War, 4,475 U.S. service members were killed and 32,220 were wounded; in Afghanistan, 2,165 have been killed and 18,230 wounded through Feb. 5, 2013.
  • Among service members deployed in these conflicts, 103,792 were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) over the period 2002 to December 2012. Over that same period, 253,330 service members were diagnosed with a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) of some kind.
  • As a result of battle injuries in the Iraq War, 991 service members received wounds that required amputations; 797 lost major limbs, such as a leg. In Afghanistan, 724 have had to undergo amputations, with 696 losing a major limb.

A wide variety of other related research, both academic and government-produced, is available in the veterans section of the Journalist’s Resource database.

Keywords: veterans, war, veterans affairs, PTSD

About The Author

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John Wihbey

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Congressional research service reports on general national security topics.

  • U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress , updated February 9, 2024
  • U.S. Strikes on Houthi Targets in Yemen Raise War Powers Issues , CRS Insight, February 9, 2024
  • Research Security Policies: An Overview , CRS In Focus, February 8, 2024
  • U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts , updated February 5, 2024
  • War Crimes: A Primer , CRS Legal Sidebar, updated February 2, 2024
  • The International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use , updated January 30, 2024
  • Renewed Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress , updated January 10, 2024
  • Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2023: Overview and Selected Issues , January 8, 2024
  • The Army's Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF) , CRS In Focus, updated December 26, 2023
  • Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress , updated December 20, 2023
  • Department of Defense Contract Pricing , December 19, 2023
  • Use of Force in Cyberspace , CRS In Focus, updated December 14, 2023
  • FY2023 National Defense Authorization Act: Overview of Funding Authorizations , December 7, 2023
  • Emergency Access to Strategic and Critical Materials: The National Defense Stockpile , November 14, 2023
  • The International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act: Key Facts , updated October 25, 2023
  • Defense Health Primer: U.S. Coast Guard Health Services , CRS In Focus, October 25, 2023
  • The U.S. Defense Industrial Base: Background and Issues for Congress , October 12, 2023
  • The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Considerations for Congress , updated October 6, 2023
  • Military Housing , September 29, 2023
  • Military Suicide Prevention and Response , CRS In Focus, updated September 19, 2023
  • National Security Review Bodies (Part I): Legal Context and Comparison , CRS Legal Sidebar, September 6, 2023
  • National Security Review Bodies (Part II): Creating New Review Systems , CRS Legal Sidebar, September 6, 2023
  • Army Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) , CRS In Focus, updated August 21, 2023
  • Terrorist Material Support: An Overview of 18 U.S.C. 2339A and 2339B , updated August 15, 2023
  • Terrorist Material Support: A Sketch of 18 U.S.C. 2339A and 2339B , updated August 15, 2023
  • Guam: Defense Infrastructure and Readiness , August 3, 2023
  • National Emergencies Act Expenditure Reports , CRS Insight, August 3, 2023
  • The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States , CRS In Focus, updated August 3, 2023
  • Department of Defense Community Support Programs , July 14, 2023
  • War Powers Resolution: Expedited Procedures in the House and Senate , June 22, 2023
  • The President's Authority to Use the National Guard or the Armed Forces to Secure the Border , CRS Legal Sidebar, updated June 15, 2023
  • FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Space-based Satellite Programs , CRS Insight, June 13, 2023
  • FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Strategic Missile Programs , CRS Insight, June 12, 2023
  • Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2023 , updated June 7, 2023
  • U.S. Defense Infrastructure in the Indo-Pacific: Background and Issues for Congress , June 6, 2023
  • The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA): Section-by-Section Summary , updated June 5, 2023
  • FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Context and Selected Issues for Congress , May 31, 2023
  • CFIUS Executive Order on Evolving National Security Risks and CFIUS Enforcement Guidelines , CRS In Focus, May 26, 2023
  • U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982 , updated May 25, 2023
  • Military Construction: Authorities and Processes , updated April 28, 2023
  • DOD Domestic School System: Background and Issues , CRS In Focus, updated April 28, 2023
  • Deep Fakes and National Security , CRS In Focus, updated April 17, 2023
  • Economic Development Conveyances for BRAC Properties , CRS In Focus, April 13, 2023
  • Climate Change and Adaptation: Department of Defense , CRS In Focus, updated April 6, 2023
  • Military Jurisdiction over Retired Servicemembers , CRS Legal Sidebar, April 5, 2023
  • HIV/AIDS in the Military , CRS In Focus, updated March 21, 2023
  • National Security Implications of Fifth Generation (5G) Mobile Technologies , CRS In Focus, updated March 14, 2023
  • Defense Health Primer: TRICARE Comprehensive Autism Care Demonstration , CRS In Focus, March 14, 2023
  • Overview of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Infrastructure (EI) Assistance , updated March 10, 2023
  • National Emergencies Act: Expedited Procedures in the House and Senate , updated February 21, 2023
  • The Purple Heart: Background and Issues for Congress , updated February 17, 2023
  • Defense Health Primer: Contraceptive Services , CRS In Focus, updated February 17, 2023
  • Buying American: The Berry and Kissell Amendments , CRS In Focus, updated January 20, 2023
  • The Pacific Deterrence Initiative: A Budgetary Overview , CRS In Focus, January 9, 2023
  • What Is "Political Warfare"? , CRS In Focus, updated January 9, 2023
  • Foreign Government Employment by Armed Services Retirees , CRS In Focus, updated January 5, 2023
  • U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces: A Brief Introduction , CRS In Focus, December 22, 2022
  • United States Central Command , CRS In Focus, updated December 16, 2022
  • Defense Spending and Your District , CRS In Focus, December 9, 2022
  • Global Health Engagement in the Department of Defense , December 6, 2022
  • Management of Sleep and Fatigue in Military Aviation , CRS In Focus, updated November 18, 2022
  • National Security Review Bodies: Legal Context and Comparison , CRS Legal Sidebar, updated November 9, 2022
  • Emerging Military Technologies: Background and Issues for Congress , updated November 1, 2022
  • Military Readiness: DOD Assessment and Reporting Requirements , CRS In Focus, October 26, 2022
  • The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress , updated October 19, 2022
  • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process , updated October 17, 2022
  • FY2023 NDAA: Cyber Personnel Policies , October 4, 2022
  • Trends in Active-Duty Military Deaths From 2006 Through 2021 , CRS In Focus, updated September 9, 2022
  • Department of Defense Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E): Appropriations Structure , updated September 7, 2022
  • The Insurrection Bar to Office: Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment , CRS Legal Sidebar, updated September 7, 2022
  • U.S. Ground Forces in the Indo-Pacific: Background and Issues for Congress , updated August 30, 2022
  • Naval Station Guantanamo Bay: History and Legal Issues Regarding Its Lease Agreements , updated August 1, 2022
  • Presidential Declaration of Climate Emergency: NEA and Stafford Act , CRS Insight, July 26, 2022
  • Benefits for Service-Disabled Veterans , updated July 18, 2022
  • DOD Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE): Overview and Selected Issues for Congress , July 11, 2022
  • FY2022 Defense Appropriations Act: Context and Selected Issues , June 9, 2022
  • 2022 Invocation of the Defense Production Act for Large-Capacity Batteries: In Brief , May 27, 2022
  • Military Applications of Extended Reality , CRS In Focus, updated May 26, 2022
  • FY2022 National Defense Authorization Act: Context and Selected Issues for Congress , May 20, 2022
  • U.S. Citizenship Through Military Service and Options for Military Relatives , CRS In Focus, April 29, 2022
  • Intellectual Property and Technical Data in DOD Acquisitions , CRS In Focus, April 22, 2022
  • United States European Command: Overview and Key Issues , CRS In Focus, updated March 30, 2022
  • United States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) , CRS In Focus, updated March 30, 2022
  • U.S. Nationals and Foreign Military Service , CRS In Focus, March 28, 2022
  • U.S. Export Control Reforms and China: Issues for Congress , CRS In Focus, updated March 24, 2022
  • Joint All-Domain Command and Control: Background and Issues for Congress , updated January 21, 2022
  • Joint All Domain Command and Control (JADC2) , CRS In Focus, updated January 21, 2022
  • Department of Defense Civilians and the Federal Employee COVID-19 Vaccination Mandate , CRS Insight, November 23, 2021
  • National Emergency Powers , updated November 19, 2021
  • FY2022 NDAA: President's Budget Request , CRS Insight, November 19, 2021
  • The Department of Defense (DOD) Budget: An Orientation , November 12, 2021
  • FY2022 NDAA: Budgetary Context , CRS Insight, November 10, 2021
  • FY2022 NDAA: Strategic Context , CRS Insight, November 3, 2021
  • Due Process Rights for Guantanamo Detainees , CRS Legal Sidebar, November 2, 2021
  • Military Criminal Justice System , CRS Insight, November 2, 2021
  • Reserve Component Personnel Issues: Questions and Answers , updated November 2, 2021
  • Military Justice Disposition Delimitation Legislation in the 117th Congress , October 18, 2021
  • Twenty Years of Military Operations in Afghanistan: Key Questions , September 27, 2021
  • U.S. Military Withdrawal and Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan: Frequently Asked Questions , updated September 17, 2021
  • FY2022 Electronic Warfare Funding Trends , CRS Insight, updated September 16, 2021
  • Presumptive Service Connection: Former Servicemembers of Camp Stronghold Freedom at Karshi-Khanabad (K2) Airbase , CRS In Focus, updated September 2, 2021
  • Use of Militia, National Guard, or Federal Armed Forces within the District of Columbia Prior to 2020 , August 25, 2021
  • Afghan Aerial Evacuation in Context , CRS Insight, August 24, 2021
  • The Collapse of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces: Implications for U.S. Security Assistance and Cooperation , CRS Insight, August 23, 2021
  • Confederate Names and Military Installations , CRS Insight, updated August 23, 2021
  • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: Overview and Issues for Congress , updated August 19, 2021
  • The Afghanistan Withdrawal: Military and Defense Implications , CRS Insight, August 17, 2021
  • U.S. Steel Manufacturing: National Security and Tariffs , CRS In Focus, August 12, 2021
  • Space as a Warfighting Domain: Issues for Congress , CRS In Focus, August 10, 2021
  • Security of Supply Arrangements (SOSAs): Background and Issues , CRS In Focus, August 10, 2021
  • Overview of Department of Defense Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum , updated August 10, 2021
  • Defense Authorization and Appropriations Bills: FY1961-FY2021 , updated July 12, 2021
  • The European Deterrence Initiative: A Budgetary Overview , CRS In Focus, updated July 1, 2021
  • Military Survivor Benefit Plan: Background and Issues for Congress , updated June 29, 2021
  • The Global Research and Development Landscape and Implications for the Department of Defense , updated June 28, 2021
  • FY2021 Defense Appropriations Act: Context and Selected Issues for Congress , June 7, 2021
  • FY2021 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Personnel and Health Care Issues , updated June 4, 2021
  • The Interim National Security Strategic Guidance , CRS In Focus, March 29, 2021
  • The National Guard and the COVID-19 Pandemic Response , CRS In Focus, March 12, 2021
  • U.S. Aluminum Manufacturing: National Security and Tariffs , CRS In Focus, March 11, 2021
  • Military Sexual Assault: A Framework for Congressional Oversight , updated February 26, 2021
  • National Guard Civil Support in the District of Columbia , CRS In Focus, February 23, 2021
  • The Defense Production Act Committee (DPAC): A Primer , CRS In Focus, February 23, 2021
  • Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007-2020 , updated February 22, 2021
  • Unrest at the Capitol: Potential Violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice , CRS Legal Sidebar, February 5, 2021
  • DOD Concerns About the FCC-Approved Ligado Network , CRS Insight, updated February 5, 2021
  • U.S. Military Drawdown in Afghanistan: Frequently Asked Questions , February 4, 2021
  • Export Controls: Key Challenges , CRS In Focus, January 14, 2021
  • The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations , updated January 6, 2021
  • Obesity in the United States and Effects on Military Recruiting , CRS In Focus, December 22, 2020
  • Defense Acquisitions: DOD's Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification Framework , December 18, 2020
  • Artificial Intelligence and National Security , updated November 10, 2020
  • Military Appellate Court: Presidential Comments Can Amount to Unlawful Command Influence , CRS Legal Sidebar, November 2, 2020
  • The Fundamentals of Military Readiness , October 2, 2020
  • FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues , updated September 18, 2020
  • Expanding the Selective Service: Legal Issues Surrounding Women and the Draft , CRS Legal Sidebar, updated September 14, 2020
  • Military Courts-Martial Under the Military Justice Act of 2016 , August 28, 2020
  • Export Restrictions in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic , CRS In Focus, updated August 25, 2020
  • U.S. Military Presence in Poland , CRS In Focus, updated August 4, 2020
  • American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics , updated July 29, 2020
  • Defense Production Act (DPA): Recent Developments in Response to COVID-19 , CRS Insight, updated July 28, 2020
  • Border Barrier Litigation: Open Questions for Department of Defense Transfer Authority , CRS Legal Sidebar, July 21, 2020
  • Military Pay: Key Questions and Answers , updated July 17, 2020
  • Emergency Authorities Under the National Emergencies Act, Stafford Act, and Public Health Service Act , updated July 14, 2020
  • DARPA's Pandemic-Related Programs , CRS Insight, June 30, 2020
  • DOD Transfer and Reprogramming Authorities: Background, Status, and Issues for Congress , June 17, 2020
  • National Stockpiles: Background and Issues for Congress , CRS In Focus, June 15, 2020
  • Congress, Civilian Control of the Military, and Nonpartisanship , CRS In Focus, updated June 11, 2020
  • New U.S. Marine Corps Force Design Initiatives , CRS Insight, updated June 5, 2020
  • A-76 Competitions in the Department of Defense , CRS In Focus, updated June 2, 2020
  • The FCC-Approved Ligado Network and Potential Technical Issues for DOD Use of GPS , CRS Insight, June 1, 2020
  • CFIUS: New Foreign Investment Review Regulations , CRS In Focus, updated May 28, 2020
  • FY2020 Defense Appropriations Act: P.L. 116-93 (H.R. 2968, S. 2474, H.R. 1158) , May 15, 2020
  • COVID-19: Defense Production Act (DPA) Developments and Issues for Congress , CRS Insight, updated May 15, 2020
  • The Army's AimPoint Force Structure Initiative , CRS In Focus, May 8, 2020
  • COVID-19: National Security and Defense Strategy , CRS In Focus, April 30, 2020
  • Defense Primer: A Guide for New Members , updated April 17, 2020
  • Defense Primer: Defense Appropriations Process , CRS In Focus, updated February 2, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Directed-Energy Weapons , CRS In Focus, updated February 1, 2024
  • Defense Primer: The NDAA Process , CRS In Focus, updated February 1, 2024
  • Defense Primer: U.S. Policy on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems , CRS In Focus, updated February 1, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Hypersonic Boost-Glide Weapons , CRS In Focus, updated January 30, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Ballistic Missile Defense , CRS In Focus, updated January 30, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Emerging Technologies , CRS In Focus, updated January 30, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Geography, Strategy, and U.S. Force Design , CRS In Focus, updated January 30, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Department of the Navy , CRS In Focus, updated January 30, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Naval Forces , CRS In Focus, updated January 30, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) , CRS In Focus, updated January 23, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps , CRS In Focus, updated January 19, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Department of the Army and Army Command Structure , CRS In Focus, updated January 16, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Command and Control of Nuclear Forces , CRS In Focus, updated January 12, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Commanding U.S. Military Operations , CRS In Focus, updated January 12, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Special Operations Forces , CRS In Focus, updated January 8, 2024
  • Defense Primer: What Is Irregular Warfare? , CRS In Focus, updated January 8, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Army Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) , CRS In Focus, updated January 2, 2024
  • Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces , CRS In Focus, updated December 29, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Military Pay Raise , CRS In Focus, updated December 26, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Cyberspace Operations , CRS In Focus, updated December 14, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Operations in the Information Environment , CRS In Focus, updated December 14, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Regular Military Compensation , CRS In Focus, updated December 5, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Quantum Technology , CRS In Focus, updated October 25, 2023
  • Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch , CRS In Focus, updated October 10, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Military Service Academies , CRS In Focus, updated September 12, 2023
  • Defense Primer: International Armaments Cooperation , CRS In Focus, June 9, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Strategic Nuclear Forces , CRS In Focus, updated May 19, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Intelligence Support to Military Operations , CRS In Focus, updated May 12, 2023
  • Defense Primer: U.S. Defense Industrial Base , CRS In Focus, updated April 17, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Acquiring Specialty Metals and Sensitive Materials , CRS In Focus, updated March 30, 2023
  • Defense Primer: The National Technology and Industrial Base , CRS In Focus, updated March 30, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Lowest Price Technically Acceptable Contracts , CRS In Focus, updated March 30, 2023
  • Defense Primer: The United States Space Force , CRS In Focus, updated March 15, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Department of Defense Civilian Employees , CRS In Focus, updated February 6, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Military Installations Management , CRS In Focus, updated January 23, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Procurement , CRS In Focus, updated January 20, 2023
  • Defense Primer: The Berry and Kissell Amendments , CRS In Focus, updated January 20, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Department of Defense Contractors , CRS In Focus, updated January 17, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Reserve Forces , CRS In Focus, updated January 17, 2023
  • Defense Primer: LGM-35A Sentinel Intercontinental Ballistic Missile , CRS In Focus, updated January 10, 2023
  • Defense Primer: The Military Departments , CRS In Focus, updated January 9, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Defense Support of Civil Authorities , CRS In Focus, updated January 3, 2023
  • Defense Primer: Department of Defense Maintenance Depots , CRS In Focus, updated December 30, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Active Component Enlisted Recruiting , CRS In Focus, updated December 21, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Active Component Enlisted Retention , CRS In Focus, updated December 21, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) , CRS In Focus, updated December 16, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution Process (PPBE) , CRS In Focus, updated December 15, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Legal Authorities for the Use of Military Forces , CRS In Focus, updated December 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Congress's Constitutional Authority with Regard to the Armed Forces , CRS In Focus, updated December 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: President's Constitutional Authority with Regard to the Armed Forces , CRS In Focus, updated December 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: The Defense Logistics Agency , CRS In Focus, updated December 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering , CRS In Focus, updated December 13, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Defense Working Capital Funds , CRS In Focus, updated December 9, 2022
  • Defense Primer: The Department of Defense , CRS In Focus, updated November 30, 2022
  • Defense Primer: National and Defense Intelligence , CRS In Focus, updated November 29, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Navigating the NDAA , CRS In Focus, updated November 23, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Military Enlisted Personnel , CRS In Focus, updated November 23, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Military Officers , CRS In Focus, updated November 23, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Personnel Tempo (PERSTEMPO) , CRS In Focus, updated November 23, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Conventional Ammunition Production Industrial Base , CRS In Focus, November 18, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Military Health System , CRS In Focus, updated November 18, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Budgeting for National and Defense Intelligence , CRS In Focus, updated November 17, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security , CRS In Focus, updated November 17, 2022
  • Defense Primer: U.S. Precision-Guided Munitions , CRS In Focus, updated November 15, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Electronic Warfare , CRS In Focus, updated November 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Exceptional Family Member Program (EFMP) , CRS In Focus, updated November 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Military Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum , CRS In Focus updated November 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: The United States Air Force , CRS In Focus, updated November 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: What Is Command and Control? , CRS In Focus, updated November 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: United States Airpower , CRS In Focus, updated November 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Military Retirement , CRS In Focus, updated November 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Military Separation and Severance Pay , CRS In Focus, updated November 14, 2022
  • Defense Primer: RDT&E , CRS In Focus, updated November 10, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Concurrent Receipt of Military Retirement and VA Disability , CRS In Focus, updated October 20, 2022
  • Defense Primer: United States Transportation Command , CRS In Focus, updated October 13, 2022
  • Defense Primer: Military Physical Fitness Testing and Body Composition Program , CRS In Focus, August 15, 2022
  • Defense Primer: DOD Transfer and Reprogramming Authorities , CRS In Focus, updated December 21, 2021
  • Defense Primer: Department of Defense Pre-Positioned Materiel , CRS In Focus, updated November 26, 2021
  • Defense Primer: Department of Defense Unfunded Priorities , CRS In Focus, November 9, 2021
  • Defense Health Primer: Military Vaccinations , CRS In Focus, updated August 6, 2021
  • Defense Primer: Gold Star Designation , CRS In Focus, updated July 8, 2021
  • Defense Primer: Military Commissaries and Exchanges , CRS In Focus, updated June 30, 2021
  • Defense Primer: Geography, Strategy, and U.S. Force Design , CRS In Focus, updated June 9, 2021
  • Defense Primer: DoD "Title 10" Security Cooperation , CRS In Focus, updated May 17, 2021
  • Defense Primer: Arlington National Cemetery , CRS In Focus, updated March 16, 2021
  • Defense Primer: President's Constitutional Authority with Regard to the Armed Forces , CRS In Focus, updated December 16, 2020
  • Defense Primer: United States Airpower , CRS In Focus, updated December 15, 2020
  • Defense Primer: Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) , CRS In Focus, updated December 14, 2020
  • Defense Primer: 75th Anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 1944 , CRS In Focus, May 28, 2019
  • Defense Primer: DOD Appropriated Fund Civilians , CRS In Focus, March 12, 2019
  • Defense Primer: FY2018 Department of Defense Audit Results , CRS In Focus, updated January 9, 2019
  • Defense Primer: Defense Working Capital Funds , CRS In Focus, March 23, 2018
  • Defense Primer: U.S. Transportation Command (TRANSCOM) , CRS In Focus, March 6, 2018
  • Defense Primer: Department of Defense Maintenance Depots , CRS In Focus, November 7, 2017
  • Defense Primer: The National Defense Budget Function (050) , CRS In Focus, March 17, 2017
  • Defense Primer: The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) , CRS In Focus, November 16, 2016
  • U.S. Military Electronic Warfare Program Funding: Background and Issues for Congress , updated April 16, 2020
  • The Defense Production Act (DPA) and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Developments and Policy Considerations , CRS Insight, April 15, 2020
  • Protecting Military Whistleblowers: 10 U.S.C. §1034 , CRS In Focus, April 9, 2020
  • COVID-19: The Basics of Domestic Defense Response , CRS Insight, updated April 3, 2020
  • COVID-19: Defense Support of Civil Authorities , CRS Insight, April 2, 2020
  • Overview: The Department of Defense and COVID-19 , CRS In Focus, March 31, 2020
  • COVID-19 and the Defense Industrial Base: DOD Response and Legislative Considerations , CRS Insight, updated March 30, 2020
  • COVID-19: Industrial Mobilization and Defense Production Act (DPA) Implementation , CRS Insight, March 25, 2020
  • FY2020 Defense Reprogrammings for Wall Funding: Backgrounder , CRS Insight, March 24, 2020
  • The Cyberspace Solarium Commission: Illuminating Options for Layered Deterrence , CRS In Focus, March 20, 2020
  • Military Child Development Program: Background and Issues , updated March 19, 2020
  • The Defense Production Act (DPA) and COVID-19: Key Authorities and Policy Considerations , CRS Insight, March 18, 2020
  • FY2021 Budget Request for the Military Health System , CRS In Focus, March 2, 2020
  • CFIUS Reform Under FIRRMA , CRS In Focus, updated February 21, 2020
  • FY2021 Defense Budget Request: An Overview , CRS Insight, February 20, 2020
  • Recent U.S. Airstrikes: Legal Authorities and Questions , CRS Legal Sidebar, updated February 18, 2020
  • The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) , updated February 14, 2020
  • Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) in the Military , CRS Insight, February 13, 2020
  • The Army's Modernization Strategy: Congressional Oversight Considerations , February 7, 2020
  • Military Funding for Border Barriers: Catalogue of Interagency Decisionmaking , updated February 5, 2020
  • National Security Space Launch , February 3, 2020
  • Government Expenditures on Defense Research and Development by the United States and Other OECD Countries: Fact Sheet , updated January 28, 2020
  • The U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Initiative , updated January 28, 2020
  • Challenges to the United States in Space , CRS In Focus, updated January 27, 2020
  • Possible Use of FY2020 Defense Funds for Border Barrier Construction: Context and Questions , CRS Insight, January 16, 2020
  • Department of Defense Global Health Engagement , CRS In Focus, updated January 16, 2020
  • Defender 2020-Europe Military Exercise, Historical (REFORGER) Exercises, and U.S. Force Posture in Europe , CRS In Focus, January 14, 2020
  • The 2019-2020 Iran Crisis and U.S. Military Deployments , CRS In Focus, January 9, 2019
  • FY2020 Military Construction Appropriations: An Overview of P.L. 116-94 (Division F) , January 8, 2020
  • Space Weather: An Overview of Policy and Select U.S. Government Roles and Responsibilities , updated January 6, 2020
  • FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act: P.L. 116-92 (H.R. 2500, S. 1790) , January 2, 2020
  • Army Corps of Engineers: FY2020 Appropriations , CRS In Focus, updated December 23, 2019
  • Navy Irregular Warfare and Counterterrorism Operations: Background and Issues for Congress , updated December 17, 2019
  • Military Families and Intimate Partner Violence: Background and Issues for Congress , December 4, 2019
  • Department of Defense First Agency-wide Financial Audit (FY2018): Background and Issues for Congress , November 27, 2019
  • Amazon Protest of the Department of Defense's JEDI Cloud Contract Award to Microsoft , CRS Insight, updated November 22, 2019
  • Presidential Directives: An Introduction , CRS In Focus, November 13, 2019
  • DOD's Cloud Strategy and the JEDI Cloud Procurement , CRS In Focus, updated November 13, 2019
  • MHS Genesis: Background and Issues for Congress , October 28, 2019
  • Military Space Reform: FY2020 NDAA Legislative Proposals , CRS In Focus, October 2, 2019
  • The Defense Budget and the Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions , updated September 30, 2019
  • Department of Defense Outleasing and Enhanced Use Leases , CRS In Focus, September 13, 2019
  • Suicide Rates and Risk Factors for the National Guard , CRS Insight, September 9, 2019
  • Overseas Contingency Operations Funding: Background and Status , updated September 6, 2019
  • Defense Spending Under an Interim Continuing Resolution: In Brief , August 15, 2019
  • Convergence of Cyberspace Operations and Electronic Warfare , CRS In Focus, August 13, 2019
  • The Department of Defense's JEDI Cloud Program , updated August 2, 2019
  • Carbon Monoxide Detection Requirements for Military Housing , CRS Insight, updated July 30, 2019
  • Military Installations and Sea-Level Rise , CRS In Focus, July 26, 2019
  • Military Health System Reform , CRS In Focus, July 26, 2019
  • Department of Defense Energy Management: Background and Issues for Congress , July 25, 2019
  • FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 5515) , July 18, 2019
  • Hazing in the Armed Forces , CRS In Focus, updated July 18, 2019
  • FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 2500, S. 1790) , CRS In Focus, June 26, 2019
  • FY2020 National Security Space Budget Request: An Overview , CRS In Focus, June 7, 2019
  • Diversity, Inclusion, and Equal Opportunity in the Armed Services: Background and Issues for Congress , updated June 5, 2019
  • Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Southern Border Barriers , CRS In Focus, May 22, 2019
  • Military Personnel and Extremism: Law, Policy, and Considerations for Congress , CRS Insight, updated May 16, 2019
  • Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Annual Report on Future Studies and Projects , CRS Insight, May 16, 2019
  • Military Sexual Assault: Chronology of Activity in the 113th-114th Congresses and Related Resources , updated May 16, 2019
  • DOD's Proposal to Reduce Military Medical End Strength , CRS Insight, May 10, 2019
  • FY2020 Budget Request for the Military Health System , CRS In Focus, May 8, 2019
  • Proposed Civilian Personnel System Supporting "Space Force" , CRS In Focus, May 7, 2019
  • Base Closure and Realignment (BRAC): Background and Issues for Congress , April 25, 2019
  • Army Corps of Engineers: Environmental Infrastructure Assistance , CRS In Focus, April 19, 2019
  • Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorization and Project Delivery Processes , updated April 19, 2019
  • U.S. War Costs, Casualties, and Personnel Levels Since 9/11 , CRS In Focus, April 18, 2019
  • U.S. Military Electronic Warfare Research and Development: Recent Funding Projections , CRS Insight, April 15, 2019
  • FY2019 Defense Appropriations Act (P.L. 115-245) , April 12, 2019
  • "Space Force" and Related DOD Proposals: Issues for Congress , CRS In Focus, April 8, 2019
  • FY2020 Defense Budget Request: An Overview , CRS Insight, updated March 26, 2019
  • Evaluating DOD Strategy: Key Findings of the National Defense Strategy Commission , CRS In Focus, March 19, 2019
  • Army Corps of Engineers: Continuing Authorities Programs , CRS In Focus, updated March 13, 2019
  • The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice , updated March 8, 2019
  • Definition of National Emergency under the National Emergencies Act , CRS Legal Sidebar, March 1, 2019
  • Declarations under the National Emergencies Act, Part 1: Declarations Currently in Effect , CRS Legal Sidebar, February 28, 2019
  • Declarations under the National Emergencies Act, Part 2: Declarations No Longer in Effect , CRS Legal Sidebar, February 15, 2019
  • Redirecting Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Resources During National Emergencies , CRS In Focus, updated February 26, 2019
  • Department of Defense Use of Other Transaction Authority: Background, Analysis, and Issues for Congress , updated February 22, 2019
  • The Defense Department and 10 U.S.C. 284: Legislative Origins and Funding Questions , CRS Insight, February 20, 2019
  • Can the Department of Defense Build the Border Wall? , CRS Legal Sidebar, February 18, 2019
  • Background: Using Defense Funds for Construction in a National Emergency , briefing slides, February 6, 2019
  • Evaluating Possible U.S. Troop Withdrawals from Hostile Areas , CRS Insight, February 1, 2019
  • General and Flag Officers in the U.S. Armed Forces: Background and Considerations for Congress , updated February 1, 2019
  • The U.S. Army and Multi-Domain Operations , CRS Insight, January 17, 2019
  • Military Construction Funding in the Event of a National Emergency , CRS Insight, updated January 11, 2019
  • The DOD's JEDI Cloud Program , CRS Insight, updated December 12, 2018
  • Military Medical Care: Mitigating Impacts From Medical Unit Deployments , CRS Insight, updated November 21, 2018
  • Army Corps of Engineers: FY2019 Appropriations , CRS In Focus, updated November 16, 2018
  • The Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: The Use of the Military to Execute Civilian Law , updated November 6, 2018
  • The Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: A Sketch , updated November 6, 2018
  • FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues , October 16, 2018
  • Defense Health Primer: TRICARE Extended Care Health Option (ECHO) , CRS In Focus, October 10, 2018
  • Army Corps of Engineers Annual and Supplemental Appropriations: Issues for Congress , October 1, 2018
  • Army Futures Command , CRS Insight, updated September 10, 2018
  • FY2019 Military Construction Appropriations: An Overview of H.R. 5895 and Issues in Conference , CRS In Focus, updated August 30, 2018
  • Substance Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Research Efforts in the Military , CRS In Focus, August 17, 2018
  • Toward the Creation of a U.S. "Space Force" , CRS In Focus, August 16, 2018
  • FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act: An Overview of H.R. 5515 , CRS In Focus, August 7, 2018
  • FY2019 Defense Appropriations Bill: An Overview of S. 3159, as Reported , CRS In Focus, July 27, 2018
  • History of Use of U.S. Military Bases to House Immigrants and Refugees , CRS Insight, July 26, 2018
  • FY2019 Defense Appropriations Bill: An Overview of House-passed H.R. 6157 , CRS In Focus, July 19, 2018
  • Military Commission Judges Do Not Have Unilateral Power to Punish for Contempt , CRS Legal Sidebar, July 18, 2018
  • Military Transition Assistance Program (TAP): An Overview , CRS In Focus, July 12, 2018
  • United States Special Operations Command Acquisition Authorities , July 9, 2018
  • Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars , July 2, 2018
  • FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act: An Overview of Senate Action , CRS In Focus, June 29, 2018
  • Military Enjoined from Transferring American ISIS Suspect to Foreign Country--at Least for Now , CRS Legal Sidebar, June 20, 2018
  • FY2018 Military Construction Authorizations and Appropriations , June 6, 2018
  • Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Funding for FY2018 , CRS In Focus, June 5, 2018
  • FY2018 National Defense Authorization Act , June 4, 2018
  • FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act: An Overview of H.R. 5515, as Reported , May 22, 2018
  • The FY2019 Defense Budget Request: An Overview , May 9, 2018
  • FY2018 Defense Appropriations Act: An Overview , CRS In Focus, April 5, 2018
  • The President's FY2019 Military Construction Budget Request , CRS In Focus, April 4, 2018
  • Army Corps of Engineers: FY2018 Appropriations , CRS In Focus, April 2, 2018
  • DOD's Troops to Teachers Program (TTT) , CRS In Focus, March 15, 2018
  • Information Warfare: Issues for Congress , March 5, 2018
  • Defense Spending Under an Interim Continuing Resolution: In Brief , February 23, 2018
  • Defense Science and Technology Funding , February 21, 2018
  • FY2018 Defense Spending Under an Interim Continuing Resolution , CRS In Focus, February 20, 2018
  • Presidential References to the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force in Publicly Available Executive Actions and Reports to Congress , February 16, 2018
  • The 2018 National Defense Strategy , CRS Insight, February 5, 2018
  • U.S. Security Assistance and Security Cooperation Programs: Overview of Funding Trends , February 1, 2018
  • Acquisition Reform in the FY2016-FY2018 National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) , January 19, 2018
  • Army Corps Supplemental Appropriations: History, Trends, and Policy Issues , January 3, 2018
  • The 2017 National Security Strategy: Issues for Congress , CRS Insight, December 19, 2017
  • FY2018 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues , December 14, 2017
  • Supreme Court Declines to Take Up Military Commission Challenges -- Al Bahlul and Al-Nashiri , CRS Legal Sidebar, December 12, 2017
  • End-Year DOD Contract Spending , CRS In Focus, November 17, 2017
  • Contracting the Adversary , CRS Insight, November 16, 2017
  • Niger: Frequently Asked Questions About the October 2017 Attack on U.S. Soldiers , October 27, 2017
  • Attack on U.S. Soldiers in Niger: Context and Issues for Congress , CRS Insight, October 5, 2017
  • U.S. Air Force Pilot Shortage , CRS Insight, September 11, 2017
  • Select Acquisition Reform Provisions in the House and Senate Versions of the FY2018 National Defense Authorization Act , August 21, 2017
  • DOD Plan to Split Acquisition Duties , CRS Insight, August 18, 2017
  • In Brief: Highlights of the FY2018 National Defense Authorization Act , August 15, 2017
  • In Brief: Highlights of FY2018 Defense Appropriations Actions , August 2, 2017
  • Transgender Servicemembers: Policy Shifts and Considerations for Congress , CRS Insight, July 26, 2017
  • Defense: FY2017 Budget Request, Authorization, and Appropriations , June 28, 2017
  • U.S. Military Presence on Okinawa and Realignment to Guam , CRS In Focus, June 14, 2017
  • Defining Readiness: Background and Issues for Congress , June 14, 2017
  • FY2018 Defense Budget Request: The Basics , June 9, 2017
  • FY2018 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress , CRS Slideshow, June 5, 2017
  • Additional Troops for Afghanistan? Considerations for Congress , May 19, 2017
  • Fact Sheet: FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) DOD Reform Proposals , May 18, 2017
  • Understanding Constituent Problems with the Military , CRS Webinar, May 10, 2017
  • A Steely Look at Steel: Commerce Directed to Prioritize Investigation of the Effects of Steel Imports on National Security , CRS Legal Sidebar, April 24, 2017, updated May 1, 2017
  • U.S. Strike on Syrian Airbase: Legal under International Law? , CRS Legal Sidebar, April 17, 2017
  • UPDATE: Smith v. Obama : A Servicemember's Legal Challenge to the Campaign Against the Islamic State , CRS Legal Sidebar, April 4, 2017
  • The Trump Administration's March 2017 Defense Budget Proposals: Frequently Asked Questions , April 3, 2017
  • The Army's Sustainable Readiness Model (SRM) , CRS Insight, March 31, 2017
  • FY2017 Defense Appropriations Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of H.R. 5293, S. 3000, and H.R. 1301 , March 28, 2017
  • DOD Issues Additional Guidance on Federal Hiring Freeze , CRS Insight, March 20, 2017
  • How People Talk About the FY2017 National Defense Budget , CRS graphic, n.d. ( .jpg )
  • Precedent for the Service of Active Duty Three-Star Generals and Flag Officers as the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs , CRS memorandum, March 2, 2017
  • A New Authorization for Use of Military Force Against the Islamic State: Issues and Current Proposals , February 21, 2017
  • Trump Administration Changes to the National Security Council: Frequently Asked Questions , CRS Insight, January 30, 2017
  • FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues , January 23, 2017
  • Russia and the U.S. Presidential Election , CRS Insight, January 17, 2017
  • Expedited Procedures Governing Senate Consideration of Legislation Waiving a Restriction Related to the Military Service of the Secretary of Defense , CRS Insight, December 27, 2016
  • Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of the FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 4909, S. 2943) , December 19, 2016
  • Statutory Restrictions Relating to Prior Military Service of the Secretary of Defense , CRS Insight, December 13, 2016
  • Women in Combat: Issues for Congress , December 13, 2016
  • The Civil Defense Acquisition Workforce: Enhancing Recruitment Through Hiring Flexibilities , November 22, 2016
  • Security Cooperation: Comparison of Proposed Provisions for the FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) , November 1, 2016
  • Military Construction: FY2017 Appropriations , October 4, 2016
  • How Big Should the Army Be? Considerations for Congress , September 2, 2016
  • Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State , August 24, 2016
  • DOD Security Cooperation: An Overview of Authorities and Issues , August 23, 2016
  • Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of the FY2017 Military Construction Appropriations Bills , August 18, 2016
  • The Department of Defense Acquisition Workforce: Background, Analysis, and Questions for Congress , July 29, 2016
  • Security Cooperation and the FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) , CRS Insight, July 27, 2016
  • Acquisition Reform in the House and Senate Versions of the FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act , July 13, 2016
  • "Right-Sizing" the National Security Council Staff? , CRS Insight, June 30, 2016
  • Athletic Footwear for the Military: The Berry Amendment Controversy , CRS Insight, June 10, 2016
  • Goldwater-Nichols at 30: Defense Reform and Issues for Congress , June 2, 2016
  • DOD's Rotation to the Philippines , CRS Insight, May 31, 2016
  • Security Assistance and Cooperation: Shared Responsibility of the Departments of State and Defense , May 26, 2016
  • National Security Space Launch at a Crossroads , May 13, 2016
  • The Nunn-McCurdy Act: Background, Analysis, and Issues for Congress , May 12, 2016
  • Military Officer Personnel Management: Key Concepts and Statutory Provisions , May 10, 2016
  • Information Warfare: DOD's Response to the Islamic State Hacking Activities , CRS Insight, May 10, 2016
  • The 2015 National Security Strategy: Authorities, Changes, Issues for Congress , April 5, 2016
  • Additional U.S. Ground Troops to Counter the Islamic State? Five Questions , CRS Insight, March 29, 2016
  • Wartime Detention Provisions in Recent Defense Authorization Legislation , March 14, 2016
  • DOD Releases Plan to Close GTMO , CRS Legal Sidebar, February 23, 2016
  • FY2016 Changes to DOD's 1033 Program , CRS Insight, February 16, 2016
  • FY2017 Defense Budget Request: In Brief , February 12, 2016
  • National Commission on the Future of the Army (NCFA): Background and Issues for Congress , February 5, 2016
  • Goldwater-Nichols and the Evolution of Officer Joint Professional Military Education (JPME) , January 13, 2016
  • The Federal Cybersecurity Workforce: Background and Congressional Oversight Issues for the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security , January 8, 2016
  • Using Data to Improve Defense Acquisitions: Background, Analysis, and Questions for Congress , January 5, 2016
  • What Is "Building Partner Capacity?" Issues for Congress , December 18, 2015
  • FY2016 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues , December 17, 2015
  • Women and the Selective Service , CRS Insight, December 15, 2015
  • Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of the FY2016 Defense Budget Debate and the National Defense Authorization Acts (H.R. 1735 and S. 1356) , December 4, 2015
  • Bivens Does Not Apply to Overseas Fourth Amendment Violations with National Security Overtones , CRS Legal Sidebar, November 23, 2015
  • Legal Obligation of U.S. Armed Forces to Intervene in Acts of Bacha Bazi in Afghanistan , CRS Legal Sidebar, October 22, 2015
  • Presidential Vetoes of Annual Defense Authorization Bills , CRS Insight, October 1, 2015
  • How Many UAVs for DOD? , CRS Insights, August 27, 2015
  • A Guide to U.S. Military Casualty Statistics: Operation Freedom's Sentinel, Operation Inherent Resolve, Operation New Dawn, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom , August 7, 2015
  • Defense Health Program Funding Shortfall for Fiscal Year 2015 , CRS Insights, July 30, 2015
  • The 2015 National Military Strategy: Background and Questions for Congress , CRS Insights, July 29, 2015
  • OPM Data Breach: Personnel Security Background Investigation Data , CRS Insights, July 24, 2015
  • Defense Spending and the Budget Control Act Limits , July 22, 2015
  • War Funding and the Budget Control Act: In Brief , July 22, 2015
  • Cyber Intrusion into U.S. Office of Personnel Management: In Brief , July 17, 2015
  • Can Military Servicemembers Carry Firearms for Personal Protection on Duty? , CRS Insights, July 17, 2015
  • What are the Department of Defense (DOD) Policies on Transgender Service? (revised July 21), CRS Insights, July 15, 2015
  • Acquisition Reform in House- and Senate-Passed Versions of the FY2016 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 1735) , July 2, 2015
  • Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of the FY2016 Defense Appropriations Bills (H.R. 2685 and S. 1558) , June 16, 2015
  • Train and Equip Program for Syria: Authorities, Funding, and Issues for Congress , June 9, 2015
  • Senate to Mull Potential Endgame for Guantanamo , CRS Legal Sidebar, June 5, 2015
  • FY2016 Military Construction Appropriations: President's Request and House Markup Compared , CRS Insights, April 24, 2015
  • Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations , April 20, 2015
  • 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force: Issues Concerning Its Continued Application , April 14, 2015
  • Cyberwarfare and Cyberterrorism: In Brief , March 27, 2015
  • The Obama Administration's Proposed AUMF against the Islamic State: Some Immediate Takeaways , CRS Legal Sidebar, February 19, 2015
  • Defense: FY2015 Authorization and Appropriations , January 28, 2015
  • Cyber Operations in DOD Policy and Plans: Issues for Congress , January 5, 2015
  • Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Overview and Discussion of Proposed Revisions , December 12, 2014
  • FY2015 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues , December 11, 2014
  • The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 , December 8, 2014
  • Security Assistance Reform: "Section 1206" Background and Issues for Congress , December 8, 2014
  • Army Active Component (AC)/Reserve Component (RC) Force Mix: Considerations and Options for Congress , December 5, 2014
  • Fact Sheet: Selected Highlights of H.R. 3979, the Carl Levin and Howard "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for FY2015 , December 3, 2014
  • Proposed Train and Equip Authorities for Syria: In Brief , December 3, 2014
  • The "Militarization" of Law Enforcement and the Department of Defense's "1033 Program" , CRS Insights, December 2, 2014
  • U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress , October 27, 2014
  • Increased Department of Defense Role in U.S. Ebola Response , CRS Insights, October 10, 2014
  • Considerations for Possible Authorization for Use of Military Force Against the Islamic State , CRS Insights, September 16, 2014
  • U.S. Military Action Against the Islamic State: Answers to Frequently Asked Legal Questions , September 9, 2014
  • Judicial Activity Concerning Enemy Combatant Detainees: Major Court Rulings , September 9, 2014
  • Defense Surplus Equipment Disposal, Including the Law Enforcement 1033 Program , September 5, 2014
  • The "1033 Program," Department of Defense Support to Law Enforcement , August 28, 2014
  • The Military Commissions Act of 2009 (MCA 2009): Overview and Legal Issues , August 4, 2014
  • The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Reauthorization , July 28, 2014
  • Use of Force Considerations in Iraq , July 15, 2014
  • Defense Acquisition Reform: Background, Analysis, and Issues for Congress , May 23, 2014
  • Defense Acquisitions: How DOD Acquires Weapon Systems and Recent Efforts to Reform the Process , May 23, 2014
  • Army Corps Civil Works Funding: A Primer , CRS In Focus, May 12, 2014
  • Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications , April 18, 2014
  • Military Uniform Procurement: Questions and Answers , April 14, 2014
  • Comparison of Rights in Military Commission Trials and Trials in Federal Criminal Court , March 21, 2014
  • Military Base Closures: Frequently Asked Questions , March 19, 2014
  • Army Drawdown and Restructuring: Background and Issues for Congress , February 28, 2014
  • The 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and Defense Strategy: Issues for Congress , February 24, 2014
  • FY2014 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues , February 24, 2014
  • The Berry Amendment: Requiring Defense Procurement To Come From Domestic Sources , February 24, 2014
  • Executive Order 13438: Blocking Property of Certain Persons Who Threaten Stabilization Efforts in Iraq , January 24, 2014
  • Detention of U.S. Persons as Enemy Belligerents , January 23, 2014
  • Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations , January 13, 2014
  • Marine Corps Drawdown, Force Structure Initiatives, and Roles and Missions: Background and Issues for Congress , January 9, 2014
  • Threats to U.S. National Security Interests in Space: Orbital Debris Mitigation and Removal , January 8, 2014
  • Defense: FY2014 Authorization and Appropriations , January 8, 2014
  • War in Afghanistan: Campaign Progress, Political Strategy, and Issues for Congress , January 2, 2014
  • Rare Earth Elements in National Defense: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress , December 23, 2013
  • Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain , December 16, 2013
  • Government Shutdown: Operations of the Department of Defense During a Lapse in Appropriations , October 15, 2013
  • Sexual Assaults Under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ): Selected Legislative Proposals , September 6, 2013
  • In Brief: Assessing DOD's New Strategic Guidance , August 13, 2013
  • Military Justice: Courts-Martial, An Overview , August 12, 2013
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Other Mental Health Problems in the Military: Oversight Issues for Congress , August 8, 2013
  • National Security Strategy: Mandates, Execution to Date, and Issues for Congress , August 6, 2013
  • The 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force: Background in Brief , memorandum for Rep. Barbara Lee, July 10, 2013
  • "Fast Track" Legislative Procedures Governing Congressional Consideration of a Defense Base Closure and Realignment (BRAC) Commission Report , June 10, 2013
  • Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues , May 30, 2013
  • Department of Defense's Use of Contractors to Support Military Operations: Background, Analysis, and Issues for Congress , May 17, 2013
  • Recruiting and Retention: An Overview of FY2011 and FY2012 Results for Active and Reserve Component Enlisted Personnel , May 10, 2013
  • No-Fly Zones: Strategic, Operational, and Legal Considerations for Congress , May 3, 2013
  • Department of Defense Implementation of the Federal Data Center Consolidation Initiative: Implications for Federal Information Technology Reform Management , April 23, 2013
  • Foreign Investment and National Security: Economic Considerations , April 4, 2013
  • Integration of Drones into Domestic Airspace: Selected Legal Issues , April 4, 2013
  • Drones in Domestic Surveillance Operations: Fourth Amendment Implications and Legislative Responses , April 3, 2013
  • The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment , March 29, 2013
  • A Unified National Security Budget? Issues for Congress , March 14, 2013
  • Department of Defense Trends in Overseas Contract Obligations , March 1, 2013
  • Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC): Transfer and Disposal of Military Property , February 28, 2013
  • Congressional Authority to Limit Military Operations , February 19, 2013
  • Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Manufacturing Trends , January 30, 2013
  • Department of Defense Food Procurement: Background and Status , January 24, 2013
  • FY2013 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues , January 16, 2013
  • The Unified Command Plan and Combatant Commands: Background and Issues for Congress , January 3, 2013
  • DOD Alternative Fuels: Policy, Initiatives and Legislative Activity , December 14, 2012
  • Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress , Decembr 10, 2012
  • In Brief: Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan? Issues for Congress , December 6, 2012
  • Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians , December 6, 2012
  • DOD Purchase of Renewable Energy Credits Under the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012 , November 27, 2012
  • The Use of Federal Troops for Disaster Assistance: Legal Issues , updated November 5, 2012
  • 2012-2013 Presidential Election Period: National Security Considerations and Options , October 5, 2012
  • Peacekeeping/Stabilization and Conflict Transitions: Background and Congressional Action on the Civilian Response/Reserve Corps and Other Civilian Stabilization and Reconstruction Capabilities , October 2, 2012
  • War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance , September 25, 2012
  • National Security and Emergency Preparedness Communications: A Summary of Executive Order 13618 , September 19, 2012
  • Pilotless Drones: Background and Considerations for Congress Regarding Unmanned Aircraft Operations in the National Airspace System , September 10, 2012
  • Defense: FY2013 Authorization and Appropriations , September 5, 2012
  • The U.S. Military Presence in Okinawa and the Futenma Base Controversy , January 20, 2016
  • Military Construction: A Snapshot of the President's FY2013 Appropriations Request , June 22, 2012
  • The Navy Biofuel Initiative Under the Defense Production Act , June 22, 2012
  • Legal Issues Related to the Lethal Targeting of U.S. Citizens Suspected of Terrorist Activities , May 4, 2012
  • In Brief: Clarifying the Concept of "Partnership" in National Security , May 4, 2012
  • FY2013 Defense Budget Request: Overview and Context , April 20, 2012
  • Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama Administration's "Rebalancing" Toward Asia , March 28, 2012
  • Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA): What Is It, and How Has It Been Utilized? , March 15, 2012
  • War Powers Litigation Initiated by Members of Congress Since the Enactment of the War Powers Resolution , February 17, 2012
  • Defense: FY2012 Budget Request, Authorization and Appropriations , February 13, 2012
  • Military Base Closure: Socioeconomic Impacts , February 7, 2012
  • A Historical Perspective on "Hollow Forces" , January 31, 2012
  • The Army Corps of Engineers' Nationwide Permits Program: Issues and Regulatory Developments , January 30, 2012
  • FY2012 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues , January 5, 2012
  • Presidential Signing Statements: Constitutional and Institutional Implications , January 4, 2012
  • U.S. Unmanned Aerial Systems , January 3, 2012
  • The National Security Council: An Organizational Assessment , December 28, 2011
  • Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies: FY2012 Appropriations , December 21, 2011
  • Army Corps Fiscal Challenges: Frequently Asked Questions , December 15, 2011
  • Detainee Provisions in the National Defense Authorization Bills , December 8, 2011
  • Wartime Contracting in Afghanistan: Analysis and Issues for Congress , November 14, 2011
  • The Arsenal Act: Context and Legislative History , October 28, 2011
  • National Security Professionals and Interagency Reform: Proposals, Recent Experience, and Issues for Congress , September 26, 2011
  • Africa Command: U.S. Strategic Interests and the Role of the U.S. Military in Africa , July 22, 2011
  • Military Construction: Analysis of the FY2012 Appropriation and Authorization , July 13, 2011
  • Department of Defense Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Background and Analysis , May 13, 2011
  • The Department of Defense's Use of Private Security Contractors in Afghanistan and Iraq: Background, Analysis, and Options for Congress , May 13, 2011
  • Building the Capacity of Partner States Through Security Force Assistance , May 5, 2011
  • Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya): Background and Issues for Congress , March 30, 2011
  • Department of Defense "Section 1207" Security and Stabilization Assistance: Background and Congressional Concerns , March 3, 2011
  • Guantanamo Detention Center: Legislative Activity in the 111th Congress , January 13, 2011
  • Economics and National Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy , January 4, 2011
  • The Stuxnet Computer Worm: Harbinger of an Emerging Warfare Capability , December 9, 2010
  • Defense: FY2011 Authorization and Appropriations , November 23, 2010
  • Defense Acquisition: Use of Lead System Integrators (LSIs) -- Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress , October 8, 2010
  • Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies: FY2011 Appropriations , October 1, 2010
  • Defense Logistical Support Contracts in Iraq and Afghanistan: Issues for Congress , September 20, 2010
  • Preliminary assessment of efficiency initiatives announced by Secretary of Defense Gates on August 9, 2010 , August 12, 2010
  • Conversion from the National Security Personnel System to Other Pay Schedules: Issues for Congress , July 15, 2010
  • FY2011 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues , July 9, 2010
  • Costs of Major U.S. Wars , June 29, 2010
  • Quadrennial Defense Review 2010: Overview and Implications for National Security Planning , May 17, 2010
  • The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Six Years , April 22, 2010
  • The Defense Base Act (DBA): The Federally Mandated Workers� Compensation System for Overseas Government Contractors , April 9, 2010
  • Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court , February 3, 2010
  • Inherently Governmental Functions and Department of Defense Operations: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress , February 1, 2010
  • Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Legal Issues , January 7, 2010
  • Defense: FY2010 Authorization and Appropriations , December 14, 2009
  • Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies: FY2010 Appropriations , December 10, 2009
  • Cybersecurity: Current Legislation, Executive Branch Initiatives, and Options for Congress , September 30, 2009
  • Military Recruitment on High School and College Campuses: A Policy and Legal Analysis , September 22, 2009
  • Department of Defense Fuel Spending, Supply, Acquisition, and Policy , September 22, 2009
  • Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture , September 8, 2009
  • FY2010 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues , August 27, 2009
  • The Military Commissions Act of 2006: Background and Proposed Amendments , August 11, 2009
  • Special Operations Forces (SOF) and CIA Paramilitary Operations: Issues for Congress , August 3, 2009
  • Homosexuals and U.S. Military Policy: Current Issues , July 22, 2009
  • FY2009 Spring Supplemental Appropriations for Overseas Contingency Operations , July 15, 2009
  • U.S.-Iraq Withdrawal/Status of Forces Agreement: Issues for Congressional Oversight , July 13, 2009
  • U.S. Military Stop Loss Program: Key Questions and Answers , July 10, 2009
  • Troop Levels in the Afghan and Iraq Wars, FY2001-FY2012: Cost and Other Potential Issues , July 2, 2009
  • The Role of the Department of Defense During a Flu Pandemic , June 4, 2009
  • Military Installation Real Property and Services: Proposed Legislation in the 111th Congress , June 4, 2009
  • Defense Production Act: Purpose and Scope , May 14, 2009
  • Analysis of Legislative Proposals Addressing Guantanamo Detainees , May 11, 2009
  • Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress , updated April 2, 2009
  • National Special Security Events , updated March 24, 2009
  • Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative: Legal Authorities and Policy Considerations , March 10, 2009
  • Defense: FY2009 Authorization and Appropriations , updated February 25, 2009
  • Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies: FY2009 Appropriations , updated February 25, 2009
  • Department of Defense Facilities Energy Conservation Policies and Spending , February 19, 2009
  • Training the Military to Manage Contractors During Expeditionary Operations: Overview and Options for Congress , December 17, 2008
  • Organizing the U.S. Government for National Security: Overview of the Interagency Reform Debates , updated December 16, 2008
  • The Department of Defense Role in Foreign Assistance: Background, Major Issues, and Options for Congress , updated December 9, 2008
  • Military Base Closures: Cleanup of Contaminated Properties for Civilian Reuse , updated November 19, 2008
  • FY2009 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues , updated September 30, 2008
  • Pay-for-Performance: The National Security Personnel System , September 17, 2008
  • The Department of Defense, Science and Technology Program: An Analysis, FY1998-FY2007 , September 12, 2008
  • Boumediene v. Bush: Guantanamo Detainees' Right to Habeas Corpus , updated September 8, 2008
  • Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status, and Other Issues , updated August 25, 2008
  • Financing Issues and Economic Effects of American Wars , updated July 29, 2008
  • Department of Defense Fuel Costs in Iraq , July 23, 2008
  • High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and High Power Microwave (HPM) Devices: Threat Assessments , updated July 21, 2008
  • U.S. Forces in Afghanistan , updated July 15, 2008
  • U.S.-Iraq Strategic Framework and Status of Forces Agreement: Congressional Response , July 11, 2008
  • Second FY2008 Supplemental Appropriations for Military Operations, International Affairs, and Other Purposes , updated May 30, 2008
  • 2008-2009 Presidential Transition: National Security Considerations and Options , April 21, 2008
  • Avatars, Virtual Reality Technology, and the U.S. Military: Emerging Policy Issues , April 9, 2008
  • Military Death Benefits: Status and Proposals , March 26, 2008
  • The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Four Years , updated March 10, 2008
  • Congressional Authority To Limit U.S. Military Operations in Iraq , updated February 27, 2008
  • FY2009 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress , February 11, 2008
  • United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress , updated January 30, 2008
  • Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement , updated January 24, 2008
  • Defense: FY2008 Authorization and Appropriations , updated January 23, 2008
  • Does the Army Need a Full-Spectrum Force or Specialized Units? Background and Issues for Congress , January 18, 2008
  • National Guard Personnel and Deployments: Fact Sheet , updated January 17, 2008
  • Foreign Ownership of U.S. Financial Assets: Implications of a Withdrawal , January 14, 2008
  • How Long Can the Defense Department Finance FY2008 Operations in Advance of Supplemental Appropriations? , updated December 19, 2007
  • FY2008 Supplemental Appropriations for Global War on Terror Military Operations, International Affairs, and Other Purposes , updated December 19, 2007
  • The U.S.-Australia Treaty on Defense Trade Cooperation , December 12, 2007
  • Operation Iraqi Freedom and Detainee Issues: Major Votes from the 110th Congress , updated November 27, 2007
  • The Military Commissions Act of 2006: Analysis of Procedural Rules and Comparison with Previous DOD Rules and the Uniform Code of Military Justice , updated September 27, 2007
  • The FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues , updated September 17, 2007
  • Comparison of 'Wounded Warrior' Legislation: H.R. 1538 as Passed in the House and Senate , July 27, 2007
  • Exon-Florio Foreign Investment Provision: Comparison of H.R. 556 and S. 1610 , updated July 13, 2007
  • FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes , updated July 2, 2007
  • Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy -- Background, Issues, and Options for Congress , updated June 15, 2007
  • The Department of Defense: Reducing Its Reliance on Fossil-Based Aviation Fuel -- Issues for Congress , June 15, 2007
  • Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies: FY2008 Appropriations , June 12, 2007
  • Exemptions from Environmental Law for the Department of Defense: An Overview of Congressional Action , updated May 15, 2007
  • Oversight of Dual-Use Biological Research: The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity , updated April 27, 2007
  • Information Operations, Electronic Warfare, and Cyberwar: Capabilities and Related Policy Issues , updated March 20, 2007
  • Network Centric Operations: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress , updated March 15, 2007
  • The Whistleblower Protection Act: An Overview , March 12, 2007
  • Military Construction, Military Quality of Life and Veterans Affairs: FY2007 Appropriations , updated March 6, 2007
  • U.S. Military Dispositions: Fact Sheet , updated January 30, 2007
  • U.S. Army's Modular Redesign: Issues for Congress , updated January 24, 2007
  • Exon-Florio Foreign Investment Provision: Comparison of H.R. 5337 and S. 3549 , updated January 24, 2007
  • Congressional Use of Funding Cutoffs Since 1970 Involving U.S. Military Forces and Overseas Deployments , updated January 16, 2007
  • Congressional Restrictions on U.S. Military Operations in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Somalia, and Kosovo: Funding and Non-Funding Approaches , January 16, 2007
  • Authorization For Use Of Military Force in Response to the 9/11 Attacks (P.L. 107-40): Legislative History , January 16, 2007
  • U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean: Background and Issues for Congress , updated January 3, 2007
  • Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 110th Congress , December 20, 2006
  • Homeland Security: Evolving Roles and Missions of United States Northern Command , updated November 16, 2006
  • Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress , updated November 9, 2006
  • The Department of Defense Rules for Military Commissions: Analysis of Procedural Rules and Comparison with Proposed Legislation and the Uniform Code of Military Justice , updated September 25, 2006
  • Selected Procedural Safeguards in Federal, Military, and International Courts , updated September 18, 2006
  • Defense: FY2007 Authorization and Appropriations , updated September 5, 2006
  • U.S. Conventional Forces and Nuclear Deterrence: A China Case Study , August 11, 2006
  • U.S. Military Space Programs: An Overview of Appropriations and Current Issues , updated August 7, 2006
  • Comparison of Procedural Rules in Criminal Proceedings , July 26, 2006
  • The FY2007 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues , July 21, 2006
  • Treasury's Terrorist Finance Program's Access to Information Held by the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) , July 7, 2006
  • Hamdan v. Rumsfeld : Military Commissions in the "Global War on Terrorism" , July 6, 2006
  • Army Officer Shortages: Background and Issues for Congress , July 5, 2006
  • Military Operations: Precedents for Funding Contingency Operations in Regular or in Supplemental Appropriations Bills , June 13, 2006
  • POWs and MIAs: Status and Accounting Issues , June 1, 2006
  • FY2006 Supplemental Appropriations: Iraq and Other International Activities; Additional Katrina Hurricane Relief , updated April 14, 2006
  • U.S. Occupation Assistance: Iraq, Germany and Japan Compared , March 23, 2006
  • Transnational Organized Crime: Principal Threats and U.S. Responses , March 20, 2006
  • Military Retirement: Major Legislative Issues , updated March 14, 2006
  • Military Base Closures and Affected Defense Department Civil Service Employees , March 7, 2006
  • The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment , updated February 23, 2006
  • Air Force Transformation , updated January 18, 2006
  • Naval Transformation: Background and Issues for Congress , updated January 17, 2006
  • National Security Whistleblowers , December 30, 2005
  • U.S. Military Overseas Basing: New Developments and Oversight Issues for Congress , October 31, 2005
  • Hurricane Katrina: DOD Disaster Response , September 19, 2005
  • Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1997-2004 , August 29, 2005
  • U.S. Military Operations in the Global War on Terrorism: Afghanistan, Africa, the Philippines, and Colombia , August 26, 2005
  • Detainees at Guantanamo Bay , updated July 20, 2005
  • Defense: FY2006 Authorization and Appropriations , updated July 15, 2005
  • Vieques and Culebra Islands: An Analysis of Cleanup Status and Costs , updated July 7, 2005
  • The Availability of Judicial Review Regarding Military Base Closures and Realignments , June 30, 2005
  • Defense Outsourcing: The OMB Circular A-76 Policy , updated June 30, 2005
  • Water Resources Development Act (WRDA): Army Corps of Engineers Authorization Issues in the 109th Congress , updated June 17, 2005
  • Military Pay and Benefits: Key Questions and Answers , updated June 15, 2005
  • United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress , updated June 10, 2005
  • Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Program: Issues for the 109th Congress , updated June 9, 2005
  • POWs and MIAs: Status and Accounting Issues , updated June 8, 2005
  • The Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: A Sketch , updated June 6, 2005
  • Military Base Closures: Implementing the 2005 Round , updated June 1, 2005
  • Navy Network-Centric Warfare Concept: Key Programs and Issues for Congress , updated May 31, 2005
  • Terrorism: Some Legal Restrictions on Military Assistance to Domestic Authorities Following a Terrorist Attack , updated May 27, 2005
  • "Fast Track" Congressional Consideration of Recommendations of the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission , May 12, 2005
  • High Performance Computers and Export Control Policy: Issues for Congress , updated May 5, 2005
  • Detention of American Citizens , April 28, 2005
  • U.S. Military and Iraqi Casualty Statistics: Additional Numbers and Explanations , April 26, 2005
  • Defense Budget: Long-Term Challenges for FY2006 and Beyond , April 20, 2005
  • Administrative Subpoenas and National Security Letters in Criminal and Foreign Intelligence Investigations: Background and Proposed Adjustments , April 15, 2005
  • Administrative Subpoenas and National Security Letters in Criminal and Intelligence Investigations: A Sketch , April 15, 2005
  • Military Construction in Support of Afghanistan and Iraq , April 11, 2005
  • Detention of American Citizens as Enemy Combatants , updated March 31, 2005
  • Nomination and Confirmation of the FBI Director: Process and Recent History , updated March 17, 2005
  • U.S. Defense Articles and Services Supplied to Foreign Recipients: Restrictions on Their Use , updated March 14, 2005
  • The Cost of Operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Enhanced Security , updated March 14, 2005
  • DOD's National Security Personnel System: Provisions of Law and Implementation Plans , updated March 11, 2005
  • Military Base Closures: The 2005 BRAC Commission , March 11, 2005
  • Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC): Property Transfer and Disposal , February 23, 2005
  • Creating a National Framework for Cybersecurity: An Analysis of Issues and Options , February 22, 2005
  • Operations Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom: Questions and Answers About U.S. Military Personnel, Compensation, and Force Structure , updated February 16, 2005
  • Homeland Security: Defending U.S. Airspace , updated February 11, 2005
  • Military Forces: What is the Appropriate Size for the United States? , updated February 10, 2005
  • The Civil Works Program of the Army Corps of Engineers: A Primer , updated February 3, 2005
  • Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy , updated January 19, 2005
  • Monitoring Foreign Students in the United States: The Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) , updated January 14, 2005
  • Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade: Key Issues for the 109th Congress , December 27, 2004
  • Authorization and Appropriations for FY2005: Defense , updated December 14, 2004
  • U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1996-2003 , December 8, 2004
  • U.S. Military Overseas Basing: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress , November 17, 2004
  • Military Base Closures: A Historical Review from 1988 to 1995 , updated October 18, 2004
  • Military Role in Space Control: A Primer , September 23, 2004
  • FY2005 Defense Budget: Frequently Asked Questions , July 12, 2004
  • Military Tribunals: Historical Patterns and Lessons , July 9, 2004
  • Military Courts-Martial: An Overview , May 26, 2004
  • Policing in Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Problems and Proposed Solutions , updated March 30, 2004
  • Comparisons of U.S. and Foreign Military Spending: Data from Selected Public Sources , January 28, 2004
  • Expedited Citizenship Through Military Service: Policy and Issues , updated September 30, 2003
  • Research and Development in the Department of Homeland Security , updated June 20, 2003
  • Homeland Security: The Department of Defense's Role , updated May 14, 2003
  • Homeland Security and the Reserves: Threat, Mission and Force Structure Issues , September 10, 2002
  • FY2004 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Global War on Terrorism: Military Operations & Reconstruction Assistance , updated October 15, 2003
  • Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade: Key Issues for the 108th Congress , January 3, 2003
  • U.S. Use of Preemptive Military Force , updated April 11, 2003
  • The Military Draft and a Possible War with Iraq , December 31, 2002
  • The Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: The Use of the Military to Execute Civilian Law , updated June 1, 2000
  • A Defense Budget Primer , December 9, 1998
  • Special Access Programs and the Defense Budget: Understanding the "Black Budget" , October 24, 1989

IMAGES

  1. Crs Reports- Afghanistan, Congressional Research Service

    congressional research service reports afghanistan

  2. File:Congressional Research Service Report R45122

    congressional research service reports afghanistan

  3. Afghanistan and Narcotics:: Two Reports by the Congressional Research

    congressional research service reports afghanistan

  4. New Report From Congressional Research Service (CRS): “US. Military

    congressional research service reports afghanistan

  5. Afghanistan: Background And U.S. Policy: In Brief (Congressional

    congressional research service reports afghanistan

  6. Afghanistan: Understanding the Post-Karzai Partnership

    congressional research service reports afghanistan

COMMENTS

  1. Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy

    Congressional Research Service 1 Introduction This report provides background information and analysis on developments in Afghanistan and implications for U.S. policy, including • the Taliban's government and the impact of their rule on terrorist groups, human rights, and the ability of U.S. Afghan partners to leave the country;

  2. Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action

    Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action Since the Taliban returned to power in 2021, the already precarious status of Afghan women and girls has deteriorated dramatically. Increasing Taliban restrictions have severely reduced the ability of women to participate in Afghan public life.

  3. Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy

    Congressional Research Service SUMMARY Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy Afghanistan has been a significant U.S. foreign policy concern since 2001, when the United States, in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led a military campaign against Al Qaeda and the Taliban government that harbored and supported it.

  4. PDF Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

    Congressional Research Service 1 Background Afghanistan has a history of a high degree of decentralization, and resistance to foreign invasion and occupation. Some have termed it the "graveyard of empires." 18th Century to the early 20th Century Afghanistan's modern history is generally considered to begin with the 1747 foundation of the

  5. PDF Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance

    7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21922 Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance Congressional Research Service Summary The capacity, transparency, legitimacy, and cohesiveness of Afghan governance are crucial to Afghan stability as nearly all international forces exit Afghanistan by the end of 2016.

  6. PDF Congressional Research Service Afghanistan Report

    Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy Congressional Research Service 1 Background Afghanistan has a history of a high degree of decentralization, and resistance to foreign invasion and occupation. Some have termed it the "graveyard of empires." From Early History to the 19th Century

  7. Report to Congress on Afghanistan and U.S. Policy

    The following is the Dec. 1, 2022, Congressional Research Service report, Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy in Brief. From the report The aftershocks of Afghanistan's watershed year of 2021 continue to reverberate within Afghanistan, throughout its region, and in the United States.

  8. Report to Congress on U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan

    Congress Industry Personnel Documents Report to Congress on U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan U.S. Naval Institute Staff March 31, 2021 8:07 AM - Updated: April 1, 2021 12:27 PM The following is the March. 25, 2021 Congressional Research Service report, Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy In Brief.

  9. Report to Congress on Afghanistan and U.S. Policy

    Congress Industry Personnel Documents Report to Congress on Afghanistan and U.S. Policy U.S. Naval Institute Staff December 6, 2023 9:40 AM The following is the Dec. 4, 2022, Congressional Research Service report, Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy in Brief. From the report

  10. PDF Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians

    The United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan (UNAMA) reports casualty data of Afghan civilians semiannually, and the U.S. Department of Defense occasionally includes civilian casualty figures within its reports on Afghanistan.

  11. Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy in Brief

    Women and Girls. Taliban actions have been detrimental for the status of women and girls in Afghanistan, a longtime U.S. policy concern, with girls prohibited from attending school at the secondary level and women's roles drastically curtailed. Relocating U.S. Partners.

  12. What We Need to Learn: Lessons from Twenty Years of Afghanistan

    After spending $145 billion trying to rebuild Afghanistan, the U.S. government has many lessons to learn. ... Data from FY 2002 through 2017 come from Congressional Research Service reports. Data from FY 2018 and FY 2019 come from the Brookings Institution, as no U.S. government data on U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan are publicly available ...

  13. Republic of Afghanistan

    Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy In Brief - February 2023, December 2022, March 2021; The Middle East, North Africa, and Afghanistan: Selected Issues for the 118th Congress - January 2023; Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy - Dec. 2017; Foreign Government Reports

  14. Report on Afghanistan

    The Congressional Research Service (CRS) has updated its Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy in Brief publication. This PDF is published periodically and provides a brief history of the two-decade long U.S. involvement in the Afghan conflict and then examines the past events since the fall of Kabul to the Taliban on August 15, 2021. Contents:

  15. PDF Department of Defense Contractors in Afghanistan and Iraq: Background

    CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Department of Defense Contractors in Afghanistan and Iraq: Background and Analysis Moshe Schwartz Specialist in Defense Acquisition Joyprada Swain Research Associate May 13, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40764

  16. U.S. Military Withdrawal and Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan

    Congressional Research Service SUMMARY U.S. Military Withdrawal and Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan: Frequently Asked Questions On August 15, 2021, the Taliban entered the Afghan capital of Kabul, completing a rapid takeover over the country with a speed that surprised many Afghans and Americans alike.

  17. U.S. military casualties and the costs of war: Iraq, Afghanistan and

    Of course, the number of service members killed in action is central to any such analysis. A February 2013 Congressional Research Service report, "U.S. Military Casualty Statistics: Operation New Dawn, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom," updates data relating to the post 9/11 conflicts, including the numbers of wounded ...

  18. Report to Congress on U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan

    The following is the Feb. 26, 2019 Congressional Research Service report, Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy In Brief. From the report

  19. Congressional Research Service Reports on Foreign Policy and Regional

    Congressional Research Service Reports on Foreign Policy and Regional Affairs Policy Issues Global Health Security: Background and Issues for Congress, CRS In Focus, February 9, 2024 U.S. Proposals to Amend the International Health Regulations, CRS In Focus, updated February 1, 2024

  20. Taliban Government in Afghanistan: Background and Issues for Congress

    November 2, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46955 Congressional Research Service SUMMARY Taliban Government in Afghanistan: Background and Issues for Congress On September 7, 2021, the Taliban announced a "caretaker government" to rule Afghanistan.

  21. February 2024 CRS Reports of Potential Interest (Part 1)

    Welcome to part one of our regular bi-monthly summary of recent Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports and primers on a range of defense, weapon system, acquisition, sustainment, product support, and supply chain management-related topics.

  22. Product Details R45122

    These documents were prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.

  23. Congressional Research Service Reports

    Congressional Research Service Reports on General National Security Topics CRS Defense Primers. U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts, updated February 5, 2024; War Crimes: A Primer, CRS Legal Sidebar, updated February 2, 2024; The International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use, updated January 30, 2024; Renewed Great Power Competition: Implications for ...

  24. H.R.7362

    Summary of H.R.7362 - 118th Congress (2023-2024): To establish cooperative agreements for wildland fire research, and for other purposes.

  25. Report to Congress on Afghanistan and U.S. Policy

    Congress Industry Personnel Documents Report to Congress on Afghanistan and U.S. Policy U.S. Naval Institute Staff March 1, 2023 9:35 AM The following is the Feb. 28, 2022, Congressional Research Service report, Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy in Brief. From the report

  26. Product Details IF12592

    These documents were prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.

  27. Product Details LSB11115

    Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (February 5-February 11, 2024) Report#: LSB11115

  28. Navy Virginia-Class Submarine Program and AUKUS Submarine Proposal

    Congressional Research Service 1 Introduction This report provides background information and issues for Congress on • the Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) ... Congressional Research Service, before the House Armed Services Committee Subcommittee on Seapower and Expeditionary Forces Hearing on Submarine Force ...