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APA Style Help & Tools

{{page_title}}, best bet: apa's academic writer.

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Academic Writer is the only authoritative and complete online environment for teaching, writing, and publishing in APA Style®, now updated to the 7th Edition. Designed to help users develop their writing and professional research skills, Academic Writer combines sophisticated learning and teaching tools, advanced writing and content management technology, and full integration of APA’s best-selling Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association® to create an unparalleled web-based suite of integrated services and tools.

Access Academic Writer anytime with this link:

library.purdueglobal.edu/academicwriter

Academic Writer Documentation & Tips

The below links lead to more information, tips, and training about the basics of using Academic Writer.

  • Library Guide to Academic Writer
  • Getting Started Guide (PDF)
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  • Accessing the Publication Manual (PDF)
  • Technical Requirements

Using Academic Writer's Writing Tools

Academic Writer contains a Writing section where you can create and write a full APA-formatted paper.  You can write the entire paper in Academic Writer or just use it to setup the title page, headings, and references.  Export your work at any time to a Microsoft Word document.  Below are documents from Academic Writer about the essential features of their Writing tools.  

  • Setting up the Title Page
  • Adding References to Papers (PDF)
  • Adding In-Text Citations (PDF)
  • Adding Tables (PDF)
  • Exporting Papers (PDF)

Featured Items from Academic Writer

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Basics of APA Style

Learn the basics of APA Style, including how to format a manuscript, understand the form and function of common manuscript parts, organize and express your thoughts clearly and precisely, employ the mechanics of style, use graphic elements effectively, credit sources and acknowledge the contributions of others, and construct a comprehensive and reliable reference list.

Academic Writer

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How to Avoid Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism

Learn how to avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, including how to identify plagiarism, understand its risks and consequences, cite sources properly, and develop sound writing practices.

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Learn how to set up the title page of an APA Style paper, including the page header and running head, title, author name and affiliation, and author note.

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Paper Template: ("Merenda" Sample Student Paper)

This sample response paper presents a university student's personal reaction to an article about whether medication is prescribed too often to young children to treat psychological disorders. The title page demonstrates the simple default layout for a student paper. The paper has a simple setup with only a title page, body of text, and references. No "running head"! Response papers typically do not include author notes or abstracts, though this may vary by assignment.

Visit the Writing Center

Need writing help?  Visit the Writing Center to contact a tutor, submit your paper for review and feedback, or ask APA Style-related questions, as well as access dozens of writing tutorials, videos, webinars, and other instructional resources.

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PG Writing Center's Top APA Links

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eBook on APA Style 7th Edition

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Zotero: Free Reference Management Tool

Zotero [zoh-TAIR-oh] is a free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, cite, and share your research sources. This tool is especially popular for heavy researchers at the grad level and above.

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Since 1976, the Writing Lab has supported writers on the West Lafayette campus through a variety of services and community engagement initiatives using student-centered best practices. The Online Writing Lab (OWL) has been an extension of the Writing Lab since 1993, and offers global support through online reference materials and services. The Writing Lab and OWL, both part of the Department of English, are informed by and engage in research within the discipline of Composition and Rhetoric, including the subfields of writing center studies, writing program administration, second language studies, and professional writing.

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

APA Style (7th Edition)

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Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

In this section

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  • In-Text Citation

The APA or American Psychological Association style of citation is mainly used for the social sciences. The style is currently in its 7th edition.

Purdue OWL: APA  Formatting and Style Guide

APA OWL

This resource, updated to reflect the APA Handbook (7th ed.), offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the references page. Check here for help citing more resources or make an appointment with an Oxford librarian!

purdue owl apa reference

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Some example citations are below, from the Purdue OWL APA Guide . Follow the link for more examples!

How To Cite...

Stoneman, R. (2008). Alexander the Great: A life in legend . Yale University Press.

Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. New York University Press.

Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication . American Psychological Association.

Artman, J., Sundquist, J., & Dechow, D. R. (2016). The craft of librarian instruction: Using acting techniques to create your teaching presence. Association of College and Research Libraries.

Armstrong, D. (2019). Malory and character. In M. G. Leitch & C. J. Rushton (Eds.), A new companion to Malory  (pp. 144-163). D. S. Brewer.

Article Icon

When citing a scholarly article from a database if you can not find a DOI, a permalink or a nondatabase URL then you do not need to provide a link in APA 9th edition, unless requested by your professor.   

Mc Aninch, D. (2019, July 15). Seeing France’s wild mountains through a clouded, classic windshield. New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/15/travel/cevennes-france-drive.html

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies.  The Country Today , 1A, 2A.

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15 (3), 5-13.

From an Online Database

Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning.  Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement ,   6 (1), 11 – 16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979

Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book  The self-knower: A hero under control , by R. A. Wicklund & M. Eckert].  Contemporary Psychology , 38 (5), 466–467.

Irwin, D. (2019, July 9). Wot I think: Gato Roboto. [Review of the video game Gato Roboto , published by Devolver Digital, 2019]. Rock Paper Shotgun .  https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2019/07/09/gato-roboto-review/

Website Icon

In APA style, individual webpages and documents hosted online are cited similarly to print content. Note, however, that the URL is typically included at the end of the entry. In APA style, you only need to include the date of access if the page's content will probably change over time (i.e. a wiki page).

Oxford College Library. (n.d.). Mission and Vision - Oxford College Library . https://oxford.library.emory.edu/about/about-oxford-college-library/mission-and-vision

Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist . Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01

Axelrod, A. (2019, August 11). A century later: The Treaty of Versailles and its rejection of racial equality. Code Switch, NPR . https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/08/11/742293305/a-century-later-the-treaty-of-versailles-and-its-rejection-of-racial-equality

Digital Resources

Citing personal photos, digital files, or other electronic resources can be confusing. The important thing to remember is that everything you use for academic or professional work, even if you made it yourself , does need to be cited - every time!

Some URL Notes from Purdue OWL :

Link Icon

  • Many scholarly journal articles found in databases include a DOI (digital object identifier). If a DOI is available, cite the DOI number instead of the URL.
  • Online newspapers and magazines sometimes include a permalink , which is a shortened, stable version of a URL. Look for a “share” or “cite this” button to see if a source includes a permalink. If you can find a permalink, use that instead of a URL.

If you have a question or need to cite something not listed here, schedule a consultation with a librarian!

Visit the Purdue OWL Pages on citing Audiovisual Media and Electronic Sources in APA for more examples!

Play Button Icon

Lushi, K. [Korab Lushi]. (2016, July 3). Albatross culture 1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AMrJRQDPjk&t=148s

Tedx Talks. (2011, Nov. 15). TEDxHampshireCollege - Jay Smooth - How I learned to stop worrying and love discussing race [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbdxeFcQtaU

Speaker Icon

Zuckerman, J. (2015, July 22). To heal [Song]. https:// soundcloud.com/jeremy-zuckerman/to-heal

Dacus, L. (2018). Night shift [Song]. On Historian [Album]. Matador Records.

Personal Interview

A personal interview is one that you have conducted yourself - the "author" is the interviewee. Note that APA style does not require a reference to a personal interview.

Crowl, P. (2019, July 12). Personal interview.

Prime, K. (Host). (2019, March 29). For whom the cowbell tolls [Audio podcast episode]. In Radiolab . WNYC Studios. https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/whom-cowbell-tolls

Photo Icon

Remember to get the permission of all the people in the photo (or their guardians, if minors) before you use it in your work!

Garofalo, C. (2019, April 12). [CSCE contributor gift table] [Photograph]. https://www.christophervisuals.com/OxfordCollege/CSCE/i-wP8vMbB/A

Online Photo or Image

The title of the item for the reference comes from its caption, so if the image has no official caption, you will describe the item inside square brackets. If the work is posted via a username, use that username for the author.

Williams, M. O. (2016, March 10). An Ouled Nail woman in Algeria wears a tattoo that is customary for dancers, 1949 [Photograph]. https:// natgeofound.tumblr.com/post/140802561912/an-ouled-nail-woman-in-algeria-wears-a-tattoo-that

Cash, I. (2011, April 5). Infographic of infographics . [Infographic]. https:// imgur.com/DNxvj

Only include the first 20 words of the post/caption when citing a social media post in APA style. If the post includes images, videos, or links to other sources, indicate that information in brackets after the content description. Also attempt to replicate emojis if possible; if not, describe the emoji (i.e. [Face with Tears of Joy emoji])

Hashtag Icon

U.S. Department of the Interior. (2020, January 10). Like frosting on a cake, snow coats and clings to the hoodoos at Bryce Canyon National Park in Utah [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/USInterior/photos/a.155163054537384/2586475451406120/?type=3&theater

National Geographic [@NatGeo]. (2020, January 12). Scientists knew African grays are clever, but now they’ve been documented assisting other members of their species—even strangers [Tweet; thumbnail link to article]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/NatGeo/status/1216346352063537154

BBC [@bbc]. (2020, January 12). Skywatchers have been treated to the first full moon of 2020-known as a “wolf moon”-at the same time as a [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B7OkWqbBwcf/

Figure 1.  Still Life with Apples and a Pot of Primroses

          

Note. From   Still Life with Apples and a Pot of Primroses  [Painting], by Paul  Cézanne, 1890,   The Metropolitan Museum of  Art,  metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/435882 . Public Domain.

*Figures cited in-text must be both captioned and cited in the bibliography.

In-text citation:

(see fig. X)

(see fig. 3)

Figure Title and Note:

In APA, for images in papers you have the figure number, title and then a note, which serves as the caption. In the note if using copyrighted materials use From when reprinting an image and  Adapted from   if you have adapted an image. For description you place in Brackets this is often the format/medium of artwork, such as painting, photograph, sculpture, etc. 

Fig. X. Title of work or Description of the work 

Note.  From  Title  [description in brackets], by artist full name, c reation year; Institution, URL. Licensing information/public domain information/fair use notation. 

Figure 3.  Still Life with Apples and a Pot of Primroses

Note.  From   Still Life with Apples and a Pot of Primroses  [Painting], by Paul  Cézanne, 1890,  The Metropolitan Museum of Art (metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/435882) . Public Domain.

Figure. 5.  Atlanta Streetcar, 

Note.  From Atlanta Streetcar [Photograph], by Lauren Holley, 2014, Flickr (flickr.com/photos/atlantadowntown/16106577510/). CC BY 2.0.

Bibliography:

Author Last Name, First Initial. (year of publication).  title  [description in brackets]. Source. URL.  Cézanne, P. (1890).  Still Life with Apples and a Pot of Primroses [Painting]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art ,  New York, NY, United States.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/435882.

Image has no known title?

If the work has no title provide a concise but informative description of the work and put it in the brackets. 

Mackintosh, C. R. (1897-1900). [Chair of stained oak]. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England,

Image has no known author?

Omit the author's name, start with the title and move the date after the title:

Still Life with Apples and a Pot of Primroses . 1890 .  The Metropolitan Museum of Art ,  New York, NY, United States. metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/435882.

No creation date?

Use (n.d.) in place of the date, this means "no data"

Cézanne, P. (n.d).  Still Life with Apples and a Pot of Primroses [Painting]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art ,  New York, NY, United States.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/435882.

Are you using a video screenshot?

Fig. X. Still from title of work 

Note . From  title  [description in brackets], by director/ creator, c reation year; Institution, URL. Licensing information/public domain information/fair use notation. 

Figure 4. Still  Lord of the Rings: Fellowship of the Ring

Note. From  Lord of the rings: fellowship of the ring [Still from Film], by Peter Jackson, 2001, Wingnut Films; The Saul Zaentz Company. Copyright 2001 by The Saul Zaentz Company. 

  YouTube & Streaming Video:

  Creator name. (Year, Month day).  Title [description]. Platform, URL.

  Modern Librarian Memoirs. (2017, November 2) What is Information Literacy?  [Video]. YouTube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbe6xBibOL4.

APA uses parenthetical citations for in-text citation. Include the author's last name and the date of the work. Typically you put this at the end of the sentence just before the period.  

In APA, only include the page number if you are directly quoting a source. (If quoting more than one page, use pp. instead of p.).

To cite more than one source, put a semicolon between the two sources' citations.

For more information on APA, see the Purdue OWL page about in-text citation .

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Purdue Owl: APA Formatting & Style Guide

Developed by Purdue's Online Writing Lab. Contains resources on in-text citation and the references page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster.

Author/Editor (By:)

Contributor, corporate author, related organizations, citation type.

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Purdue OWL APA 7th edition

Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) is the "go to" for instruction on how to use APA 7th.  Below are a few of the topics OWL has.  Check out their website for more.  https://owl.purdue.edu/index.html 

  • APA Style Introduction APA 7th
  • APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th
  • General Formating APA 7th
  • In-Text Citation: Authors APA 7th
  • Foot Notes and Appendices APA 7th
  • Changes in the 7th Edition APA 7th

APA Tutorials on 7th edition

 If you need to format your research paper or dissertation in APA style, check out these tutorials from APA.

Video Tutorial

APA 7th edtion

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  • Comparative Chart of APA 6th and APA 7th This is a quick chart created by the Janis P. Bellack Library comparing the new edition of APA.

NOTE FROM APA about 7th edition:

There is no electronic version of APA 7th edition.

"APA does NOT have an institutional license model for APA’s Publication Manual , but electronic versions are available at Vital Source ( www.vitalsource.com ) and RedShelf ( www.redshelf.com ).

 To help students in need of APA Style guidance, tutorials and quick guides adapted from Academic Writer ® , APA’s tool for teaching and learning effective writing, are now freely available through July 1, 2020.

The Basics of Seventh Edition APA Style tutorial and other material will stay on the APAStyle.org site for free after that date. "

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ENGL 26100: World Literature

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Reference Librarian Manager and University Archivist

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The Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers additional guidelines on APA style rules. There are some inaccuracies on the PurdueOWL so check your course syllabus and the  APA Manual  for more information.

View the PurdueOWL's resources on APA  here .

Purdue OWL APA

Publication manual of the american psychological association.

purdue owl apa reference

The  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association  should be the first source to consult when you have APA-related questions. 

APA Style Blog  - This Q&A blog may provide helpful tips.

To view a tutorial on the basics of the APA style by American Psychological Association  click here .

The Writing Center on the Westville Campus

The Writing Center at Purdue University Westville provides a wide range of services, including APA help.  You can reach the Writing Center by phone at (219) 785-5383 or e-mail at  [email protected] . Learn more about the Writing Center, including hours,  here .

The Writing Center at Hammond Campus

The Writing Center at Purdue University Hammond provides a wide range of services, including APA help.  You can reach the Writing Center by phone at (219) 989-2200 or e-mail at [email protected] . Learn more about the Writing Center here .

EndNote Web

EndNote Web is a web-based tool that assists users in generating citations and formatting bibliographies.  This tool is available for free to PNW students, faculty, and staff.  Registration is required for first-time users.

For on campus users, go directly to the MyEndNote Web Login and click on "Sign Up for Account."  Your affiliation with Purdue University Northwest will be authenticated by the IP address.

For off campus users,   Web of Science, and login to the Web of Science.  You can select the My EndNote Web tab at the top of the screen and then select Register. After registering an account, you can access EndNote Web from any computer (on campus or off campus) with your user name and password.

  • Endnote Quick Reference Guide This guide provides an overview of EndNote Web.
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MLA (Modern Language Association) Style

Chicago style, apa (american psychological association) style.

Proper citation is an essential aspect of scholarship. Citing properly allows your reader or audience to locate the materials you have used. Most importantly, citations give credit to the authors of quoted or consulted information.

For detailed instructions on how to cite within the text of your paper, please consult a style manual listed below. 

Here are some  easy web options and more on zotero .

  • MLA Formatting and Style Guide at Purdue OWL

purdue owl apa reference

  • Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) Chicago Manual of Style

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APA Style from OWL Purdue

  • APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition) Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL) guide to APA gives a user friendly overview of APA style. The linked overview should help you better understand how to cite sources using APA 7th edition, including how to format the reference page and in-text citations.
  • APA General Format This webpage provides an overview of the format of an APA style paper.
  • Reference List: Basic Rules This webpage review the basic format of the APA style reference list.
  • Reference List: Articles in Periodicals This webpage describes how to cite articles from journals, magazines, and newspapers.
  • Reference List: Books This webpage shows how to cite books and book chapters in APA style.
  • APA Sample Paper This webpage has an annotated paper that show what an APA style looks like.

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: 7th Edition

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Table of Contents: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

  • Scholarly Writing and Publishing Principles​
  • Paper Elements and Format​
  • Journal Articles Reporting Standards​
  • Writing Style and Grammar​
  • Bias-Free Language Guidelines​
  • Mechanics of Style​
  • Tables and Figures​
  • Works Credited in the Text​
  • Reference List​
  • Reference Examples​
  • Legal References​
  • Publication Process

APA Style Blog

  • APA Style Blog Stay up-to-date on the lastest in APA Style.

Sample articles from the blog

How to cite ChatGPT  (April 7, 2023)

How to capitalize medication names (June 15, 2022)

Introducing APA Style Journal Article Reporting Standards for Race, Ethnicity, and Culture  (November 2, 2023)

APA Style Overview

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IMAGES

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  1. APA

  2. APA Citation Tools

  3. Before apa

  4. APA 7th Edition: References Lists

  5. Citation ✨

  6. Spring 2024 Purdue OWL Website Introduction

COMMENTS

  1. Reference List: Basic Rules

    Cite Using citation machines responsibly Powered by Formatting a Reference List Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper.

  2. APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

    The Basics General guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay Author/Authors How to refer to authors in-text, including single and multiple authors, unknown authors, organizations, etc. Reference List Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formats Cite your source automatically in APA Cite

  3. APA Style Introduction

    Purdue OWL Research and Citation APA Style (7th Edition) APA Style Introduction APA Style Introduction These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style.

  4. Research and Citation Resources

    Cite your source automatically in MLA or APA format Cite Using citation machines responsibly Powered by APA Style (7th Edition) These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style.

  5. APA Style Guide

    ISBN: 9781433832161 Publication Date: 2019-10-01 The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) provides instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few topics covered by the OWL. APA Style Introduction APA 7th

  6. APA Citation Style

    Citation Management Basics This guide provides an overview of citation management software options, including basic functions and the differences between the various options available, including EndNote, EndNote Web, and Zotero.

  7. APA

    Purdue OWL: APA APA Guidlines Videos on the Basics of APA General Format In-Text Citations: The Basics Reference List: The Basics Types of APA Papers APA Changes 6th Edition General APA Facts APA Sample Paper Purdue OWL: Writing Tips Choosing a Topic Where Do I Begin? Developing Strong Thesis Statements Writing a Research Paper Citation Management

  8. Purdue OWL: APA Formatting: Reference List Basics

    37.5K subscribers Subscribe Subscribed Like Share 545K views 11 years ago APA This vidcast introduces the viewers to the basics of APA style documentation, focusing on the reference list. For...

  9. Library: Purdue Global Library: APA Style Help & Tools

    Creating Academic Writer Accounts (PDF) Accessing the Publication Manual (PDF) Technical Requirements Using Academic Writer's Writing Tools Academic Writer contains a Writing section where you can create and write a full APA-formatted paper.

  10. APA Citation Format

    APA 7th Edition Citation Format instructions--Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Style Manual Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. by American Psychological Association Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020 (three copies at HSSE reference desk, one in HICKS) ISBN: 9781433832161 Publication Date: 2020

  11. Purdue Writing Lab/Purdue OWL

    The Online Writing Lab (OWL) has been an extension of the Writing Lab since 1993, and offers global support through online reference materials and services.

  12. APA Style (7th Edition)

    Purdue OWL; Research and Citation; APA Style (7th Edition) APA Style (7th Edition) APA Style (7th Edition) Welcome to the Purdue OWL. This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

  13. PDF APA 7th Edition (2020): Citations & Reference List

    o American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). • For a work by an unknown author or with no credited author, move the title of the work to the beginning of the entry, followed by the date. Only use "Anonymous" as an author if the work itself lists the author as Anonymous.

  14. APA Style

    Purdue OWL: APA Formatting and Style Guide. This resource, updated to reflect the APA Handbook (7th ed.), offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the references page. Check here for help citing more resources or make an appointment with an Oxford librarian!

  15. Purdue Owl: APA Formatting & Style Guide

    Purdue Owl: APA Formatting & Style Guide Bookmark This Developed by Purdue's Online Writing Lab. Contains resources on in-text citation and the references page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster. Author/Editor (By:) Contributor Translator Corporate Author Related Organizations Citation Type Website

  16. APA Formatting and Style Guide

    This resource was written by David Neyhart and Erin Karper. Last full revision by Jodi Wagner. Last edited by Dana Lynn Driscoll on May 17th 2007 at 3:24PM. Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 5th edition of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA ...

  17. Publication Style Guides

    Publication Date: 2019-10-01 Comparative Chart of APA 6th and APA 7th This is a quick chart created by the Janis P. Bellack Library comparing the new edition of APA. NOTE FROM APA about 7th edition: There is no electronic version of APA 7th edition.

  18. APA Citation Help

    The Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers additional guidelines on APA style rules. It provides clear examples of in-text citations and reference page entries for a variety of print and online resources and is used by many universities. You may, occasionally, find inconsistencies between the OWL and the APA Manual.

  19. APA Citation Help

    The Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers additional guidelines on APA style rules. There are some inaccuracies on the PurdueOWL so check your course syllabus and the APA Manual for more information. View the PurdueOWL's resources on APA here.

  20. Citing Your Sources

    Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) APA Style Introduction; APA Reference examples; Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th Edition by American Psychological Association The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. With millions of copies sold ...

  21. PDF Using "et al." in APA 7: A Quick Rundown

    your actual References page entries, you would list out each individual author (up to 20 per citation). References . American Psychological Associa on. (2019, September). ... apa-style.html Purdue OWL. (n.d.) In-text citations: Author/authors. Purdue Online Wri ng Lab.

  22. LibGuides: PSYC 6020 Course Guide: APA Style

    Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL) guide to APA gives a user friendly overview of APA style. The linked overview should help you better understand how to cite sources using APA 7th edition, including how to format the reference page and in-text citations.

  23. Online course or MOOC references

    A lecture or other content from an online course or Mooc is cited similarly to a podcast episode, with the instructor for the lecture listed in the author element of the reference and the names of all course faculty in the editor position within the source element.; Provide a link that will resolve for readers. Because users must enroll in the course and then log in to access the lecture, the ...

  24. Reference List: Electronic Sources

    The equivalent resource for who senior APA 6 style can be found present. Important Note: Some electronic citations necessitate the use of brackets. APA style dictates that brackets should directly surround their content without spaces (e.g., [bracketed content] should look similar this). When possible, in to year, month, press date in references.

  25. PDF APA Style 7th Edition

    Then, provide the TikTok handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period. Provide the specific date of the post. Provide the first 20 words of the caption as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words.