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APA Sample Paper
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Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here .
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper
This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader
Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication). These differences mostly extend to the title page and running head. Crucially, citation practices do not differ between the two styles of paper.
However, for your convenience, we have provided two versions of our APA 7 sample paper below: one in student style and one in professional style.
Note: For accessibility purposes, we have used "Track Changes" to make comments along the margins of these samples. Those authored by [AF] denote explanations of formatting and [AWC] denote directions for writing and citing in APA 7.
APA 7 Student Paper:
Apa 7 professional paper:.
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F.A.Q.
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APA Style Help & Tools
{{page_title}}, best bet: apa's academic writer.
Academic Writer is the only authoritative and complete online environment for teaching, writing, and publishing in APA Style®, now updated to the 7th Edition. Designed to help users develop their writing and professional research skills, Academic Writer combines sophisticated learning and teaching tools, advanced writing and content management technology, and full integration of APA’s best-selling Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association® to create an unparalleled web-based suite of integrated services and tools.
Access Academic Writer anytime with this link:
library.purdueglobal.edu/academicwriter
Academic Writer Documentation & Tips
The below links lead to more information, tips, and training about the basics of using Academic Writer.
- Library Guide to Academic Writer
- Getting Started Guide (PDF)
- Creating Academic Writer Accounts (PDF)
- Accessing the Publication Manual (PDF)
- Technical Requirements
Using Academic Writer's Writing Tools
Academic Writer contains a Writing section where you can create and write a full APA-formatted paper. You can write the entire paper in Academic Writer or just use it to setup the title page, headings, and references. Export your work at any time to a Microsoft Word document. Below are documents from Academic Writer about the essential features of their Writing tools.
- Setting up the Title Page
- Adding References to Papers (PDF)
- Adding In-Text Citations (PDF)
- Adding Tables (PDF)
- Exporting Papers (PDF)
Featured Items from Academic Writer
Basics of APA Style
Learn the basics of APA Style, including how to format a manuscript, understand the form and function of common manuscript parts, organize and express your thoughts clearly and precisely, employ the mechanics of style, use graphic elements effectively, credit sources and acknowledge the contributions of others, and construct a comprehensive and reliable reference list.
Academic Writer
© 2020 American Psychological Association.
How to Avoid Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism
Learn how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, including how to identify plagiarism, understand its risks and consequences, cite sources properly, and develop sound writing practices.
Learn how to set up the title page of an APA Style paper, including the page header and running head, title, author name and affiliation, and author note.
Paper Template: ("Merenda" Sample Student Paper)
This sample response paper presents a university student's personal reaction to an article about whether medication is prescribed too often to young children to treat psychological disorders. The title page demonstrates the simple default layout for a student paper. The paper has a simple setup with only a title page, body of text, and references. No "running head"! Response papers typically do not include author notes or abstracts, though this may vary by assignment.
Visit the Writing Center
Need writing help? Visit the Writing Center to contact a tutor, submit your paper for review and feedback, or ask APA Style-related questions, as well as access dozens of writing tutorials, videos, webinars, and other instructional resources.
- Writing Center
PG Writing Center's Top APA Links
- Common Citations in APA Format
- APA Title Page and Running Head Video
- APA (7th Edition) Demystified in 5 Minutes Video
- Formatting an APA Style (7th Edition) Reference List Video
- Writing With Integrity (APA Style 7th Ed.)
eBook on APA Style 7th Edition
Zotero: Free Reference Management Tool
Zotero [zoh-TAIR-oh] is a free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, cite, and share your research sources. This tool is especially popular for heavy researchers at the grad level and above.
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APA 7: In-Text Citations
- Introduction to APA Format (7th ed.)
- Formatting a Paper
- In-Text Citations
- References List
- Getting Research Help
Guidance from APA Style, Purdue OWL, & Excelsior OWL
In-text citation is covered in Chapter 8 of the APA Publication Manual
- In-Text Citations From APA Style.
- In-Text Citations: The Basics From Purdue OWL.
- APA In-Text Citations From Excelsior OWL.
Basic In-Text Citation Guidelines
In-text citation refers to the brief citations included within the text of your paper. They point your reader to the full citation at the end of your paper.
Parenthetical vs. narrative in-text citation
In APA, the in-text citation is generally placed in parenthesis at the end of your sentence with the author's last name and year.
The page number is also required if you are directly quoting from a source.
- Precede a single page number with p.
- Precede a range of pages with pp.
- If page numbers are unavailable, you will need to use the paragraph number preceded by para. or paras.
The period goes after/outside the parenthesis.
- (Alvarez, 2019, paras. 3-4).
- (Davis, 2020, p. 52).
You can also include the author's name in the text itself and simply place the year in parenthesis after the author's last name.
- According to Davis (2020), "....." (pp. 52-53).
Direct Quotations
Page/paragraph numbers are required for direct quotations . , shorter than 40 words.
- "...." (Davis, 2020, p. 23).
- Davis (2020) explains "..." (p. 23).
Longer that 40 Words
- Form quote into a block quotation.
- Don't use quotation marks.
- Period goes before the in-text citation.
Narrative Example
Flores et al. (2018) described how they addressed potential researcher bias when working with an intersectional community of transgender people of color:
Everyone on the research team belonged to a stigmatized group but also held privileged identities. Throughout the research process, we attended to the ways in which our privileged and oppressed identities may have influenced the research process, findings, and presentation of results. (p. 311)
Parenthetical Example
Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:
Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people’s everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)
Number of Authors
Number of authors to include in in-text citations.
2 Authors from Same Source
- (Bullock & Merritt, 2020, para. 5).
3 Authors or More from the Same Source
- (Merritt et al., 2013, p. 32).
Authors from More Than One Source
- (Garcia, 2020, pp. 18-20; Ryan, 2019, p. 302).
Group Author
- (Merced College, 2021, paras. 4-5).
- (“Medical Science Today,” 2019).
- If the title is long, it should be shortened for the in-text citation.
- The main words of titles should be capitalized.
- If the title is italicized in the reference, then it should also be italicized within the in-text citation.
- If the title is not italicized within the reference, use quotation marks around the title.
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Purdue Owl: APA Formatting & Style Guide
Developed by Purdue's Online Writing Lab. Contains resources on in-text citation and the references page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster.
Author/Editor (By:)
Contributor, corporate author, related organizations, citation type.
Citation Styles: APA: American Psychological Association (7th edition)
- APA Books and eBooks
- APA Articles
- APA Other Resources
- MLA Books and eBooks
- MLA Articles
- MLA Other Resources
- CMS Books and eBooks: Notes and Bibliography Style
- CMS Articles: Notes and Bibliography Style
- CMS Other Resources: Notes and Bibliography Style
- CMS Books and eBooks: Author-Date
- CMS Articles: Author-Date
- CMS Other Resources: Author-Date
- MSSE Citation Style
- Additional Styles
- Annotated Bibliography
- How to Avoid Plagiarism
Citation Help
The apa style.
Developed by the American Psychological Association for its own publications, this style has become the standard for works in the social and behavioral science fields .
For questions about the APA Style, please continue exploring this guide or visit the following webpages:
- This webpage will help answer any question you have about APA Style. It covers paper formatting, end reference and in-text citations, and provides examples for papers and citations.
- The APA Style Blog covers unique questions about resources that may not appear on this guide or in their manual. Check here to see if they cover a resource that you need assistance with citation formatting!
Purdue OWL is a great website for getting help on APA 7th edition citations. You can access their " APA Formatting and Style Guide " to find help with citations for all types of resources.
Citation Manual & Supplemental Material
- APA DOI URL Flow Chart
Digital Guides
Below are PDF versions of the citation handouts we keep at the Information Desk:
- APA In-Text Citation Guide, 7th ed.
- APA Reference List Guide, 7th ed.
APA Sample Paper
Unsure how to format your paper in APA Style? The following student sample paper will help you! Click the the PDF link below.
Please be aware this example is from Purdue OWL and is for the student paper version. If you'd like to see the professional paper example, please find the PDF document below the following image.
- APA Student Paper Example
- APA Style Student Template (7th ed.)
- APA Professional Paper Example
Introduction to APA Citation Style
This series of videos and tutorials will help you learn about the importance of citing sources and how to cite a variety of sources using APA style.
- Plagiarism (Video 3:32)
- Why Citations Matter (Tutorial)
- Paraphrasing, Quoting, and Summarizing (Tutorial)
- APA 7th Edition Citations (Tutorial)
https://researchguides.library.syr.edu/c.php?g=1115506&p=9441791#s-lg-box-29867371
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- Last Updated: Sep 25, 2023 11:05 AM
- URL: https://researchguides.library.syr.edu/citationstyles
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- Free citation tools
Did you know that almost ALL of UMA Libraries' catalogs and databases will create citations for you? When you find a resource, simply scan the database for a "(quotation mark)" icon, or for a label such as Cite this Item, or Cite, or Citation Export.
Giving Credit to Whom It Is Due
When you write a research paper, you must document the sources you used to produce it. When quoting or even paraphrasing another person's idea in your paper, you must give credit to that person so that the reader can find the source you cited.
Sources for which you should provide full citations include books, articles, interviews, Internet sources, government documents, software, videotapes, etc. You cite the sources briefly within the text of your paper, and then give the full citation in the "Bibliography" or "Works Cited" section at the end of your paper.
Additionally, IT IS REQUIRED. See UMA's Academic Integrity Policy which spells out your responsibility as a student. The way to avoid plagiarism is to carefully cite all sources used. Your instructors will indicate which citation style they want you to use when citing your sources. Most often this is either APA or MLA citation style.
Please double-check citations before submitting your work! We cannot guarantee the accuracy of citations created using these free, online tools.
Citation Machine
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The UMA Writing Centers and VAWLT (Virtual, Accessibility, Writing, Library & Technology tutors) offer UMA learners free online writing help and tutoring sessions. Visit their websites to learn more!
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- MLA 9th cheat sheet
- MLA Made Easy - Top 10 Changes
- Top 10 Changes - PDF
- MLA Cheat Sheet Contains some info about the changes from 8th to 9th ed. as well as some basics of MLA style. PDF.
- MLA Cheat Sheet MS Word version.
MLA Made Easy - Top 10 Changes from the 8th to 9th Edition of MLA Style . Hatala Testing, 2021. YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eBYiznvmkc .
- Top 10 Changes to MLA Style Notes from the video by Mark Hatala.
- Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL)
- CMOS - Chicago/Turabian
The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. Teachers and trainers may use this material for in-class and out-of-class instruction.
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Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) site is a fairly comprehensive resource for the Modern Language Association's (MLA) style and formatting rules. Use the left side bar on OWL's page to navigate to the style or other help that you need.
UPDATED TO 9th ed.
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) site is a fairly comprehensive resource for the American Psychological Association (APA) style and formatting rules. Use the left side bar of the OWL page to navigate to the style or other help that you need.
CMOS Style
- OWL @ Excelsior College
- Chicago/Turabian
MLA In-Text Citations MLA Works Cited
MLA Style Demo (videos) MLA Activity (tutorial)
APA In-Text Citations APA References
APA Formatting Guide APA Headings (setting up the paper)
APA Activity (tutorial) APA Side By Side (compares reference, in-text citation, and in-text citation with author set-up)
Chicago Formatting Guidelines Chicago Notes & Bibliography
Format a Citation in APA Style Using EBSCOhost
Citation help from Academic Search Complete & other EBSCO databases
Academic Search Complete (along with Business Source Complete, PsycInfo, and other EBSCO databases) will create a citation for you! Look for the "Cite" button to view citations in all the major citation formats.
Citation Basics & Links
Citing your sources is an important step in the research and writing process. Choose one of the following to get started:
Documentation style depends on your area of study. For instance, the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is often used in the social sciences, whereas the Modern Language Association (MLA) style is used in the humanities. Check with your professor to be sure you are using the right style for your papers.
Here's a short overview of citations:
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Locating and Using Images for Presentations and Coursework
- Free & Open Source Images
- How to Cite Images
- Alt Text Image Descriptions
Copyright Resources
- Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States from Cornell University Library
- Copyright Overview from Purdue University
- U.S. Copyright Office
- Fair Use Evaluator
- Visual Resources Association's Statement of Fair Use of Images for Teaching, Research, and Study
- Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution
Again, the majority of images you find are under copyright and cannot be used without permission from the creator. There are exceptions with Fair Use, but this Libguide is intended to help you locate images you can use with attribution (and in some case, the images are free to use without attribution when stated, such as with stock images from pixabay). ***Please read about public domain . These images aren't under copyright, but it's still good practice to include attribution if the information is available. Attribution : the act of attributing something, especially the ascribing of a work (as of literature or art) to a particular author or artist. When you have given proper attribution, it means you have given the information necessary for people to know who the creator of the work is.
Citation General Guidelines
Include as much of the information below when citing images in a paper and formal presentations. Apply the appropriate citation style (see below for APA, MLA examples).
- Image creator's name (artist, photographer, etc.)
- Title of the image
- Date the image (or work represented by the image) was created
- Date the image was posted online
- Date of access (the date you accessed the online image)
- Institution (gallery, museum) where the image is located/owned (if applicable)
- Website and/or Database name
Citing Images in MLA, APA, Chicago, and IEEE
- Directions for citing in MLA, APA, and Chicago MLA: Citing images in-text, incorporating images into the text of your paper, works cited APA 6th ed.: Citing images in-text and reference list Chicago 17th ed.: Citing images footnotes and endnotes and bibliography from Simon Fraser University
- How to Cite Images Using IEEE from the SAIT Reg Erhardt Library
- Image, Photograph, or Related Artwork (IEEE) from the Rochester Institute of Technology Library
Citing Images in Your PPT
Currently, citing images in PPT is a bit of the Wild West. If details aren't provided by an instructor, there are a number of ways to cite. What's most important is that if the image is not a free stock image, you give credit to the author for the work. Here are some options:
1. Some sites, such as Creative Commons and Wikimedia, include the citation information with the image. Use that citation when available. Copy the citation and add under the image. For example, an image of a lake from Creative Commons has this citation next to it: "lake" by barnyz is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 .
2. Include a marker, such as Image 1. or Figure 1., and in the reference section, include full citation information with the corresponding number
3. Include a complete citation (whatever the required format, such as APA) below the image
4. Below the image, include the link to the online image location
5. Hyperlink the title of the image with the online image location
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- Last Edited: Jun 8, 2023 3:28 PM
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EDUC 1300: Exceptional Learners
- APA Citation Style Information
Plagiarism Prevention
Learn more at the slu academic integrity pages, slu academic integrity policy, helpful apa citation style sources.
In addition to the sources below, check out SLU Librarian Jamie Emery's guide Style Guides & Manuals , including resources for APA, MLA, Chicago & more.
Includes information on APA style citations, as well as information on other citation styles and formatting. This site also includes a variety of other useful writing related information.
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 7th edition of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (7th ed.).
This poster created by Purdue Owl summarizes APA style in a visual format.
The style and grammar guidelines pages present information about APA Style as described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition and the Concise Guide to APA Style, Seventh Edition.
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- Infographics, Images, and Tables
- How Citations Work
- MLA In-Text Citations
- Hanging Indents
- MLA Sample Paper
- APA 7 Sample Paper
- APA 7 In-Text Citations
- Citing in Presentations
- Chicago Manual of Style (Purdue OWL)
- IEEE Citations (Purdue OWL)
The Infographic Within the Paper
Required Elements:
- It must be numbered. (Figure 1, Image 1, Table 1, etc.)
- It must be titled (This Fancy Infographic, Table of Dolphins by Season)
Here's an Example:
Figure 1: North Pole Hole Meme
Citing Infographics and Images on the References Page
Cite like an ordinary APA 7 Website, but add a TYPE in [brackets].
- [Photograph]
- [Infographic]
- [Lecture notes]
- [Powerpoint slides]
Santa Claus would be cited...
L. (n.d.). North Pole Hole Meme [Infographic]. Pinterest. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/3c/77/ec/3c77ec206397230e2debab732652bb5b.png
Visit ECU's APA 7 Site for more Examples.
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- Last Updated: Feb 13, 2024 2:44 PM
- URL: https://researchguides.cpcc.edu/citations
Scribbr APA Citation Generator
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Search for your source by title, URL, DOI, ISBN, and more to retrieve the relevant information automatically.
APA 6th & 7th edition
Scribbr's Citation Generator supports both APA 6 and APA 7 (as well as MLA and Harvard ). No matter what edition you're using, we’ve got you covered!
Export to Bib(La)TeX
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Export to Word
Reference list finished? Export to Word with perfect indentation and spacing set up for you.
Sorting, grouping, and filtering
Organize the reference list the way you want: from A to Z, new to old, or grouped by source type.
Save multiple lists
Stay organized by creating a separate reference list for each of your assignments.
Choose between Times New Roman, Arial, Calibri, and more options to match your style.
Industry-standard technology
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Annotations
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Explanatory tips help you get the details right to ensure accurate citations.
Citation guides
Getting to grips with citation is simple with the help of our highly rated APA citation guides and videos .
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- Introduction
- Parenthetical vs. narrative
- Multiple authors
Missing information
- Sources to include
Tools and resources
- Scroll to top
How to create APA citations
APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations.
This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).
- Cite a webpage
- Cite a book
- Cite a journal article
- Cite a YouTube video
APA in-text citations
APA in-text citations include the author’s last name, publication date, and, if relevant, a locator such as a page number or timestamp. For example, (Smith, 2021, p. 170) . See it as a shorter version of the entry in the reference list .
You should include in-text citations every time you’re quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s ideas or words. In doing so, you give credit to the original author and avoid plagiarism .
Parenthetical vs. narrative citation
The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator.
- Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020) .
- Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that …
Multiple authors and corporate authors
The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.
When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below.
APA Citation Generator
Generate accurate APA citations in seconds
Get started
APA references
APA references generally include information about the author , publication date , title , and source . Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.
It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.
Formatting the APA reference page
On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order .
Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page:
- Double spacing (within and between references)
- Hanging indent of ½ inch
- Legible font (e.g. Times New Roman 12 or Arial 11)
- Page number in the top right header
Which sources to include
On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation ). You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).
In addition to the APA Citation Generator, Scribbr provides many more tools and resources that help millions of students and academics every month.
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- AI detector: Find out if your text was written with ChatGPT or any other AI writing tool. ChatGPT 2 & ChatGPT 3 supported.
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- Guides and videos : Explore hundreds of articles, bite-sized videos, time-saving templates, and handy checklists that guide you through the process of research, writing, and citation.
NSED 150 (Sinha) 2024
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Style by Discipline
Apa formatting guides & examples, key characteristics, apa examples.
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APA style is usually used in Social Sciences and Psychology and is an author-date system. APA stands for the American Psychological Association.
- Purdue Owl APA General Format Guidelines
- APA Style Blog
- The Basics of APA Style - Tutorial (from APA)
- APA Documentation Guide (University of Wisconsin, Madison) includes PDF Handout
- Pre-Formatted Word Document in APA This is a pre-formatted Word document in APA style. Your course instructor may have additional instructions for how the paper should be formatted.
Big Picture
APA style features in-text parenthetical citations , with a focus on author/date, and a corresponding Reference page.
In-Text Citations
- elements include author's last name, year of publication and page number(s)
- elements in are separated by commas - Example: (Arnold, 2015, p. 378)
- a direct quote requires a page number preceded by p. - Example: ... as the "individuals pronounced vocally and fearlessly" (Smith, 2016, p. 201)
- page numbers are still encouraged for summary and paraphrase though not necessary - Example: (Goriava & Woodland, 2017)
- author's name may be excluded if found in the introductory text - Example: Patel (2013) found that .... " " (p. 67)
- p. used for page; pp. used for multiple pages - Example: (Ramble, 2014, pp. 45-49)
- works by two authors use the ampersand in the parentheses - Example: (Goriava & Woodland, 2017)
In-Text Citations: The Basics (OWL Purdue) In-Text Citations: Author/Authors (OWL Purdue) When and How to Include Page Numbers in APA Style Citations (APA Blog) Citing References in Text (Basics of APA Style Tutorial)
Reference List ...
- has the title of References, centered at top
- includes hanging indents after the first line for each entry
- is organized alphabetically by the last name of the first author
- gives initials to first names of authors
- italicizes book and journal titles
- capitalizes the first word and the first word after a semi-colon of a journal article title
- capitalizes all major words in journal titles
- common elements & order of citation elements:
Reference List: Basic Rules (OWL Purdue) Reference List: Author/Authors (OWL Purdue)
Note: hanging indents not included
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APA Citation
American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is used to avoid plagiarism and give credit to others for their work. APA (7th edition) requires:
- In-Text Citations for each source when paraphrasing and quoting
- References page with full citation details for each source used
- APA Style Handout
- APA Sample Paper
- APA Sample Annotated Bib
- APA Style Center
- APA Template (Word)
- APA Template (Google Doc)
- Publication Manual of the APA
- Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL)
Consult the Official APA Style Guide
In-Text Citation References Sample Papers
Article (General Format)
Journal article on website or database (doi), journal article on website or database (no doi), newspaper article on website or database, book (general format), book in print, ebook in a database, chapter in a book in print, chapter in a book in database, academic search ultimate, britannica: academic, cq researcher, ebook collection, films on demand, gale ebooks, opposing viewpoints, psycharticles, website (general format), page on a website, article on a website, entire website.
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APA style formatted is standard for research papers. Please address...
APA style formatted is standard for research papers. Please address the following questions.
- What is plagiarism in a research paper and why it is the topic important in higher education?
- What is an in-text citation and when do you use it? Provide an example.
- What is a reference page? Provide an example of an APA reference.
- Name 2 resources you can obtain or access if you have an APA style formatting question when prepared for your senior project?
- Provided one APA style formatting rule to share with your peers. For example; APA formatted research papers are doubled spaced.
Answer & Explanation
Plagiarism in research papers refers to the unethical act of incorporating others' ideas, words, or work into one's own without giving appropriate credit, so breaching academic integrity and infringing upon intellectual property rights. In order to prevent plagiarism, the APA style requires the inclusion of in-text citations (such as "Smith, 2020") whenever referencing another person's ideas. Additionally, a reference page must be included at the conclusion of the paper, which provides comprehensive information about all the sources that have been cited. When seeking guidance on APA formatting, publications such as the APA Style Manual and Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL) are quite beneficial. An important guideline in APA formatting is that the entire research paper, including the title page, abstract, main body, and references, should be double-spaced. This requirement promotes clarity and ensures a consistent and uniform presentation of academic work.
What is Plagiarism in a Research Paper?
Plagiarism in a research paper is the act of using someone else's work, ideas, or intellectual property without proper acknowledgment. It's considered a serious ethical violation in academia for several reasons:
- Misrepresentation : Plagiarism involves presenting someone else's work as your own. This misrepresents the plagiarizer's abilities and undermines the trustworthiness of academic work.
- Intellectual Theft : Original authors spend significant time and effort in producing their work. Using their ideas without credit is akin to intellectual theft.
- Hinders Learning : The purpose of assignments in higher education is to develop critical thinking, analysis, and writing skills. Plagiarism bypasses this learning process.
- Legal and Academic Consequences : Plagiarism can lead to legal repercussions for copyright infringement and academic penalties like failing grades or expulsion.
Importance of Plagiarism Awareness in Higher Education
Plagiarism awareness is crucial in higher education as it:
- Upholds academic integrity and ethical standards.
- Encourages original thought and intellectual rigor.
- Protects the intellectual rights of others.
- Maintains the credibility of academic qualifications.
What is an In-text Citation?
An in-text citation is a method used to give credit to the sources within the body of your paper. When you use information from a source, you need to cite it appropriately in order to avoid plagiarism. In-text citations in APA format typically include the author's last name and the year of publication. For direct quotes, a page number is also included.
Example of an In-text Citation:
- Recent studies (Johnson, 2021) have suggested that mindfulness meditation can significantly reduce stress levels.
- It has been noted that "mindfulness meditation can have a profound impact on stress reduction" (Johnson, 2021, p. 78).
What is a Reference Page?
A reference page in APA format appears at the end of your paper. It lists all the sources that you have cited or referred to in your paper. The purpose is to provide enough information so that your readers can locate the source material. This page is titled "References" and is arranged alphabetically by the authors' last names.
Example of an APA Reference:
- Johnson, L. M. (2021). The effects of mindfulness meditation on stress . Mindful Publishing.
Resources for APA Style Questions
- APA Style Manual : The most authoritative resource for APA formatting and style guidelines.
- Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) : Offers comprehensive, easy-to-follow guidelines on APA formatting.
An APA Style Formatting Rule
- Abstract : Most APA-style papers include an abstract. This is a brief summary of the paper, usually not exceeding 250 words. It appears on its own page, right after the title page.
Adhering to APA style ensures that your academic work is presented clearly and professionally. It also demonstrates respect for the intellectual property of others and upholds the principles of academic integrity.
Please let me know if you need more information. Here to help. Send a clarification request.
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Use the abbreviation "p." (for one page) or "pp." (for multiple pages) before listing the page number (s). Use an en dash for page ranges. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199-201). This information is reiterated below.
The Basics General guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay Author/Authors How to refer to authors in-text, including single and multiple authors, unknown authors, organizations, etc. Reference List Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formats Basic Rules
General Format In-Text Citations: The Basics In-Text Citations: Author/Authors Reference List: Basic Rules Reference List: Author/Authors Reference List: Articles in Periodicals Reference List: Books Reference List: Other Print Sources Reference List: Electronic Sources Reference List: Audiovisual Media Reference List: Other Non-Print Sources
Purdue OWL Research and Citation APA Style (7th Edition) APA Style Introduction APA Style Introduction These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style.
General APA Guidelines Your essay should be typed and double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11"), with 1" margins on all sides. Include a page header (also known as the "running head") at the top of every page. For a professional paper, this includes your paper title and the page number.
ISBN: 9781433832161 Publication Date: 2019-10-01 The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) provides instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few topics covered by the OWL. APA Style Introduction APA 7th
In-Text Citations: The Basics Reference List: The Basics Types of APA Papers APA Changes 6th Edition General APA Facts APA Sample Paper Purdue OWL: Writing Tips Choosing a Topic Where Do I Begin? Developing Strong Thesis Statements Writing a Research Paper Citation Management Citation Management Tools Quick Reference Generators
Basic Rules for Most Sources All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation. All authors' names should be inverted (i.e., last names should be provided first). Authors' first and middle names should be written as initials.
Purdue OWL Research and Citation APA Style (7th Edition) APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition) APA Sample Paper APA Sample Paper Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.
APA 7th Edition Citation Format instructions--Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Style Manual Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. by American Psychological Association Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020 (three copies at HSSE reference desk, one in HICKS) ISBN: 9781433832161 Publication Date: 2020
Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) tutorials Short YouTube videos on the APA style. APA Guidelines & Expectations Download the Guidelines for APA Writing Style and Format file. Using APA to Cite Sources Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing Frequently Asked Questions about APA Style®
Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 5th edition of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page.
Learn the basics of APA Style, including how to format a manuscript, understand the form and function of common manuscript parts, organize and express your thoughts clearly and precisely, employ the mechanics of style, use graphic elements effectively, credit sources and acknowledge the contributions of others, and construct a comprehensive and ...
In APA, the in-text citation is generally placed in parenthesis at the end of your sentence with the author's last name and year. The page number is also required if you are directly quoting from a source. Precede a single page number with p. Precede a range of pages with pp. If page numbers are unavailable, you will need to use the paragraph ...
English Developed by Purdue's Online Writing Lab. Contains resources on in-text citation and the references page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster.
to the APA Publication Manual (2019) in book format or online (apastyle.apa.org), or the Purdue OWL (owl.purdue.edu). In-Text Citations for a Work by Multiple Authors • For a work by two authors, name both authors each time you cite the work. When using a signal ... (APA, 2019) In-Text Citations for Two or More Works by One Author in Same Year
APA Style. This webpage will help answer any question you have about APA Style. It covers paper formatting, end reference and in-text citations, and provides examples for papers and citations. APA Style Blog. The APA Style Blog covers unique questions about resources that may not appear on this guide or in their manual.
The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. ... APA In-Text Citations APA References. APA Formatting ...
Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) is the "go to" for instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few of the topics OWL has. Check out their website for more. https://owl.purdue.edu/index.html APA Style Introduction APA 7th APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th General Formating APA 7th In-Text Citation: Authors APA 7th
Text begins as a new paragraph. WE ARE HERE TO HELP! as a regular FORMATTING • Double space the entire paper, including title page and references. • Set all four margins at 1 inch (2.5cm) . • - point Times New Roman, 11 -point Arial or Calibri) • • Include a title and reference page , number all pages .
Citation General Guidelines Include as much of the information below when citing images in a paper and formal presentations. Apply the appropriate citation style (see below for APA, MLA examples). Image creator's name (artist, photographer, etc.) Title of the image Date the image (or work represented by the image) was created
APA Formatting & Style Guide by Purdue Owl. APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 7th edition of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the ...
APA 7 In-Text Citations ; Infographics, Images, and Tables ; Citing in Presentations; Chicago Manual of Style (Purdue OWL) IEEE Citations (Purdue OWL) The Infographic Within the Paper. Required Elements: It must be numbered. (Figure 1, Image 1, Table 1, etc.) It must be titled (This Fancy Infographic, Table of Dolphins by Season)
APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr's free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).
Big Picture. APA style features in-text parenthetical citations, with a focus on author/date, and a corresponding Reference page.. In-Text Citations . elements include author's last name, year of publication and page number(s) elements in are separated by commas - Example: (Arnold, 2015, p. 378) a direct quote requires a page number preceded by p.
Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL) Consult the Official APA Style Guide. In-Text Citation References Sample Papers. Articles Books Databases Websites Other. Articles. Article (General Format) Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Date). Article title.
is a departure from previous edi ons of APA. The only me you would ever deviate from this format is if using the et al. would cause poten al confusion between different sources, such as having two ar cles from the same year with the same lead author. The Purdue OWL provides the following example with what would
Resources for APA Style Questions. APA Style Manual: The most authoritative resource for APA formatting and style guidelines. Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab): Offers comprehensive, easy-to-follow guidelines on APA formatting. An APA Style Formatting Rule. Abstract: Most APA-style papers include an abstract. This is a brief summary of the paper ...