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4.4 How to Cite with CSE

This guide is based on the 8th edition (2014) of Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers and covers the CSE Name-Year citation system.

In-text citations

In text citations include the surname(s) of the author(s) and the year of publication. Follow these guidelines to format your in text citations correctly.

1. How names are displayed depends on the number of authors:

2. To cite multiple works at once, list the works in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.

(Hanlon 2007; Arnaud 2015; Torras 2016)

3. If you are quoting a paper, include the page number of the quotation as follows:

(Mathevon et al. 2017: 2353)

Reference list citations

Reference list citations change depending on the type of item you are citing. Examples are below. I

Notes for all citations:

  • Citations have a hanging indent, that means every line after the first line is indented to the right.
  • If the first work is “the” or “a”/”an”, capitalize the second letter as well
  • CSE uses journal title abbreviations. To search for the appropriate abbreviation try CASSI or Web of Science Journal Title Abbreviations

Journal Article

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Year. Article title. Journal title abbreviation. Volume(issue):pages.

CSE style for an article

Online Journal Article

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC.. Year. Article title. Journal title abbreviation. [accessed Year Mon Day];Volume(issue):pages. Notes.

Note: Online article citations contain the day accessed. The notes contains the article URL or the DOI a (unique identifier for each article) if available.

CSE style for an online article

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Year. Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes.

Note: Extent and notes are optional. Extent can include information about pagination or number of volumes. Notes can include other useful information, such as a URL for online works.

CSE style for a book

Chapter in an edited book

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Year. Title of chapter. In: Editor names(s), editor(s). Book title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes.

CSE for a chapter in an edited book

Further help

For more help with CSE and in depth examples, check out the CSE Citation Guide: https://guides.library.ualberta.ca/citing/cse

Library Skills for 2nd Year Biological Sciences Copyright © 2020 by Lauren Stieglitz is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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The CSE style originated in the 1960s, when it was known as the Council of Biology Editors (CBE) style. It was intended to provide style and format guidelines for editors of peer-reviewed biology journals. Over the decades, its scope grew to include many fields of scientific research in both the life sciences and physical sciences. In 2000, the organization became known as the Council of Science Editors (CSE). The style then became known as the CSE style. 

In a reference list prepared in CSE style:

  • journal titles are abbreviated, but no periods are used in the abbreviation. (eg. J Exp Biol)
  • author initials (without periods) are used instead of the author’s given names
  • The last author name within a reference is connected to the others by a comma instead of using the word “and” or an ampersand (“&”).
  • references are formatted using a “hanging” indent.

CSE style allows you to select from one of three systems to cite sources:

  • Citation-Name: Uses superscript numerals to identify in-text citations. In the alphabetized reference list, each numeral corresponds with a unique reference.
  • Citation-Sequence: Uses superscript numerals to identify in-text citations. In the reference list, sources are numbered sequentially by the order in which they appear in the text (so they may not be in alphabetical order by author).
  • Name-Year: Uses parenthetical in-text citations that include author name and the year of publication. The reference list is ordered alphabetically by author name. 

In-text Citation with CSE

The Name-Year system is recommended by many professors in the Dalhousie Department of Biology, but if you're not sure which system to use, be sure to check.

Author's Last Name, Publication Year

(McToad  2010)

All of these pieces must match the corresponding reference list entry exactly!

Example in-text citations, from fictional authors and sources:

Research has shown that the demographic of the fly is a key determining factor in the robustness of its flavour (Frog 1998) .

You could also place part of the citation in the text as follows:

As mentioned in Frog's seminal article (1998) , the demographic of the fly is a key determining factor in the robustness of its flavour.

In this example, the author's name is mentioned in the text itself; therefore the name need not be repeated in the bracketed citation.

Each in-text citation must be associated with an item in a comprehensive list of references at the end of your paper.  Pay attention to your formatting when constructing your reference list. While CSE is not as particular as other citation styles, losing points on an assignment for poorly formatted citations is easily avoided. 

The References Page:

Documents using the CSE style of citation must contain a "References" page at the end of the text. The following are some examples of how to cite commonly used references:

Frog RA. 1998. Expert's guide to artisanal fly cuisine. 2nd ed. Halifax (NS): Imaginary Publishing Inc.

Book, journal and website titles are in sentence case!

Journal Article

Frog RA. 1997. The biology of delicious fly cuisine: enzymes and their mechanisms of actions. Eur J Biochem. 130:(4)435-445.

Journal names are abbreviated!

Ribbit TF. 1998. The life and legacy of Ribbit Frog: a culinary biography. New London (CT): Frog and Toad's Center for Special Collections and Archives; [accessed 2015 Aug 18] . http://www.frogtoadsc.org/Biography.aspx#.UE8foVF76So.

Make sure to include the date accessed!

  • Dalhousie CSE Citation Style Quickguide Downloadable PDF document containing more in-depth information on CSE citations and a variety of information resources.
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4.4: How to Cite with CSE

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This guide is based on the 8th edition (2014) of Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers and covers the CSE Name-Year citation system.

In-text citations

In text citations include the surname(s) of the author(s) and the year of publication. Follow these guidelines to format your in text citations correctly.

1. How names are displayed depends on the number of authors:

2. To cite multiple works at once, list the works in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.

(Hanlon 2007; Arnaud 2015; Torras 2016)

3. If you are quoting a paper, include the page number of the quotation as follows:

(Mathevon et al. 2017: 2353)

Reference list citations

Reference list citations change depending on the type of item you are citing. Examples are below. I

Notes for all citations:

  • Citations have a hanging indent, that means every line after the first line is indented to the right.
  • If the first work is “the” or “a”/”an”, capitalize the second letter as well
  • CSE uses journal title abbreviations. To search for the appropriate abbreviation try CASSI or Web of Science Journal Title Abbreviations

Journal Article

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Year. Article title. Journal title abbreviation. Volume(issue):pages.

CSE style for an article

Online Journal Article

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC.. Year. Article title. Journal title abbreviation. [accessed Year Mon Day];Volume(issue):pages. Notes.

Note: Online article citations contain the day accessed. The notes contains the article URL or the DOI a (unique identifier for each article) if available.

CSE style for an online article

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Year. Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes.

Note: Extent and notes are optional. Extent can include information about pagination or number of volumes. Notes can include other useful information, such as a URL for online works.

CSE style for a book

Chapter in an edited book

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Year. Title of chapter. In: Editor names(s), editor(s). Book title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes.

CSE for a chapter in an edited book

Further help

For more help with CSE and in depth examples, check out the CSE Citation Guide: https://guides.library.ualberta.ca/citing/cse

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Cite Your Sources: CSE (Name-Year)

What is cse (name-year), how do i format my in-text citations, how do i format my end references, article in a journal or periodical (print), article in a journal or periodical (online), part of an edited book or collection, help with..., resources to help with writing.

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  • Check out our full list of online writing resources These guides, templates, and videos are designed to help academic writers at various stages of their writing process, including the pre-writing and revising stages.

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  • Uses the author and year in parentheses as the in-text citation, e.g., (Jones 2011), and lists the references in alphabetical order within the References list.
  • Preferred by many writers in scientific disciplines related to experimental and observational science (including physical sciences, mathematics, and life sciences).
  • Information in this guide is based on the 7th edition of Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers.

Place the citation as close as possible following the relevant title, word, or phrase.

  • (Smith 2009)
  • Smith (2009) tested this hypothesis.
  • Smith's (2009) study tested this hypothesis.
  • In 2009, Smith tested this hypothesis.
  • This hypothesis was tested (Smith 2009).
  • Six species share this trait (Jones 2010).
  • Do not place the citation at the end of a sentence if the reader would be confused about which information came from which reference. 
  • If you include the titles of works within the text of your paper, use "double quotation marks" for the title of an article or chapter, and italics for the title of a book or a periodical.
  • The reference list comes at the end of your paper and provides the full bibliographic information for your materials.
  • The references are organized in alphabetical order by author last name.
  • It should be titled "References" or "Literature Cited."
  • If you used other material but didn't specifically cite it, include it in a section called "Additional References."
  • Obtain the original paper and cite it instead of the secondary source. If you can't obtain the original paper, cite in the References list only the secondary source that you actually read.
  • Square brackets are used to show that information has been added by the person doing the citing, e.g., [date unknown], [videocassette], [cited 2011 Jan 23].
  • References to nonprint materials may use both a "content designator" to indicate the nature of a work, (e.g., editorial, letter, dissertation, database, computer program, homepage, etc.) and a "medium designator" to indicate the specific nonprint medium (e.g., videocassette, microfiche, internet, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.). You can combine them as [database on the internet] and [homepage on the internet].

Author AA, Author BB. Year. Article title. Journal Title. Volume number(issue number):inclusive pages.

Burns LH, Thorpe G. 1979. Fears and phobias. Journal of Internal Medical Research. 17(2):235-246.

Author AA, Author BB. Date of publication. Article title. Journal Title (edition) [medium designator]. [date updated; date cited];Volume(issue):inclusive pages. Available from: URL doi#

Tong V, Abbott FS, Mbofana S, Walker MJ. 2001. In vitro investigation of hepatic extraction. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. [cited 2001 May 3];4(1):15-23. Available from: http://www.ualberta.ca/~csps/JPPS4(1)/F.Abbott/RSD1070.pdf  doi:10.1136/jpps.460.7600.1070

If there is no pagination in your online material, estimate how many pages it has:

Ganz PA. 1997 Apr. Menopause and breast cancer. Innovations in Breast Cancer Care [Internet].[cited 1997 Nov 4];2(3);[about 10 p.]. Available from: http://meniscus.com/Art2_23.html/.

NOTE: When the reference ends with a URL, do not follow with a period unless the URL ends with a forward slash.

Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Year. Title of work. Edition. Place of publication (State or Prov): Publisher name. Number of pages p.

Agrios GN. 1978. Plant pathology. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Academic Press. 703 p. 

Davidson RH, Lyon WF. 1979. Insect pests of farm garden, and orchard. 7th ed. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons. 596 p.

Author(s) of the part. Year. Title of the part. In: Author(s) or Editor(s). Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher name. p. pages of part.

Kuret JA, Murad F. 1990. Adenohypophyseal hormones and related substances. In: Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, editors. The pharmcological basis of therapeutics. 8th ed. New York (NY): Pergamon. p. 1334-1360.

Author(s) or Editor(s). Year. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher name. Kind of part and its numeration, title; p. pages of part.

Hebel R, Stromber MW. 1976. Anatomy of the laboratory rat. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins. Part C, Digestive system; p. 43-54.

  • In-Text Citations
  • End References

Citing Source Types

  • One or Two Authors
  • Three or More Authors
  • Article in a Journal or Periodical (Print)
  • Article in a Journal or Periodical (Online)
  • An Edited Book or Collection
  • Part of an Edited Work or Collection
  • Organization/Group as Author
  • Newspaper Article
  • Anonymous/No Author
  • Date Unknown
  • Unpublished Information
  • Website Homepage
  • Parts and Contributions to Websites
  • Course Readers
  • Course Manuals
  • Lecture Notes
  • Personal Communications

Common citation questions

  • A Specific Part of a Source
  • A Secondary Source
  • Multiple Sources, Same Author
  • Multiple Sources, Different Authors
  • Different Authors, Same Last Name

Guide: Plagiarism and Academic Integrity

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  • Next: More Examples >>
  • Last Updated: Dec 2, 2022 1:39 PM
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Moscow City Council v Bankers Trust Company and Another

  • Arbitration Law
  • Domestic Arbitration
  • Practice and Procedure
  • Court System
  • Entertainment and Media
  • Human Rights
  • Rights and Freedoms

[2004] EWCA Civ 314

The Vice-Chancellor

Lord Justice Mance and

Lord Justice Carnwath

Case No: A3/2003/1477

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE

COURT OF APPEAL (CIVIL DIVISION)

ON APPEAL FROM THE QUEEN'S BENCH

DIVISION COMMERCIAL COURT (COOKE J.)

Royal Courts of Justice

London, WC2A 2LL

Mr Graham Dunning QC & Mr Paul Key (instructed by Hogan & Hartson) for the Appellants

Mr Michael Bloch QC (instructed by Clifford Chance LLP) for the Respondent (BTC)

Mr Michael Sullivan (instructed by Watson Farley & Williams) for the Respondent (IIB)

Introduction

Party autonomy is fundamental in modern arbitration law. S. 1 of the Arbitration Act 1996 provides that the provisions of Part I ( sections 1 –84)

"…. are founded on the following principles, and shall be construed accordingly- (a) the object of arbitration is to obtain the fair resolution of disputes by an impartial tribunal without unnecessary delay or expense; (b) the parties should be free to agree how their disputes are resolved, subject only to such safeguards as are necessary in the public interest; (c) in matters governed by this Part the court should not intervene except as provided by this Part".

Among features long assumed to be implicit in parties' choice to arbitrate in England are privacy and confidentiality. The Act's silence does not detract from this. In its Report on the Arbitration Bill dated February 1996 (paragraphs 10–17), the Departmental Advisory Committee ("DAC") (chaired by Lord Saville) recorded that "there is …. no doubt whatever that users of commercial arbitration in England place much importance" on privacy and confidentiality "as essential features". The DAC cited a survey conducted among "Fortune 500" US corporations for the London Court of International Arbitration by the London Business School in 1992. It observed that it was open to arbitration institutions to express corresponding principles in their rules (as the UNCITRAL rules relevant in this appeal do) . It was the difficulty of reaching a statutory formulation, in the light of "the myriad exceptions" and the qualifications that would have to follow, that led the DAC to conclude that the courts should be left to continue to work out the implications "on a pragmatic case-by-case basis".

S. 68 is one of the safeguards "necessary in the public interest", mentioned in section 1 . It enables a party to arbitral proceedings to

"apply to the court challenging an award in the proceedings on the ground of serious irregularity affecting the tribunal, the proceedings or the award".

Pursuant to The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 5) Rules 2001 S.I. No. 4015 (L32), the relevant rules governing such applications have since 25 th March 2002 been CPR 62.2 to 62.10 ("Section I" of Part 62) . For the purposes of claims under the 1996 Act, CPR 62.2 contains a wide definition of "arbitration claim", which includes any application under s.68:

"62.2-(1) In this Section of this Part "arbitration claim" means- (a) any application to the Court under the 1996 Act; (b) a claim to determine- (i) whether there is a valid arbitration agreement; (ii) whether an arbitration tribunal is properly constituted; or what matters have been submitted to arbitration in accordance with an arbitration agreement; (c) a claim to declare that an award by an arbitral tribunal is not binding on a party; and (d) any other application affecting- (i) arbitration proceedings (whether started or not) ; or (ii) an arbitration agreement. (2) This Section of this Part does not apply to an arbitration claim to which Section II or III of this Part apply."

CPR 62.10 provides:

"(1) The court may order that an arbitration claim be heard either in public or in private. (2) Rule 39.2 does not apply. (3) Subject to any order made under paragraph (1) — (a) the determination of— (i) a preliminary point of law under section 45 of the 1996 Act; or (ii) an appeal under section 69 of the 1996 Act on a question of law arising out of an award, will be heard in public; and (b) all other arbitration claims will be heard in private. (4) Paragraph (3) (a) does not apply to— (a) the preliminary question of whether the court is satisfied of the matters set out in section 45(2) (b) ; or (b) an application for permission to appeal under section 69(2) (b) ."

CPR 62.11 to 62.16 ("Section II") regulate pre-1996 Act arbitration claims and include no equivalent of CPR 62.10 .

The issue on this appeal is whether a judgment dismissing an application made under s.68 or failing that a Lawtel summary should be available either for general publication or for limited publication to specified financial institutions. The appellants, the Department of Economic Policy and Development of the City of Moscow and The Government of Moscow (together "Moscow"), submit that it should be. The respondents, Bankers Trust Company ("Bankers Trust") and International Industrial Bank ("IIB"), resist this. The judgment was given by Cooke J on 21 st March 2003, dismissing applications under s.68 by Bankers Trust and IIB, seeking respectively the remission and the setting aside of a single arbitrator's award dated 30 th May 2002 for serious irregularity. The following circumstances are already in the public domain: that the arbitration involved three sets of parties, Bankers Trust, Moscow and IIB; that the arbitration was under UNICTRAL rules in London; that Bankers Trust was claiming to recover funds allegedly advanced under a Credit Agreement No. 750 dated 24 th October 1997 made originally between Moscow and IIB; and that under the award Bankers Trust succeeded against IIB, but not against Moscow. UNCITRAL Rules provide:

"25.4 Hearings shall be held in camera unless the parties agree otherwise. …. 32.2 The awards shall be made in writing and shall be final and binding on the parties. The parties undertake to carry out the award without delay. …. 32.5 The award may be made public only with the consent of both parties".

The arbitration took place in private, and the award was published only to the parties. Bankers Trust's and IIB's application under s.68 were themselves heard "in private" under CPR 62.10 (3) (b) . No contrary application or order was made under CPR 62.10 (1) .

Prior to and during the arbitration Bankers Trust gave notice to various financial institutions who had at IIB's or its instance acquired an interest as sub-participants in Credit Agreement No. 750; and, after receiving the award it wrote to those investors implying that its failure to establish any default by Moscow was due to a "surprising" application of Russian law by the arbitrator. While the London arbitration was in progress, on 23 rd October 2001 the City of Moscow issued an Offering Circular, through ING Barings and UBS Warburg as lead managers in London with Chase Manhattan (London) as trustee, to raise Euro 300,000,000 by way of loan participation notes due 2004. The Circular referred to claims against it in an ongoing arbitration by "an international bank" in respect of a loan allegedly made to it by a Russian bank, and recorded that Moscow contested these claims on the basis that it had never received the funds and said that it believed that the funds had been "improperly misappropriated" by the Russian bank. Further, the judgment which Cooke J handed down in writing on 21 st March 2003 was not marked private, and, although the point about privacy was immediately raised with him and stood over for further argument, Lawtel received a copy of the judgment, which in good faith it summarised on its website and by email to its 15,000 or so subscribers, in each case with a link to the full text on its website. Objection was at once raised by Bankers Trust and the material on Lawtel's website was deleted. There is no evidence that any subscriber in fact downloaded all or any part of the full transcript during the limited time that this was on the web. But the relevant email summaries remained, and may still remain, on computers belonging to all those subscribers who received the email summary.

Both before Cooke J and before us, Moscow's primary case has been that the judgment or failing that the Lawtel summary should be available for general publication. Only alternatively has Moscow applied for limited permission to send the judgment, or the Lawtel summary, to the sub-participants in Credit Agreement No. 750. There are two potential problems about this alternative. First, I find it difficult to see how, if such publication were permitted, publication could or would be restricted to sub-participants. But I do not think that could be critical if publication to them was otherwise justified, and it does not arise if more general publication is justified. Second, Bankers Trust has in its skeleton, although it did not stress this orally, objected that use of the sub-participants' identities for the proposed distribution would conflict with Moscow's implied obligation to keep confidential information obtained by way of disclosure in the course of the arbitration. That problem is not before us, and we are not in a position to adjudicate on it. Moscow's expressed reason for wishing for publication is that it should be able to demonstrate "to the international financial markets" or "investment community" generally that the arbitration award holding that it had not committed any sort of financial default "had been the subject of detailed and careful scrutiny by the Commercial Court which rejected all … attacks" upon it. ...

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COMMENTS

  1. CSE

    CSE is the citation style of the Council of Science Editors, and it is commonly used for scientific writing. CSE allows three different systems for in text citation style and ordering your reference list; you must pick one and be consistent.

  2. Free CSE Citation Generator [Updated for 2024]

    Updated for 2024 Generate accurate CSE citations for books, websites, journals and more, with MyBib! 🤔 What is a CSE Citation Generator? A CSE citation generator is an online tool that creates citations in the Council of Science Editors (CSE) citation style.

  3. Citation and Reference Management

    automatically generate in-text citations and a reference list as you write a paper save or link to full-text documents (e.g., PDFs) annotate PDFs share references with others sync references across multiple devices Choosing Reference Management Software

  4. 4.4 How to Cite with CSE

    CSE This guide is based on the 8th edition (2014) of Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers and covers the CSE Name-Year citation system. In-text citations In text citations include the surname (s) of the author (s) and the year of publication.

  5. LibGuides: Citation Style Guide: CSE 8th Edition

    LibGuides Citation Style Guide CSE 8th Edition CSE Citation Style The CSE style originated in the 1960s, when it was known as the Council of Biology Editors (CBE) style. It was intended to provide style and format guidelines for editors of peer-reviewed biology journals.

  6. 4.4: How to Cite with CSE

    Notes for all citations: Citations have a hanging indent, that means every line after the first line is indented to the right. Only the first word of titles or proper nouns should be capitalized. If the first work is "the" or "a"/"an", capitalize the second letter as well; CSE uses journal title abbreviations.

  7. PDF WHY CITE?

    - If you use a citation software (such as https://guides.library.ualberta.ca/refworks) to create a reference list, ensure that you proofread each entry. Citation programs are excellent for rough drafts, but they cannot ensure correct formatting. - The University of Alberta offers RefWorks through the library system

  8. PDF CSE Name-Year Citation Style Guide

    to cite your sources constitutes plagiarism. The Council of Science Editors (CSE) style is a standard citation style used across many disciplines in the physical and life sciences.The CSE style encompasses three distinct systems: • Name-Year: In-text citations appear in brackets, and consist of the author(s) last name, as well as the

  9. Guides: Cite Your Sources: CSE (Citation-Name): Start Here

    Start Here - Cite Your Sources: CSE (Citation-Name) - Guides at University of Guelph What is CSE (Citation-Name)? Uses a superscripted number as the in-text citation. Bibliographic information is at the end of the paper in a list called References or Literature Cited. References are listed in alphabetical order.

  10. CSE

    The University of Calgary, located in the heart of Southern Alberta, both acknowledges and pays tribute to the traditional territories of the peoples of Treaty 7, which include the Blackfoot Confederacy (comprised of the Siksika, the Piikani, and the Kainai First Nations), the Tsuut'ina First Nation, and the Stoney Nakoda (including Chiniki, Bearspaw, and Goodstoney First Nations).

  11. Citation and Reference Management

    Complete Manual A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (print) by Kate L. Turabian Includes guidance for conducting research, writing research papers, and citing many different types of sources, in both the notes-bibliography and author-date systems. Last Updated: Jan 17, 2024 1:04 PM

  12. Cite Your Sources: CSE (Citation-Name)

    Cite Your Sources: CSE (Name-Year) One or two authors In-text citation: … therefore, the theory was tested by Smith. 1 … and in a study by Elias and Williams, 2 similar results were found. End Reference: Author AA, Author BB. Title of work. Edition. Place of publication (State or Prov): Publisher name; Year. Number of pages p. Agrios GN.

  13. Guides: Cite Your Sources: CSE (Name-Year): Start Here

    Start Here - Cite Your Sources: CSE (Name-Year) - Guides at University of Guelph What is CSE (Name-Year)? Uses the author and year in parentheses as the in-text citation, e.g., (Jones 2011), and lists the references in alphabetical order within the References list.

  14. r/uAlberta on Reddit: When using CSE citation do you have to intext

    40K subscribers in the uAlberta community. The unofficial subreddit for all things related to the University of Alberta! Coins. 0 coins. Premium Powerups Explore Gaming ... When using CSE citation do you have to intext cite every sentence? For example if there is two sentence that both require same citation what would you do?

  15. Subject Guides: Citation and Reference Management: CSE

    CSE allows three different systems for in text citation style and ordering your reference list; you must select one and be consistent. Name-year: Includes text citations will in name-year sheet, e.g., (Barrow 2004), and the reference list is ordered alphabetically by author.

  16. Subject Guides: APA Citation Style (7th Edition): Home

    What does an APA citation include? There are two parts to every APA citation: an in-text citation for every source quoted or paraphrased; and a complete citation in an alphabetized reference list at the end of the paper. In-Text Citations

  17. Free MLA Citation Generator [Updated for 2024]

    Scroll back up to the generator at the top of the page and select the type of source you're citing. Books, journal articles, and webpages are all examples of the types of sources our generator can cite automatically. Then either search for the source, or enter the details manually in the citation form. The generator will produce a formatted MLA ...

  18. cse citation ualberta

    The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers (eBook) ... CSE Citation Style QuickGuide (University of Alberta Library).... Further help. For more help with CSE and in depth examples, check out the CSE Citation Guide: https://guides.library.ualberta.ca/citing... CSE Style 3 uses in-text citations focused on a citation-name system.

  19. Moscow City Council v Bankers Trust Company and Another

    Introduction. 1. This is a hearing which arises out of the judgment I gave on 19 March 2003, in which I rejected applications made under section 68 of the Arbitration Act 1996. In this judgment I shall use the same abbreviations as I used in my earlier judgment. 2. IIB and Bankers Trust sought to challenge the arbitration award on the ground of ...

  20. Moscow City Council v Bankers Trust Company and Another

    For the purposes of claims under the 1996 Act, CPR 62.2 contains a wide definition of "arbitration claim", which includes any application under s.68: "62.2- (1) In this Section of this Part "arbitration claim" means-. (a) any application to the Court under the 1996 Act; (b) a claim to determine-. (i) whether there is a valid arbitration agreement;

  21. Subject Guides: Citation and Reference Management: MLA

    MLA is a citation style developed by the Modern Language Association, and it is most commonly used in the arts and humanities. MLA style includes parenthetical in-text citations and a works cited list with full citation details. MLA Style Guides MLA Citation Style QuickGuide (U of A)

  22. Moscow City Teachers' Training University

    [citation needed] In 2012, the Moscow Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute (MGPU) joined the university, and in 2013, the Moscow State Academy of Business Administration (MGADA) joined the university. In 2014, 10 teacher training colleges became part of Moscow City Pedagogical University. In 2015, the colleges merged into the K.D. Ushinsky ...