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New translation of mishnah looks to make ‘unyielding’ text accessible.
Hebrew literature, philosophy professor hopes decadelong project will lure new audiences to ‘oral Torah’
Danna Lorch
Harvard Correspondent
“This isn’t beach reading. The goal is for the intelligent, serious reader to make sense of the text and move on,” says Shaye J.D. Cohen, who is co-editor of the three-volume Oxford Annotated Mishnah.
Kris Snibbe/Harvard Staff Photographer
Shaye J.D. Cohen works in an office with floor-to-ceiling bookshelves on all four walls. Volumes in English, Hebrew, and Aramaic are piled on every available and makeshift surface. Most of the texts are bound in leather, with pages as translucent as onion skins. The speckled pattern of the wool sweater Cohen wears is so similar to the stacks that he appears in near-camouflage at his desk.
Cohen, the Nathan Littauer Professor of Hebrew Literature and Philosophy in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, had always imagined translating the Mishnah into a single volume. Recently, he and two co-editors completed a daunting, decadelong journey attempting to do just that. The culmination was the publication of The Oxford Annotated Mishnah, presented in three volumes by Oxford University Press.
It is traditionally believed that this ancient body of Jewish law was given to Moses on Mount Sinai alongside the 10 written commandments. The Mishnah, known as the “oral Torah,” was memorized and passed down through recitation for generations, a basis for debate and interpretation meant to be deciphered in community.
It was eventually redacted and written down around 200 C.E., although exactly when and who ultimately edited the text is up for debate. But Cohen knows, “At some point in its history, the Mishnah does get written down as a book.”
Today, this cornerstone of Rabbinic literature is learned in book form — broken down into six sections ( sedarim ) containing 63 tractates ( massekhtaot ). Cohen, who has pored over the Mishnah since his own early yeshiva education, affectionately refers to it as “unyielding” in its arguments over Jewish law. The text breaks down in detail how virtually every important aspect of life should be lived, from how an oath is taken or broken, to the offering of charity, or negotiating a marriage contract. Even though it is prescriptive, there is still significant room left for interpretation and debate in conversations that continue to take place in Jewish study halls and synagogues around the world.
Cohen says that unless one has years of Jewish day school education and a strong grasp of Hebrew under the belt, reading the Mishnah can feel as disorienting as breaking into the middle of a complex conversation between strangers.
“Ultimately, what we tried to accomplish was to make the Mishnah accessible to people for whom it was otherwise inaccessible.” Shaye J.D. Cohen
He set out to change that, somewhat naively, on his own at first. “I thought to myself, ‘Well gee, how hard can this be?’ I started to sit down and do it and after several months working on one tractate, I realized I would probably not live long enough to finish the project.” He switched tacks.
The result is what Cohen refers to as a “a group project.” Totaling 1,256 pages across three volumes, it was published in September and co-edited by Cohen together with Robert Goldenberg and Hayim Lapin. The process took more than a decade, harnessing the translation and interpretation skills of 50 scholars of diverse backgrounds from academic and religious institutions around the world. Sadly, Goldenberg didn’t live to see the publication, and the project proved too expansive to be printed into the single volume that Cohen had envisioned.
“Ultimately, what we tried to accomplish was to make the Mishnah accessible to people for whom it was otherwise inaccessible,” Cohen said. The $645 price tag makes the work less than financially accessible to all, but he expects that a more affordable edition will be on the horizon soon.
Prior translations of note paved the way for this one. Cohen nods to a 1930s edition by Herbert Danby, an Anglican priest working in the British colonial administration in Jerusalem. “He gets a big gold star and credit for giving us the language of the Mishnah,” Cohen concedes. “He’s the first one as far as I know to translate the entire Mishnah into English.”
None of Danby’s thee’s and thou’s appear here. The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is broken into lines that appear more like poetry with sections short enough to be studied on a lunch break and kept in the back of the mind over an afternoon. Cohen said, “We have lots of white space on the page. We try to break down sentences into short phrases. We have running headers in the text to help the reader realize we have a slight change in focus.” Occasional footnotes define obscure words or manuscript variants.
Cohen said that the endeavor easily could have lasted beyond any of the contributing scholars’ lifetimes if they had been determined to reach consensus on every minute concept. Their compromise on a more realistic timeline began with how they approached the annotations.
He briefed contributors, “Our goal is to always provide enough information to the reader so that the text makes sense — and then you stop.” What he didn’t want was a prescriptive commentary that told readers how to understand the Mishnah.
“This isn’t beach reading,” Cohen said, smiling. “The goal is for the intelligent, serious reader to make sense of the text and move on.” He hopes that the translation will open up the Mishnah to scholars of early Christianity and other audiences that have had difficulty finding an entry point to the work.
To achieve that result it wasn’t necessary for each of the contributors to translate the Hebrew words identically. In fact, it is this disagreement, and the conversations that come from it, that make the experience of engaging with the Mishnah exactly what it is today.
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The Oxford Annotated Mishnah, Edited by Shaye J.D. Cohen, Published
Shaye J.D. Cohen , joined by editors Robert Goldenberg and Hayim Lapin , has completed editing The Oxford Annotated Mishnah . This is the completion of a ten year project for the editors. The three volume set has a UK publication date of early June and an early August USA release. Congratulations on this accomplishment!
An accessible version of the Mishnah in three volumes. Assembled by an expert group of translators and annotators. Includes explanations of technical terms and impressions, and reference to the New Testament and ancient Jewish works.
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The Oxford Annotated Mishnah: Tractate Miqva’ot
2022, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah: A New Translation of the Mishnah with Introductions and Notes, vol. 3 (eds. Shaye J. D. Cohen, Robert Goldenberg, and Hayim Lapin; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022), 768–824.
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From the end of the Hasmonean period, Miqva'ot (Jewish ritual baths) for purification of the body, began to use throughout the country and in other countries with Jewish centers. Using Miqva'ot continues to this day. It is a mandatory part of the Jewish lifestyle. The plaster used to coat and caulk the walls of the Miqva'ot for purification, is without pottery grits or crushed pottery shards. This is also true for plaster containers used in the manufacturing and storage of oil and wine.
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The Mishnah is the foundational document of rabbinic law and, one could say, of rabbinic Judaism itself. It is overwhelmingly technical and focused on matters of practice, custom, and law. The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all.
With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
Year first published: 2022
Tags: Hayim Lapin Oxford University Press Robert Goldenberg Shaye J.D. Cohen
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The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah. Shaye J. D. Cohen, Robert Goldenberg, Hayim Lapin. Oxford University Press, Jun 30, 2022 - Religion - 2615 pages. The Mishnah is the foundational document of rabbinic law and, one could say, of rabbinic Judaism itself. It is overwhelmingly technical and focused on matters of practice, custom, and law.
[Editors' note: This article is part of a group of reviews the Religious Studies Review (Volume 49, no. 4) under the title of On The Oxford Annotated Mishnah]. Read the full text About
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The culmination was the publication of The Oxford Annotated Mishnah, presented in three volumes by Oxford University Press. It is traditionally believed that this ancient body of Jewish law was given to Moses on Mount Sinai alongside the 10 written commandments. The Mishnah, known as the "oral Torah," was memorized and passed down through ...
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah, Edited by Shaye J.D. Cohen, Published. Shaye J.D. Cohen, joined by editors Robert Goldenberg and Hayim Lapin, has completed editing The Oxford Annotated Mishnah. This is the completion of a ten year project for the editors. The three volume set has a UK publication date of early June and an early August USA release.
Miqva' ot (or Mikvot in some of the manuscripts) is the plural of miqveh, the biblical term for various kinds of pools or gatherings of water (Genesis 1:10, Exodus 7:19, and Leviticus 11:36). In the Mishnah, here as well as in other tractates, the term becomes a legal one, used only when the issue at stake is the status of the pool vis-à-vis ...
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all.With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The Mishnah is the foundational document of rabbinic law and, one could say, of rabbinic Judaism itself. It is overwhelmingly technical and focused on matters of practice, custom, and law. The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all.With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings ...
Shaye J.D. Cohen, Hayim Lapin RG ed. The Oxford Annotated Mishnah. . Oxford University Press (UK); Forthcoming pp. 2500+.
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah: A New Translation of the Mishnah With Introductions and Notes : Lapin, Hayim, Goldenberg, Robert, Cohen, Shaye J.D.: Amazon.in: Books
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
The Mishnah is the foundational document of rabbinic law and, one could say, of rabbinic Judaism itself. It is overwhelmingly technical and focused on matters of practice, custom, and law. The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and ...
The Oxford Annotated Mishnah is the first annotated translation of this work, making the text accessible to all. With explanations of all technical terms and expressions, The Oxford Annotated Mishnah brings together an expert group of translators and annotators to assemble a version of the Mishnah that requires no specialist knowledge.
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Catalysis Conference is a networking event covering all topics in catalysis, chemistry, chemical engineering and technology during October 19-21, 2017 in Las Vegas, USA. Well noted as well attended meeting among all other annual catalysis conferences 2018, chemical engineering conferences 2018 and chemistry webinars.
Nearly one-third of Russia's 2024 budget was allocated towards defense spending. Social expenditures, covering salaries, pensions, and benefits, constituted only about one-fifth of the budget. Russia's economy does not create much that is in demand. Its manufacturing sector is small, and its business sector is non-existent.
July 14, 2020 featured in Display. Bold Color Cool Creative Cyrillic Geometric Neon Outlined Retro. Download Moscow Metro font, a multi-line display typeface in two styles, inspired by the Moscow underground map. Moscow Metro is ideal for posters and headlines, neon signage and other artworks.