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Instructors—meet BibGuru, our citation app for students

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Today we have something different for you. We have created a new app called BibGuru , a simple and streamlined citation generator specifically designed for K-12 and undergraduate students.

If you are an instructor you should read on to learn how BibGuru can help your students. If you are a Paperpile user, you also should read on and learn how some of the innovations and improvements we made for BibGuru will come to Paperpile.

Meet BibGuru

8.6 million students have used BibGuru since its launch.

Working with students, we realized that full-fledged reference managers like Paperpile are often overkill for simple student essays. So we set out to solve this problem with a new app. Our goal with BibGuru was to create a student-friendly citation app that requires little to no training to use.

It helps students meet learning outcomes and addresses concerns that educators and librarians have about inaccurate, hard-to-use, and ad-filled citation generators.

We launched BibGuru more than a year ago. Since then, 8.6 million students have used it to generate their citations. 970,000 have used it in April 2022.

bibguru apa

  • BibGuru is completely free (and ad-free).
  • It features a search bar that allows students to search for books, websites, and journal articles and add them directly to a bibliography.
  • Students can generate citations and references in MLA, APA, and thousands of other citation styles.
  • Students can create projects for individual assignments and use folders to organize sources based on assignment requirements, source type, or other details.
  • Citations and bibliographies can be exported as a Word file, copied and pasted to Google Docs, or exported as bibliographic data files (BibTeX or RIS) to use with other reference management apps.
  • BibGuru is available in several languages, including Spanish, German, and both Brazilian and European Portuguese.

BibGuru browser extension

Most recently, we developed a BibGuru browser extension for Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge . The extension automatically generates citations for websites and online articles.

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Students love BibGuru

We’re proud of BibGuru’s accuracy and student-friendliness, but don’t just take it from us:

bibguru apa

BibGuru’s Educator Hub

The BibGuru website features an Educator Hub , with instructional materials on citation, academic writing, and plagiarism—including a comprehensive eBook on academic essay writing from idea to submission.

All of the materials are free. Instructors can download materials, remix them, and add them to their institution’s LMS or LibGuides.

Educators can also find student-friendly content on the BibGuru blog .

Educator feedback

If you decide to adopt BibGuru in your classroom, let us know ! We welcome feedback from instructors and librarians so that we can continue to improve BibGuru for students.

What’s in it for Paperpile users?

A lot. Reference and citation management software is the core of our business. We want to build reference and citation software for everyone, so improving our offering for the specific needs of students is something we truly care about.

BibGuru and Paperpile share many components and Paperpile will benefit from our work on BibGuru (and vice versa):

  • We have developed a fast and extensive new database of 90 million articles that powers the real-time search in BibGuru. This database is already used in Paperpile’s Word plugin and Paperpile’s mobile apps and will be included in our web app later this year.
  • The database also contains 30 million books. We have developed new algorithms to collect and clean book data from open and commercial sources. This is an ongoing process, but citing books in Paperpile should get much faster and accurate going forward.
  • We have improved citation accuracy. Students care about correct citations because their grades may depend on it. But, of course, every Paperpile user will also benefit from more accurate citations. For example, updated algorithms to collect metadata from websites have improved website citations considerably. These updates will also land in Paperpile this year.
  • We used BibGuru as a playing ground for trying out new technologies. For example, we will release a completely revamped browser extension experience for Paperpile later this year (including for Safari 😏). Trying new things in BibGuru, we have learned how to push the boundaries of what’s possible in a browser extension.

BibTeX export and Overleaf integration

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Scribbr APA Citation Generator

Accurate APA citations, verified by experts, trusted by millions.

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Citation Generator features you'll love

Search for your source by title, URL, DOI, ISBN, and more to retrieve the relevant information automatically.

APA 6th & 7th edition

Scribbr's Citation Generator supports both APA 6 and APA 7 (as well as MLA and Harvard ). No matter what edition you're using, we’ve got you covered!

Export to Bib(La)TeX

Easily export in BibTeX format and continue working in your favorite LaTeX editor.

Export to Word

Reference list finished? Export to Word with perfect indentation and spacing set up for you.

Sorting, grouping, and filtering

Organize the reference list the way you want: from A to Z, new to old, or grouped by source type.

Save multiple lists

Stay organized by creating a separate reference list for each of your assignments.

Choose between Times New Roman, Arial, Calibri, and more options to match your style.

Industry-standard technology

The Scribbr Citation Generator is built using the same citation software (CSL) as Mendeley and Zotero, but with an added layer for improved accuracy.

Annotations

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Explanatory tips help you get the details right to ensure accurate citations.

Citation guides

Getting to grips with citation is simple with the help of our highly rated APA citation guides and videos .

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Your work is saved automatically after every change and stored securely in your Scribbr account.

  • Introduction
  • Parenthetical vs. narrative
  • Multiple authors

Missing information

  • Sources to include

Tools and resources

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APA 7th edition publication manual

How to create APA citations

APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations.

This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).

  • Cite a webpage
  • Cite a book
  • Cite a journal article
  • Cite a YouTube video

APA in-text citations

APA in-text citations include the author’s last name, publication date, and, if relevant, a locator such as a page number or timestamp. For example, (Smith, 2021, p. 170) . See it as a shorter version of the entry in the reference list .

You should include in-text citations every time you’re quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s ideas or words. In doing so, you give credit to the original author and avoid plagiarism .

Parenthetical vs. narrative citation

The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator.

  • Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020) .
  • Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that …

Multiple authors and corporate authors

The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.

When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below.

APA Citation Generator

Generate accurate APA citations in seconds

Get started

APA references

APA references generally include information about the author , publication date , title , and source . Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.

It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.

Formatting the APA reference page

APA reference page (7th edition)

On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order .

Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page:

  • Double spacing (within and between references)
  • Hanging indent of ½ inch
  • Legible font (e.g. Times New Roman 12 or Arial 11)
  • Page number in the top right header

Which sources to include

On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation ). You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).

In addition to the APA Citation Generator, Scribbr provides many more tools and resources that help millions of students and academics every month.

  • Citation Generator : Generate flawless citations in APA, MLA , and Harvard style .
  • Citation Checker : Upload your paper and have artificial intelligence check your citations for errors and inconsistencies.
  • Free plagiarism checker : Detect plagiarism with unparalleled accuracy with Scribbr’s free plagiarism checker.
  • AI Proofreader : Upload and improve unlimited documents and earn higher grades on your assignments. Try it for free!
  • Paraphrasing tool: Avoid accidental plagiarism and make your text sound better.
  • Grammar checker : Eliminate pesky spelling and grammar mistakes.
  • Summarizer: Read more in less time. Distill lengthy and complex texts down to their key points.
  • AI detector: Find out if your text was written with ChatGPT or any other AI writing tool. ChatGPT 2 & ChatGPT 3 supported.
  • Proofreading services : Have a professional editor (or team of editors) improve your writing so you can submit your paper with pride and confidence. Scribbr offers admission essay editing , paper editing , and academic editing .
  • Guides and videos : Explore hundreds of articles, bite-sized videos, time-saving templates, and handy checklists that guide you through the process of research, writing, and citation.

🥳 New Style: APA 7th edition is here!

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Happy new year bibbers! We're starting ours by adding a fresh new style to MyBib.

The handbook for the new 7th edition of APA style was released back in October -- see the most notable changes here -- and we've just finished loading them into MyBib.

Now you can find APA 7 (American Psychological Association 7th edition) in the style changer, or on any of the tools pages (like our quick-fire APA citation generator ).

We don't expect many teachers or professors will want you to use the 7th edition just yet, but it's there for you if you need it!

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

APA style 7th edition handbook front cover

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How To Use BibGuru: Additional Resources

  • Getting Started
  • Choosing a Citation Style
  • Using the Search Bar
  • Adding Sources Manually
  • Editing and Copying Citations
  • Creating In-Text Citations
  • Creating Projects and Folders
  • Exporting Citations
  • Using the Browser Extensions
  • Additional Resources

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Citation Resources

APA Citation Guide   This guide provides a detailed overview of APA style.

APA Citation Guides   This website is organized by source type and provides details about, and examples of, correct APA citations.

Citation Styles by Discipline   This resource offers guidance on discipline-specific citation styles.

Estilo Vancouver   Esta guía se centra en el estilo Vancouver.

Guías de Vancouver   Este recurso contiene ejemplos de citas para múltiples tipos de fuentes.

MLA Citation Guide   This guide explores the core elements of MLA style and includes examples.

MLA Citation Guides   This website is organized by source type and provides details about, and examples of, correct MLA citations.

The ultimate guide to citing in APA   This guide provides detailed information on creating citations in APA style.

The ultimate guide to citing in MLA   This guide provides detailed information on creating citations in MLA style.

Writing and Research Guide   This guide provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of the research and writing process.

plagiarism bibguru illustration

What is Plagiarism? This article covers the basics of plagiarism and how to avoid it.

Plagiarism Checklist This checklist provides guidance on avoiding plagiarism.

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  • Last Updated: Feb 27, 2023 11:42 AM
  • URL: https://paperpile.libguides.com/how-to-use-BibGuru

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Information about the citation generator website BibGuru

  • Use BibGuru to Create Citations
  • APA Citation Generator This link opens in a new window
  • MLA Citation Generator This link opens in a new window
  • IEEE Citation Generator This link opens in a new window

What is BibGuru?

  • BibGuru is a free (and ad-free) citation tool for students.

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With Bibguru, you can:

  • Search for website, article, and book sources and add them to a bibliography with one click.
  • Add citations for more than 60 other source types.
  • Create bibliographies in APA, MLA, and thousands of other citation styles.
  • Export your citations as a Word file or copy them into Google Docs.
  • Sign-up to save your citations and organize them into projects and folders.

BibGuru Citation Guides

  • APA Citation Guide
  • MLA Citation Guide
  • Harvard Citation Guide
  • Chicago Citation Guide

Browser Extension

You can now cite directly from  google chrome  and  microsoft edge  with  bibguru ’s new browser extension..

  • Next: Use BibGuru to Create Citations >>

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BibGuru is a free APA and MLA citation generator

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Folders and files, repository files navigation, bibguru - free citation generator.

BibGuru is a FREE citation maker that can generate bibliographies, reference lists, and in-text citations in seconds. No-sign required, and no distracting ads!

APA citation generator

You can easily create citations in APA 7th edition as well as APA 6th edition.

MLA citation generator

BibGuru supports botht MLA 7th and 8th edition.

Hundreds of supported citation styles

BibGuru does not only support APA and MLA, but also hundreds of other citation styles:

  • ACS citation generator
  • AMA citation generator
  • APSA citation generator
  • ASA citation generator
  • Chicago citation generator
  • CSE citation generator
  • GSA citation generator
  • Harvard citation generator
  • IEEE citation generator
  • JAMA citation generator
  • MHRA citation generator
  • Turabian citation generator
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  • and many more

Browser shortcut: citation.new

You can use the browser shortcut citation.new to start citing right away.

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

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Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

In-Text Citations

Resources on using in-text citations in APA style

Reference List

Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formats

Other APA Resources

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BibGuru: Free Citation Generator

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BibGuru MLA Citation Generator

Cite websites, books, articles, ...

BibGuru MLA Citation Generator citation generator

Your Works Cited page in MLA

  • A closer look at MLA's core elements

In-text citations in MLA

Formatting your paper in mla, helpful resources on mla style, the ultimate guide to citing in mla.

The MLA citation style was developed by the Modern Language Association of America, an association of scholars and teachers of language and literature.

The MLA publishes several academic journals, and the MLA Handbook , a citation guide for high school and undergrad students. The MLA Handbook provides guidelines for writing and documenting research, as well as tips for the use of the English language in your writing.

MLA is a very popular citation style. However, if you are unsure which citation style to use in your paper, ask your instructor. There are many different citation styles and using the style your instructor or institution has established correctly can have a positive impact on your grade.

This guide is based on the 9th edition of the MLA Handbook and aims at helping you cite correctly in MLA. The MLA Handbook provides guidelines for a large variety of sources and uses a two-part documentation system for citing sources:

  • in-text parenthetical citations (author, page)
  • a reference list at the end of paper with all literature used in text.

Each source that was cited in the text or notes of your paper should appear in a list at the end of the paper. MLA calls the reference list a "Works Cited" page.

mla book image

I want to cite a ...

Your Works Cited list identifies the sources you cite in the body of your research project. Works that you consult during your research, but don't use and cite in your paper, are not included. Your Works Cited list is ordered alphabetically by the part of the author's name that comes first in each entry.

Entries in the list of works cited are made up of core elements given in a specific order, and there are optional elements that may be included. The core elements in your works cited list are the following, given in the order in which they should appear, followed by the correct punctuation mark. The final element in an MLA reference should end with a period:

  • Title of source.
  • Title of container,
  • Contributor,
  • Publication date,

To use this template of core elements, first evaluate what you are citing to see which elements apply to the source. Then list each element relevant to your source in the order given on the template. For a work containing another work (e.g. an article published in a journal and contained in a database), you can repeat the process by filling out the template again from Title of container to Location , listing all elements that apply to the container.

Step-by-step guide to create a Works Cited entry

Let's try this with a journal article. If you wanted to cite the article , “What Should We Do with a Doctor Here?”: Medical Authority in Austen’s Sanditon ," from the journal, Nineteenth-Century Contexts , the process would look like this:

  • First, you would determine the author. In this case, that's Amy Mallory-Kani. so the first part of your reference would be: Mallory-Kani, Amy.
  • Next, you'd want to include the title of the source in quotation marks, followed by a period: “What Should We Do with a Doctor Here?”: Medical Authority in Austen’s Sanditon."
  • After the title of the source, you need to list the container. In this case, it's the journal's name, Nineteenth-Century Contexts , italicized and followed by a comma.
  • For journal articles, the title of the container needs to be followed by version, or the volume number of the journal, separated by a comma from the issue number: vol. 39, no. 4,
  • Since there is not typically a publisher listed for journal articles, the next step is to include the date, followed by a comma: 2017,
  • Finally, you'll end your reference by adding the page numbers for the article, followed by an ending period: pp. 313-26.

If we put this all together, the full reference will look like this:

EXAMPLE Journal article

Mallory-Kani, Amy. “'What Should We Do with a Doctor Here?': Medical Authority in Austen’s Sanditon ”. Nineteenth-Century Contexts , vol. 39, no. 4, 2017, pp. 313-26.

MLA has a specific rule about how to structure page numbers in a works cited entry. Use pp. and then list the number. If the page range is within ten or one hundred digits, you don't need to repeat the first digit. For example, you would write pp. 51-8 or pp. 313-26.

The following section takes a deeper look at the core elements of an MLA works cited entry to help you get your citation right.

MLA explainer image

A closer look at MLA's core elements

When formatting the author element, make sure to follow these guidelines:

  • When a work is published without an author's name, do not list it as Anonymous . Skip the author element instead and begin with the Title of source .
  • Begin the entry with the last name of the author, so it can be alphabetized under this name. Follow the last name with a comma and the rest of the name as presented by the work.
  • When a source has two authors, include them in the order in which they are presented in the work. Reverse the first of the names as described above.
  • When a source has three or more authors, reverse the first of the names as described above and follow it with a comma and the abbreviation, et al.

EXAMPLE Source with two authors

Gabrielle, Matthew, and David M. Perry. The Bright Ages: A New History of Medieval Europe . Harper, 2021.

In the Title of Source element, you list the title of the work you are citing:

EXAMPLE Title of Source element

Cox, Taylor.  Creating the Multicultural Organization: A Strategy for Capturing the Power of Diversity . Jossey-Bass, 2001.

In general, titles in your Works Cited list are given in full exactly as they are found in the source, except that capitalization, punctuation between the main title and a subtitle, and the styling of titles that normally appear in italic typeface are standardized. The Title of Source element is followed by a period unless the title ends in a question mark or exclamation point.

A container in the context of the MLA template is a work that contains another work. An example of a container can be:

  • A periodical, such as a journal, magazine or newspaper is the container of an article published there.
  • A website or database can be the container of a post, a review, a song, a film, or other media.
  • An art exhibit is the container of an artwork featured in it.

In the example below, the Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability is the container of the article “Vocabulary Knowledge of Deaf and Hearing Postsecondary Students”: 

EXAMPLE Title of Container

Sarchet, Thomastine, et al. “Vocabulary Knowledge of Deaf and Hearing Postsecondary Students.”  Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability , vol. 27, no. 2, Summer 2014, pp. 161–178.

Importantly, a website or a database is not always automatically the container of a work that can be found there. If you click on a Facebook link that takes you to a New York Times article, Facebook is not the container of the article, but the New York Times website is. Be careful to make the distinction here.

The title of Container is normally italicized and followed by a comma.

People, groups, and organizations can be contributors to a work without being its primary creator. There can be a primary author, but a work can also be created by a group of people. Key contributors should always be listed in your entry. Other contributors can be listed on a case-by-case basis. Whenever you list a contributor, include a label describing the role. These kinds of contributors should always be listed in your entry:

  • translators
  • editors responsible for scholarly editions and anthologies
  • editors responsible for edited collections of works by various primary authors from which you cite an individual contribution

EXAMPLE Translator of a work with a primary author

Chartier, Roger. The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Translated by Lydia G. Cochrane, Stanford UP, 1994.

It may be necessary to include other types of contributors if they shaped the overall presentation of the work. Use labels (in lowercase) to describe the contributor's role, such as:

  • translated by

EXAMPLE Creator of a television show

"Strike Up the Band." The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel , created by Amy Sherman-Palladino, season 3, episode 1, Amazon Studios, 2019.

When a source has three or more contributors in the same role, list the first contributor, followed by et al.

EXAMPLE Three or more contributors

Balibar, Étienne. Politics and the Other Scene . Translated by Christine Jones et al., Verso, 2002.

If a source is a version of a work released in more than one form, you need to identify the version in your entry. For example, books are commonly issued in versions called editions .

When citing versions in your Works Cited list, write original numbers with arabic numerals and no superscript. Abbreviate revised (rev.) and edition (ed.) .

EXAMPLE Edition of a work

Black, Joseph, et al., editors. The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Victorian Era . 3rd ed., Broadview, 2021.

The source you are documenting may be part of a sequence, like a volume, issue, or episode. Include that number in your entry:

EXAMPLE Work with a number

Warren, R., et al. “The Projected Effect on Insects, Vertebrates, and Plants of Limiting Global Warming to 1.5°C Rather than 2°C.”  Science (New York, N.Y.) , vol. 360, no. 6390, 2018, pp. 791–795, doi:10.1126/science.aar3646.

Always use arabic numerals in the Number element. If necessary, convert roman numerals or spelled out numerals to arabic numerals.

The publisher is the entity primarily responsible for making the work available to the public. The publisher element may include the following:

  • book publisher
  • studio, network, company, or distributor that produced or broadcast a television show
  • institution responsible for creating website content
  • agency that produced government publication

A publisher's name may be omitted when there is none, or when it doesn't need to be given, for example in:

  • some periodicals (when publication is ongoing)
  • works published by their authors or editors (self-published)
  • websites not involved in producing the content they make available (e.g. Youtube)

This element tells your reader when the version of the book you are citing was published. In the example below, the book was published in 2018:

EXAMPLE Publication date

Lavelle, Christophe, editor.  Molecular Motors: Methods and Protocols. 2nd ed., Humana Press, 2018, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8556-2.

If roman numerals are used, convert them to arabic numerals. Use the day-month-year style to minimize commas in your entry and use the most specific date you can find in your source. Include day, month, and year if your source does:

EXAMPLE Specific Publication date

Merrill, Stephen. "Teaching through a Pandemic: A Mindset for This Moment." Edutopia , 19 Mar. 2020, www.edutopia.org/article/teaching-through-pandemic-mindset-moment.

When time is given and helps define and locate the work, include it.

For paginated print or similar formats (e.g. PDFs), the location is the page range. In other cases, additional information may need to be included with the page numbers so that the work can be found. In this overview, you can see examples for locations:

As mentioned above, Works Cited list entries in MLA style are based on the template of core elements. In some cases, you may need or want to give additional information relevant to the work you are documenting. You can do so by adding supplements to the template. There are two sections where you can add supplements, either:

  • after the Title of Source, or
  • at the end of the entry.

A period should be placed after a supplemental element. Three pieces of information are the most likely to be placed after the Title of Source:

  • A contributor other than the author
  • The original publication date (for a work contained in another work)
  • Generically labeled sections (if any part or section of the work has a unique title as well as generic label)

For example, inserting the contributors' roles and names after the Title of Source element tells the reader that Leila El Khalidi and Christopher Tingley translated only The Singing of the Stars , not all the other works in Short Arabic Plays :

EXAMPLE Supplemental elements

Fagih, Ahmed Ibrahim al-. The Singing of the Stars . Translated by Leila El Khalidi and Christopher Tingley. Short Arabic Plays: An Anthology , edited by Salma Khadra Jayyusi, Interlink Books, 2003, pp. 140-57.

If you need to clarify something about the entry as a whole, you can do it at the end of the entry , like:

  • Date of access
  • Medium of publication (when more than one version of a source is accessible on the same landing page and you are citing a version that is not the default version)
  • Dissertations and theses
  • Publication history
  • Book series
  • Columns, sections, and other recurring titled features
  • Multivolume works
  • Government documents

EXAMPLE Government documents

United States, Congress, House. Improving Broadband Access for Veterans Act of 2016. Congress.gov , www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/6394/text. 114th Congress, 2nd session, House Resolution 6394, passed 6 Dec. 2016.

How to use Bibguru for MLA citations

video cover

In-text citations aim at directing the reader to the entry in your Works Cited list for the source. while creating the least possible interruption in the text. An in-text citation usually contains the author's name (or other first element in the entry in the works cited list) and a page number. The page number usually goes in a parenthesis, placed where there is a natural pause in the text.

A parenthetical citation that directly follows a quotation is placed after the closing quotation mark. No punctuation is used between the author's name (or the title) and a page number:

EXAMPLE Parenthetical citation

“It's silly not to hope. It's a sin he thought.” (Hemingway 96)

The author's name can appear in the text itself or before the page number in the parenthesis:

Cox names five strategies to implement Diversity Management in companies (50).

Here are some additional examples of in-text citations and their corresponding Works Cited entries:

EXAMPLE Citation in prose using author's name

Smith argues that Jane Eyre is a "feminist Künstlerroman " that narrativizes a woman's struggle to write herself into being (86).
Jane Eyre is a "feminist Künstlerroman " that narrativizes a woman's struggle to write herself into being (Smith 86).

EXAMPLE Works cited

Smith, Jane. Feminist Self-Definition in the Nineteenth-Century Novel . Cambridge UP, 2001.

How to correctly style your in-text citations

  • If you are citing an author in your paper, give the full name at first mention and the last name alone thereafter.
  • If you are citing a work with two authors, include both first and last names the first time you mention them in your paper. Then, in a following parenthetical citation, connect the two last names with and .
  • If the source has three or more authors, you may list all the names or provide the name of the first collaborator followed by "and others" or "and colleagues". In a parenthetical citation, list the last name of the first author and et al .

Ditch the frustrations for stress-free citations

The MLA Handbook also provides guidelines on how to present your paper in a clear and consistent way. These are the general guidelines to format your paper correctly , according to MLA. For more details, refer to the MLA Handbook :

  • Use a legible font (e.g. Times New Roman). Font size should be 12 pt.
  • Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides.
  • Double-space the entire text of your paper.
  • Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks.
  • Indent every new paragraph one half-inch from the left margin. You can use your tab bar for this.
  • Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one half-inch from the top and flush with the right margin.
  • Use italics for the titles of longer works.
  • Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically required.
  • On the first page, make sure that the text is left-aligned. Then, list your name, the name of your teacher or professor, the course name and the date in separate lines.
  • Center align your heading. Do not italicize, bold, or underline your title. Also, do not use a period after the title.

The MLA Handbook gives guidance for a multitude of different sources, like websites, television series, songs, articles, comic books, etc., and considers various types of contributors to these sources. BibGuru's MLA citation generator helps you create the fastest and most accurate MLA citations possible. If you want to learn more about MLA citations, check out our detailed MLA citation guides .

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Resources based on the 9th edition of the MLA Handbook

  • Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL)
  • California State University, Northridge Library MLA Style Guide
  • Columbia College Library MLA Style Guide
  • McMaster University Library MLA Style Guide
  • Spartanburg Community College Library MLA Style Guide
  • Madison College Libraries MLA Style Guide
  • California State University, Dominguez Hills Library MLA Style Guide
  • University of Wisconsin-Parkside Library MLA Style Guide

The following resources are based on the 8th edition of the MLA Handbook , but still offer relevant insights on MLA style

  • University of Washington Libraries MLA Style Guide
  • University of North Texas Libraries MLA Style Guide
  • Valencia College Library MLA Style Guide
  • College of Southern Nevada Libraries MLA Style Guide
  • University of Nevada, Reno Libraries MLA Style Guide
  • Montana State University Library MLA Style Guide
  • University of Michigan Library MLA Style Guide
  • University of Vermont Libraries MLA Style Guide
  • University of Illinois Library MLA Style Guide
  • Hillsborough Community College Libraries MLA Style Guide
  • Southern Connecticut State University Library MLA Style Guide
  • Arizona State University Library MLA Style Guide

An in-text citation usually contains the author's name (or other first element in the entry in the works cited list) and a page number. The page number usually goes in a parenthesis, placed where there is a natural pause in the text.

In MLA style, audio-visual material uses the specific time of the audio/video for in-text citations. You need to cite the author's last name and the time or a short version of the title and the time within parentheses, e.g.:

The following scene exemplifies the performer's physical abilities (Thurman 00:15:43-00:20:07).

Anyone can use MLA style given its versatility. However, this format is often used by writers and students working in the arts and humanities, such as linguistics, literature, and history.

Yes, the BibGuru MLA citation generator is completely free and ready to use by students and writers adopting MLA guidelines.

The most recent version of the MLA guidelines is the 9th edition of the MLA Handbook, released in 2021. It is still very new so you should check with your instructor or institution to make sure you're using the right version.

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    Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a book in APA style 7th edition: Author (s) of the book. ( Year of publication ). Title of the book. ( Edition number ed.). Publisher. APA reference list examples Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for a book citation in action: Examples

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