Getting a Django Application to 100% Test Coverage

Configuring coverage.py, the run section.

When you come to a fork in the road, take it. — Yogi Berra

The Report Section

Template coverage, using coverage in tests, with django’s test runner.

The two customizations are the blocks before and after the execute_from_command_line block, guarded with if running_tests: .

You need to add manage.py to omit in the configuration file, since it runs before coverage starts. For example:

(It's fine, and good, to put them on multiple lines. Ignore the furious red from my blog's syntax highlighter.)

The .report() method doesn’t exit for us like the commandline method does. Instead we do our own test on the returned covered amount. This means we can remove fail_under from the [coverage:report] section in our configuration file.

With pytest

Browsing the coverage html report.

This creates a folder called htmlcov . Open up htmlcov/index.html and you’ll see something like this:

Click on an individual file to see line by line coverage information:

Django itself uses this on its Jenkins test server. See the “HTML Coverage Report” on the djangoci.com project django-coverage .

With PyCharm

Is 100% (branch) coverage too much.

IF YOU’RE HAVING CONCURRENCY PROBLEMS I FEEL BAD FOR YOU SON 99 AIN’T GOT I BUT PROBLEMS CONCURRENCY ONE —[@quinnypig on Twitter]( https://twitter.com/QuinnyPig/status/1110567694837800961 )

Thanks to Aidas Bendoraitis for reviewing this post.

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How to Measure Django Code Quality Using SonarQube, Pytest, and Coverage

Greetings, fellow coding enthusiasts!

We're going to dive deep into the realm of Django code quality assessment. In this comprehensive guide, I'll walk you through an in-depth approach to measuring the code quality of your Django-based application.

By the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:

  • Build CRUD APIs using Django and DRF (Django REST Framework)
  • Write automated tests for the APIs using Pytest
  • Measure code test coverage using Coverage
  • Utilize SonarQube to assess code quality, identify code smells, security vulnerabilities, and more

Prerequisites to follow along in this tutorial include:

  • Python 3 installation on your chosen Operating System (OS). We'll use Python 3.10 in this tutorial.
  • Basic knowledge of Python and Django
  • Any code editor of your choice

Without any further delay, let's jump right in and get started.

How to Get the APIs Up and Running

To begin, open your Terminal or bash. Create a directory or folder for your project using the command:

In my case, the folder name is "django-quality".

To isolate the project dependencies, we need to utilize a Python virtual environment.

To create a virtual environment, use the following command in your Terminal or bash:

Activate the virtualenv by running this command:

If everything works fine, you should see the virtual environment indicator enclosed in brackets, similar to the image shown below:

venv-activated

At the root directory of your project, create a folder called "requirements" that will house the external packages required for various development stages, such as dev (development) and staging.

Inside the "requirements" folder, create two files: " base.txt " and " dev.txt ". The "base.txt" file will include generic packages required by the application, while the "dev.txt" file will contain dependencies specific to development mode.

By now, the contents in your project folder should have the following structure

Here are the updated contents for the "base.txt" and "dev.txt" files:

  • djangorestframework: Used for API development.
  • drf-spectacular : Used for automated documentation of the APIs.
  • pytest-cov: Utilized for measuring code coverage during testing.
  • pytest-factoryboy: Used for creating test data using factory patterns.

Make sure your virtual environment is activated, then run the following command at the root directory to install the dependencies specified in "dev.txt":

To create a new Django project, you can run the following command:

The name of the project is 'core'. You can decide to use any suitable name that fits your use case.

By now, you should see a couple of files and folders automatically created after running the command.

Here is the current project structure:

project-folder-structurefold-min

The APIs we will create will be a basic blog API with CRUD functionality. Let's create a new app within the project to host all the files related to the blog features.

Run this command to create a new app called 'blog':

By now, a new folder named 'blog' has been auto-created by the command.

Here is the folder structure:

Update the models.py file in the blog folder. The Blog class defines the database schema for the blog.

blog/models.py

Create a new file named 'serializers.py' inside the 'blog' folder and update its content as shown below:

blog/serializers.py

The BlogSerializer class is utilized for validating incoming blog data sent by the client (such as from the frontend or mobile app) to ensure it adheres to the expected format.

Additionally, the serializer class is used for both serialization (converting Python objects to a transmittable format like JSON) and deserialization (converting a transmittable format like JSON back to Python objects).

Let's create the view to handle CRUD functionality, leveraging the DRF ModelViewSet to effortlessly create APIs with just a few lines of code.

blog/views.py

Create a new file named 'blog.urls' in the 'blog' folder.

By utilizing the DRF router for URL configuration, the URLs are automatically generated based on the allowed methods defined in the BlogViewSet .

blog/urls.py

The next step is to register the urls.py file defined in the 'blog' app within the main project's urls.py file. To do this, you should locate the project's urls.py file, which serves as the starting point for URL routing.

core/urls.py

The api/v1/blogs/ URL is mapped to the URLs defined in blog.urls . Additionally, other URLs are utilized for automated API documentation.

Update the settings.py file located inside the core folder. This file contains configurations for the Django application.

In the INSTALLED_APPS section, register the newly created 'blog' app, along with any desired third-party apps. Note that for brevity, the default Django apps are not included in the following list:

settings.py

Update the settings.py file to include configurations related to Django REST Framework (DRF) and documentation.

With all the necessary configurations in place, let's run the migrations command to ensure that the models in the application are synchronized with the database schema.

Execute the following commands in the root directory to synchronize the models with the database schema:

To start the development server, run the following command:

dev-server

The application is now running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ . To access the documentation, visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/doc/ .

blog-doc-min-1--1

How to Write Automated Tests with Pytest

Pytest, the testing tool we're using for writing automated tests, is included as part of the dependencies declared in the requirement folder. Now, let's write some tests and explore its functionality.

In the blog folder, a file named "tests.py" is automatically generated when starting the blog app. To organize the tests, create a new folder called "tests" within the blog directory.

Move the initial "tests.py" file into the newly created "tests" folder. To make the "tests" folder a module, create an empty file named " __init__.py ".

Create a new file named 'conftest.py' inside the 'tests' folder. This file will store any pytest fixtures (that is, reusable components) required during the test writing process.

Test folder structure:

tests/conftests.py

The api_client() is a Pytest fixture utilized for making actual API calls.

Create a new file named 'factories.py'. This file will include the factories used during test writing. Factories provide a convenient way to create objects (that is, model instances) without the need to specify all attributes each time.

tests/factories.py

tests/tests.py

The TestBlogCRUD class tests the CRUD functionalities of the application. The class defines four methods, each testing a specific CRUD functionality.

Create a Pytest configuration file named pytest.ini in the root directory. This file will contain settings that instruct Pytest on how to locate the test files.

To run the tests, execute the pytest command in the root directory as shown below:

pytest-output

The test results indicate that all four test cases have passed successfully.

As of the time of writing, two popular tools used in the Python community for reporting test coverage in a codebase are Coverage and pytest-cov.

In our case, we'll be using pytest-cov for its flexibility when it comes to reporting test coverage.

Create a new file named 'setup.cfg' in the root directory. This file serves as the configuration file for coverage.

The source value in the [coverage:run] section specifies the root directory location from which test coverage will be measured.

In addition to statement coverage in the test report, branch coverage identifies uncovered branches when using conditional statements (for example if, else, case).

Note: It is possible to specify folders to omit from test coverage, such as migration folders, in the setup.cfg file. We will configure these settings in SonarQube.

Let's rerun the test cases using the following command:

The --cov-report option specifies the format of the coverage report. Various formats like HTML, XML, JSON, and so on are supported. In this case, we specify xml because it is supported by SonarQube.

Screenshot-from-2023-07-13-05-20-43-min

For HTML format, a folder named 'htmlcov' will be generated in the root directory. This folder contains the 'index.html' file, which allows you to visualize the coverage results and areas that are not covered.

How to Setup SonarQube

SonarQube is a tool used for static code analysis. It helps in identifying code quality issues, bugs, vulnerabilities, and code smells in software projects.

To simplify the process, we can run a Docker container based on the SonarQube image.

Execute the following command in the command line:

After a few moments, depending on your internet speed, visit http://0.0.0.0:9000/ .

You can use the following login credentials to access the application: Username: admin Password: admin

Next, you need to download Sonar Scanner. Visit this link and select the option that is compatible with your operating system (OS).

sonar-scanner

Unzip the sonar-scanner and move it from the 'Downloads' folder to a secure directory .

Add the following lines to the content of the sonar-scanner.properties file located at /opt/sonar-scanner/conf/sonar-scanner.properties :

Add these two lines and save the file:

Add /opt/sonar-scanner/bin to the system's PATH environment variable by executing this command:

Update the content of .bashrc:

Add this line to the .bashrc file and save it:

Run the following command to apply the changes to your current terminal session:

To ensure that everything is functioning properly, execute the following command:

scanner2

Navigate to the 'Projects' tab on the SonarQube dashboard and proceed to manually create a new project.

WhatsApp-Image-2023-07-13-at-06.22.56

Provide a suitable name for the project, then select the option "Use the global setting" before proceeding to create the project.

create-suitable-name

After creating the project, you will be prompted to select the analysis method for your project. Choose the 'Locally' option.

WhatsApp-Image-2023-07-13-at-06.34.22

After selecting the 'Locally' option, you will be required to generate a token. Click on 'Continue' to proceed. Next, select the programming language of your project and the operating system (OS) it will be running on.

lang-os

Copy the command displayed, as we'll use it to execute the analysis for the project.

WhatsApp-Image-2023-07-13-at-06.38.29

Here is the content of the command:

Note: We have added an additional line to the command to specify the Python version as -Dsonar.python.version=3 .

Before executing the analysis command, follow these steps:

  • Click on "Project Settings" and then select "General Settings".
  • Next, navigate to the "Analysis Scope" tab.

source-file-exclusion

Source File Exclusions are used to specify files or folders that SonarQube should not analyze as part of the codebase. These may include files or directories that are not directly part of the code but are still present in the project directory.

Some common examples of such files or folders are:

  • venv (virtualenv)
  • htmlcov (coverage HTML format)
  • node_modules (Node.js modules directory)

Code Coverage Exclusions are used to specify files or folders that should be excluded when calculating the coverage percentage.

Here are the patterns for the files and folders ignored: **/tests/**, **/migrations/**, **/admin.py, **/apps.py, core/asgi.py, core/wsgi.py, manage.py

Screenshot-from-2023-07-13-06-55-38

On the "Languages" tab, select "Python" as the programming language for the project. Then update the path to the coverage report as " coverage .xml".

uo

Execute the previously provided command at the root directory:

If everything is functioning properly, you should see a successful result.

sonarsuccess

If you encounter errors related to unauthorized access or permission issues when trying to analyze a project locally, follow these steps:

  • Visit the SonarQube Administrator interface.
  • Navigate to the 'Security' section.
  • Look for the option labeled 'Force user authentication' and disable it.
  • Save the changes and rerun the analysis using the previous command.

force-user-auth

Another way to troubleshoot any errors is to visit the warning notifications and check for any errors encountered during the project analysis.

WhatsApp-Image-2023-07-13-at-07.50.30

Click on "Overall Code" to access the overall code analysis section:

Screenshot-from-2023-07-13-07-18-26-1

Wrapping Up

The complete source code for this project is available on Github .

Remember to create a .gitignore file in the root directory of your GitHub repository to specify files and directories that should be ignored and not committed.

This article has explored the process of measuring Django code quality using powerful tools such as SonarQube, Pytest, and Coverage. By integrating these tools, you can gain insights into code health, write effective tests, and ensure adequate code coverage.

Applying these practices enhances code quality, resulting in efficient development processes and high-quality software.

If you enjoyed this article, you can check out my video collection on YouTube to find more fun stuff to learn. And follow me on LinkedIn

References:

  • https://github.com/amirajoodani/sonarqube
  • https://docs.sonarsource.com/sonarqube/latest/analyzing-source-code/scanners/sonarscanner/
  • https://coverage.readthedocs.io/en/7.2.7/
  • https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/getting-started.html

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django-coverage 1.2.4

pip install django-coverage Copy PIP instructions

Released: Jun 1, 2013

Django Test Coverage App

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License: Apache Software License (Apache License 2.0)

Author: Mikhail Korobov

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Classifiers

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  • OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
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  • Software Development :: Testing

Project description

A test coverage reporting tool that utilizes Ned Batchelder’s excellent coverage.py to show how much of your code is exercised with your tests.

Project details

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Django Coverage Save

Yet another django test coverage app with nice custom html reports. The official git mirror.

======================== Django Test Coverage App

.. contents::

What is it?

A test coverage reporting tool that utilizes Ned Batchelder 's excellent coverage.py to show how much of your code is exercised with your tests.

Dependencies

  • Django_ 1.2 and above. For earlier versions, try version 1.0.3 of django-coverage.
  • coverage.py_

How do I use it?

Install as a django app.

  • Place the entire django_coverage app in your third-party apps directory.
  • Update your settings.INSTALLED_APPS to include django_coverage .
  • Include test coverage specific settings in your own settings file. See settings.py for more detail.

Once you've completed all the steps, you'll have a new custom command available to you via manage.py test_coverage . It works just like manage.py test .

Use it as a test runner

You don't have to install django_coverage as an app if you don't want to. You can simply use the test runner if you like.

  • Update settings.TEST_RUNNER = 'django_coverage.coverage_runner.CoverageRunner'
  • Run manage.py test like you normally do.

Coverage badges

django_coverage will also generate a badge image that represents the percentage coverage that your project has.

This will be stored in the same directory as the coverage report data: $PROJECT/.coverage/coverage_status.png .

Currently, the only badge type that is included is drone.io_. When other types are included, you will be able to select which is used by settings.COVERAGE_BADGE_TYPE .

To prevent the badge generation, you could set this to None .

Using the coverage badge with drone.io_

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Writing your first Django app, part 1 ¶

Let’s learn by example.

Throughout this tutorial, we’ll walk you through the creation of a basic poll application.

It’ll consist of two parts:

  • A public site that lets people view polls and vote in them.
  • An admin site that lets you add, change, and delete polls.

We’ll assume you have Django installed already. You can tell Django is installed and which version by running the following command in a shell prompt (indicated by the $ prefix):

If Django is installed, you should see the version of your installation. If it isn’t, you’ll get an error telling “No module named django”.

This tutorial is written for Django 5.0, which supports Python 3.10 and later. If the Django version doesn’t match, you can refer to the tutorial for your version of Django by using the version switcher at the bottom right corner of this page, or update Django to the newest version. If you’re using an older version of Python, check What Python version can I use with Django? to find a compatible version of Django.

See How to install Django for advice on how to remove older versions of Django and install a newer one.

Where to get help:

If you’re having trouble going through this tutorial, please head over to the Getting Help section of the FAQ.

Creating a project ¶

If this is your first time using Django, you’ll have to take care of some initial setup. Namely, you’ll need to auto-generate some code that establishes a Django project – a collection of settings for an instance of Django, including database configuration, Django-specific options and application-specific settings.

From the command line, cd into a directory where you’d like to store your code, then run the following command:

This will create a mysite directory in your current directory. If it didn’t work, see Problems running django-admin .

You’ll need to avoid naming projects after built-in Python or Django components. In particular, this means you should avoid using names like django (which will conflict with Django itself) or test (which conflicts with a built-in Python package).

Where should this code live?

If your background is in plain old PHP (with no use of modern frameworks), you’re probably used to putting code under the web server’s document root (in a place such as /var/www ). With Django, you don’t do that. It’s not a good idea to put any of this Python code within your web server’s document root, because it risks the possibility that people may be able to view your code over the web. That’s not good for security.

Put your code in some directory outside of the document root, such as /home/mycode .

Let’s look at what startproject created:

These files are:

  • The outer mysite/ root directory is a container for your project. Its name doesn’t matter to Django; you can rename it to anything you like.
  • manage.py : A command-line utility that lets you interact with this Django project in various ways. You can read all the details about manage.py in django-admin and manage.py .
  • The inner mysite/ directory is the actual Python package for your project. Its name is the Python package name you’ll need to use to import anything inside it (e.g. mysite.urls ).
  • mysite/__init__.py : An empty file that tells Python that this directory should be considered a Python package. If you’re a Python beginner, read more about packages in the official Python docs.
  • mysite/settings.py : Settings/configuration for this Django project. Django settings will tell you all about how settings work.
  • mysite/urls.py : The URL declarations for this Django project; a “table of contents” of your Django-powered site. You can read more about URLs in URL dispatcher .
  • mysite/asgi.py : An entry-point for ASGI-compatible web servers to serve your project. See How to deploy with ASGI for more details.
  • mysite/wsgi.py : An entry-point for WSGI-compatible web servers to serve your project. See How to deploy with WSGI for more details.

The development server ¶

Let’s verify your Django project works. Change into the outer mysite directory, if you haven’t already, and run the following commands:

You’ll see the following output on the command line:

Ignore the warning about unapplied database migrations for now; we’ll deal with the database shortly.

You’ve started the Django development server, a lightweight web server written purely in Python. We’ve included this with Django so you can develop things rapidly, without having to deal with configuring a production server – such as Apache – until you’re ready for production.

Now’s a good time to note: don’t use this server in anything resembling a production environment. It’s intended only for use while developing. (We’re in the business of making web frameworks, not web servers.)

Now that the server’s running, visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/ with your web browser. You’ll see a “Congratulations!” page, with a rocket taking off. It worked!

Changing the port

By default, the runserver command starts the development server on the internal IP at port 8000.

If you want to change the server’s port, pass it as a command-line argument. For instance, this command starts the server on port 8080:

If you want to change the server’s IP, pass it along with the port. For example, to listen on all available public IPs (which is useful if you are running Vagrant or want to show off your work on other computers on the network), use:

Full docs for the development server can be found in the runserver reference.

Automatic reloading of runserver

The development server automatically reloads Python code for each request as needed. You don’t need to restart the server for code changes to take effect. However, some actions like adding files don’t trigger a restart, so you’ll have to restart the server in these cases.

Creating the Polls app ¶

Now that your environment – a “project” – is set up, you’re set to start doing work.

Each application you write in Django consists of a Python package that follows a certain convention. Django comes with a utility that automatically generates the basic directory structure of an app, so you can focus on writing code rather than creating directories.

Projects vs. apps

What’s the difference between a project and an app? An app is a web application that does something – e.g., a blog system, a database of public records or a small poll app. A project is a collection of configuration and apps for a particular website. A project can contain multiple apps. An app can be in multiple projects.

Your apps can live anywhere on your Python path . In this tutorial, we’ll create our poll app in the same directory as your manage.py file so that it can be imported as its own top-level module, rather than a submodule of mysite .

To create your app, make sure you’re in the same directory as manage.py and type this command:

That’ll create a directory polls , which is laid out like this:

This directory structure will house the poll application.

Write your first view ¶

Let’s write the first view. Open the file polls/views.py and put the following Python code in it:

This is the simplest view possible in Django. To call the view, we need to map it to a URL - and for this we need a URLconf.

To create a URLconf in the polls directory, create a file called urls.py . Your app directory should now look like:

In the polls/urls.py file include the following code:

The next step is to point the root URLconf at the polls.urls module. In mysite/urls.py , add an import for django.urls.include and insert an include() in the urlpatterns list, so you have:

The include() function allows referencing other URLconfs. Whenever Django encounters include() , it chops off whatever part of the URL matched up to that point and sends the remaining string to the included URLconf for further processing.

The idea behind include() is to make it easy to plug-and-play URLs. Since polls are in their own URLconf ( polls/urls.py ), they can be placed under “/polls/”, or under “/fun_polls/”, or under “/content/polls/”, or any other path root, and the app will still work.

When to use include()

You should always use include() when you include other URL patterns. admin.site.urls is the only exception to this.

You have now wired an index view into the URLconf. Verify it’s working with the following command:

Go to http://localhost:8000/polls/ in your browser, and you should see the text “ Hello, world. You’re at the polls index. ”, which you defined in the index view.

Page not found?

If you get an error page here, check that you’re going to http://localhost:8000/polls/ and not http://localhost:8000/ .

The path() function is passed four arguments, two required: route and view , and two optional: kwargs , and name . At this point, it’s worth reviewing what these arguments are for.

path() argument: route ¶

route is a string that contains a URL pattern. When processing a request, Django starts at the first pattern in urlpatterns and makes its way down the list, comparing the requested URL against each pattern until it finds one that matches.

Patterns don’t search GET and POST parameters, or the domain name. For example, in a request to https://www.example.com/myapp/ , the URLconf will look for myapp/ . In a request to https://www.example.com/myapp/?page=3 , the URLconf will also look for myapp/ .

path() argument: view ¶

When Django finds a matching pattern, it calls the specified view function with an HttpRequest object as the first argument and any “captured” values from the route as keyword arguments. We’ll give an example of this in a bit.

path() argument: kwargs ¶

Arbitrary keyword arguments can be passed in a dictionary to the target view. We aren’t going to use this feature of Django in the tutorial.

path() argument: name ¶

Naming your URL lets you refer to it unambiguously from elsewhere in Django, especially from within templates. This powerful feature allows you to make global changes to the URL patterns of your project while only touching a single file.

When you’re comfortable with the basic request and response flow, read part 2 of this tutorial to start working with the database.

Additional Information

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  • Creating a project
  • The development server
  • Creating the Polls app
  • path() argument: route
  • path() argument: view
  • path() argument: kwargs
  • path() argument: name
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GitHub Action

Python django + mysql coverage github action.

Github Action to run tests and get coverage with Django on a Python Docker image

Installation

Copy and paste the following snippet into your .yml file.

- name: Python Django + MySQL Coverage GitHub Action

uses: SaadBazaz/[email protected]

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Python Django coverage.py GitHub Action

Github Action to integrate Coverage.py with Django on every pull request. It comes with a bundled PostgreSQL DB to run the test against.

The name of the Django app. Default:

minimum-coverage

Percentage of required coverage to consider it a valid commit. Default: 10

Boolean value that indicates that the test run and coverage was successful.

Example usage

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How many Oscar nominations do you need to earn before you’re considered “overdue” for a win?

Is Annette Bening, who earned her fifth nomination this year for her portrayal of long-distance swimmer Diana Nyad, overdue? What about Carey Mulligan, now nominated for a third time, for the poise and strength she brought to “Maestro”? Maybe? Can you be overdue if you haven’t yet turned 40? What about 30? (Asking for Saoirse Ronan, who has already collected four nods without winning.)

And consider Paul Giamatti, celebrated for his sharp, sad turn as a miserable prep school teacher in “The Holdovers.” He’s 56 (same as Mark Ruffalo, another overdue actor), and this is just his second Oscar nomination, his first as a leading man. That’s a scant résumé. But Giamatti owns three individual Screen Actors Guild awards, an Emmy and three Golden Globes, making the Oscars feel like the outlier. He wasn’t even nominated for “Sideways,” a travesty that makes Giamatti not only due but in line for a belated apology from the academy.

The Oscars’ “overdue” narrative is not the same as the career achievement campaign push that three-time nominee Robert Downey Jr. is getting this year for “Oppenheimer” or that Jamie Lee Curtis benefited from last year when she won the supporting actress honor for “Everything Everywhere All at Once.”

And the narrative often doesn’t work, particularly when tied to a movie that doesn’t pop with voters. Angela Bassett lost to Curtis last year, though many believed it was “her time.” (Was she ever going to win for a Marvel movie?) And Glenn Close’s much-anticipated coronation didn’t come off as planned when she lost to Olivia Colman for “The Favourite” in 2019. Close’s nomination was the only one her movie, “The Wife,” received. Colman’s film earned 10.

But if the timing is right, Oscar voters are more than happy to reward a legend when it’s their time. Who else is long overdue for a moment on the podium? Here’s a list, alphabetically ordered. (The films’ years note their time of release.)

AMY ADAMS Nominations: 6 Should have won for: “Junebug” (2005), “The Master” (2012)

Why doesn’t Amy Adams have an Oscar? She should have already taken home at least one Academy Award , maybe two, starting with her disarming, comic turn as the chatterbox pregnant wife in “Junebug.” She was even better in Paul Thomas Anderson’s “The Master,” essentially playing two characters — the public and private Peggy Dodd, one motherly and genteel, the other pathologically controlling and suspicious. This woman would make a meal out of Lady Macbeth. Is there anything Adams can’t do ... well, other than win the Oscar? This one’s going to happen, sooner than later.

ANGELA BASSETT Nominations: 2 Could have won for: “What’s Love Got to Do with It” (1993), “Black Panther: Wakanda Forever” (2022)

Bassett is so overdue that after losing last year, the academy decided to give her an honorary Oscar to correct the oversight. “Here’s what a great actor Angela Bassett is: She got an Oscar nomination for a Marvel movie. That’s like getting a Pulitzer Prize for a Reddit comment,” host John Mulaney said at the Governors Awards ceremony. That night, Bassett gave a powerful speech that underlined how vital she remains. Yes, an honorary Oscar is an Oscar. But someone needs to give this woman a role that gives her a competitive trophy as well.

GLENN CLOSE Nominations: 8 Could have won for: “Fatal Attraction” (1987), “The Wife” (2017)

Close won the Golden Globe, then Screen Actors Guild award for “The Wife,” but not the Oscar. She shares the record with Peter O’Toole as the most nominated actors without a win. That’s good company.

TOM CRUISE Nominations: 3 Should have won for: “Magnolia” (1999) Could have won for: “Jerry Maguire” (1996)

Cruise has been in action hero mode for so long now that it’s almost difficult to remember the peak acting era when he reeled off movies like “Jerry Maguire,” “A Few Good Men,” “Eyes Wide Shut,” “Magnolia,” “Minority Report” and “Collateral.” What happened? Did “Lions for Lambs” break him? Will he return to playing recognizable human beings after the eighth (!) “Mission: Impossible” movie lands next year? Cruise did just announce a deal with Warner Bros. to develop movies that would be a mix of original productions and franchise fare. So maybe there’s a glimmer of hope. But the pact was also billed as a “strategic partnership,” so ... probably not. For Cruise, saving Hollywood seems reward enough.

WILLEM DAFOE Nominations: 4 Should have won for: “The Florida Project” (2017)

Could anyone else give an Oscar-worthy performance belching bubbles? Dafoe wasn’t even nominated for his delightful turn as the sweet, maniacal scientist in “Poor Things,” just as he was overlooked for his lonely lighthouse keeper in Robert Eggers’ “The Lighthouse.” One of these years, Dafoe will win for the strange magic and joy he brings to every role he plays. And you can bet we’ll be singing a sea chantey in his honor when it happens.

SAMUEL L. JACKSON Nominations: 1 Should have won for: “Pulp Fiction” (1994) Could have been nominated for: “Django Unchained” (2012)

Like Bassett, Jackson owns an honorary Oscar. And like Bassett, he needs the competitive honor. Has Quentin Tarantino written the role that will clinch the deal? I’d like to think so, though early casting reports don’t mention Jackson. But if this is indeed Tarantino’s last movie, you’d think he’d have something special for the actor he has worked with most often.

SIGOURNEY WEAVER Nominations: 3 Could have won for: “Aliens” (1986)

We know she’ll be in (sigh) three more “Avatar” movies. That’s not going to be her Oscar ticket. And the two horror titles she has on the horizon won’t be either, though both sound like a lot of fun. What would you rather be? An icon or an Oscar winner?

MICHELLE WILLIAMS Nominations: 5 Could have won for: “Brokeback Mountain” (2005), “The Fabelmans” (2022)

Would Williams be on this list if she had campaigned for supporting actress for “The Fabelmans”? She’s in about a third of the movie, roughly about half the screen time of each of the other four women nominated for lead actress last year. But Williams made that call and wound up earning a lead nomination for her nuanced portrayal of a woman trying to balance her artistic impulses with being a wife and mother. Had she gone supporting, she probably would have lost to the “Everything Everywhere All at Once” steamroll anyway. You can bet she’ll be back someday.

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