• MLA vs. MP: Decoding Legislative Representatives

Have you ever wondered about the difference between MLAs and MPs in government? With so many acronyms and titles flying around, it can be confusing to understand who does what.

MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) refers to an elected representative at the state or provincial level, serving in the legislative assembly and focusing on state-level governance and policy-making. While MP (Member of Parliament) refers to an elected representative at the national level, serving in the parliament and focusing on national governance, legislation, and policy-making.

  • Parliamentary vs. Presidential Governments
  • Unitary vs. Federal Government
  • Dual vs. Cooperative Federalism

What is an MLA?

An MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) is an elected representative who serves at the state or provincial level in a legislative assembly. MLAs are responsible for representing specific constituencies or districts within their respective states or provinces.

They participate in debates, propose bills, scrutinize state policies, and advocate for the interests and concerns of their constituents within the state legislature.

What is an MP?

An MP (Member of Parliament) is an elected representative who serves at the national level in a country’s parliament. MPs are responsible for representing specific constituencies or electoral districts within the country.

They participate in debates, propose bills, scrutinize national policies, and advocate for the interests and concerns of their constituents within the parliament. MPs play a role in national governance, legislation, and policy-making.

Similarities between MLAs and MPs

  • Both MLAs and MPs may serve on committees and participate in debates in their respective legislative bodies, but only MLAs can introduce legislation in their provincial or territorial legislature.
  • Both MLAs and MPs are responsible for ensuring that their constituents’ voices are heard in government, but they do so in different ways.
  • Both MLAs and MPs engage with the public, hold constituency meetings, address grievances, and act as a bridge between the citizens and the government.
  • Both MLAs and MPs have legislative powers and participate in debates, propose bills, and contribute to the law-making process.
  • Both MLAs and MPs represent their constituents and advocate for their interests and concerns.

Roles and responsibilities of MLAs and MPs

At the provincial level, MLAs are responsible for passing laws that apply only to their province. They also oversee and approve the provincial budget. In addition, MLAs represent the interests of their constituents in the legislature and can introduce Private Members’ Bills.

At the federal level, MPs are responsible for passing laws that apply to all Canadians. They also approve the federal budget and have a role in choosing Canada’s Prime Minister. In addition, MPs represent the interests of their constituents in Parliament and can introduce Private Members’ Bills.

Impact of MLAs and MPs on their constituencies

An MLA’s focus is primarily on provincial issues while an MP’s focus is on federal issues. However, both MLAs and MPs play a role in improving the lives of their constituents. They do this by bringing attention to important issues, advocating for change, and working with other elected officials to get things done.

MLAs are able to directly pass legislation in their province while MPs can only introduce legislation in the House of Commons. This means that MLAs have more power to directly impact their constituents than MPs.

Key differences between MLA and MP

  • Legislative Body: MLAs serve in the legislative assembly at the state or provincial level, while MPs serve in the national parliament.
  • Jurisdiction: MLAs represent specific constituencies or districts within a state or province, while MPs represent specific constituencies or electoral districts within a country.
  • Scope of Authority: MLAs have legislative powers limited to the state or provincial level, while MPs have legislative powers at the national level.
  • Political Party Impact: MLAs work within party structures to advance their party’s agenda at the state or provincial level, while MPs do so at the national level.
  • Difference between Democracy and Republic
  • Difference between Political Party and Interest Group
  • Difference between Political Science and Politics

MLAs focus on state or provincial matters, representing specific constituencies within the legislative assembly., while MPs have a national scope, representing specific constituencies within the parliament. While MLAs work at the state or provincial level, MPs have broader responsibilities at the national level. Despite their differences in jurisdiction and authority, both MLAs and MPs serve as vital links between the government and the people, working to address the concerns and interests of their constituents.

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meaning of mla in canada

Style Guide

Mla - modern language association.

The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is a set of conventions for documenting sources in written work. It is the standard documentation style in English Studies, but it is also used in other fields. This handout provides basic guidelines and examples; for more information, please see the MLA Handbook (8th ed.). 

meaning of mla in canada

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Citing Canadian government documents: MLA Style

On this page, reports by individual author, standing committee reports.

  • Department reports

Government regulations

Debates (hansard).

  • Committee proceedings
  • Acts and statutes

Rules and explanations

Online vs. print government documents, works cited list, in-text citation (6.4.5), abbreviations (5.5.20. p. 175), additional resources.

meaning of mla in canada

 Department reports

meaning of mla in canada

Note: do not italicize the titles of laws, acts, or similar documents (MLA Handbook, 7th ed. Section 5.7.14, p. 205 [ print ]).

meaning of mla in canada

R. v. Nguyen. 1 S.C.R. 826. Supreme Court of Canada. 2009. Supreme Court of Canada . Web. 1 Mar. 2010.

meaning of mla in canada

Committee proceedings 

meaning of mla in canada

Acts and statutes 

Federal Accountability Act. Statutes of Canada, c.9 . Canada. Department of Justice. 2006. Department of Justice . Web. 13 Feb. 2010.

meaning of mla in canada

See also Library  Citing Guide for Statistics Canada, PCensus Estat and CHASS  

Many government documents are most often accessed online, and so almost all the examples above are for documents accessed online. In MLA citation style there are a few differences between citing a document online and citing one in print.

(MLA Handbook, 7th ed. Section 5.5.20, pp. 174-177 [ print ])

  • If you do not know the writer of the document, cite as author the government agency that issued it. State the name of the government first, followed by the name of the agency.

Provincial:

British Columbia. Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs.

Canada. Commission of Inquiry into Part-Time Work.

  • If the agency has subgroups, arrange the subgroups in descending order, with periods in between.

Canada. Parliament. Senate. Standing Senate Committee on National Finance.

  •  The title of the publication, italicized, should follow. After the title, include the number of the reading, session, parliament, or other number of the publication, if the document has one.

meaning of mla in canada

Finally, include the place, publisher, date and the medium of the publication consulted (e.g. print, web, etc.) If it is a web resource, include the website (italicized) and the date accessed.

meaning of mla in canada

  • If known, the document's writer may either begin the entry or the agency can go first, and the writer's name can follow the title and the word By or an abbreviation (such as Ed . for editor or Comp . for compiler).

meaning of mla in canada

If the city of publication is not included on a document, but you can reasonably assume where it was published (e.g., Ottawa for many Canadian government publications, Victoria for many B.C. government publications), put the city name in square brackets, e.g.:  [Ottawa]

When citing two or more works issued by the same government, substitute three hyphens for the name in each entry after the first. If you also cite more than one work by the same government agency, use an additional three hyphens in place of the agency in the second agency and each subsequent one.

meaning of mla in canada

  • To cite a government document, you may use the author's (e.g., British Columbia. Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs) name followed by a page reference: 

meaning of mla in canada

However, MLA suggests including a long name in the text so that the reading is not interrupted:

meaning of mla in canada

When citing publications such as bills, reports, resolutions and documents, use these abbreviations where applicable. Note: do not use them to shorten words in the "author" area, but in the part of the citation following the title (see example below).

Parliament - Parl.

Session - sess.

Report - Rept.

Resolution - Res.

Document - Doc.

meaning of mla in canada

Library MLA Citation Guide, 8th Edition -- General guide to MLA-style citation

Brief Guide to Citing Canadian Government Sources -- Guide by Queen's University for citing government resources. Note that this resource does not use MLA Style, but does have some useful examples.

Government Information Citation Guides - Courtesy of Concordia University 

MLA 9th Edition Citation Style Guide

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Court Judgements

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This guide contains basic citation information for legal documents. For specific information and more examples, please refer to the MLA Manual (pp. 344 - 346) or to the UBC Law - Legal Citation Guide . Note: the UBC Law guide is in Chicago Style; adapt the material you need to match MLA style. 

Please also note that the examples for law sources in the MLA guide are focused on US examples, so you will have to adapt for Canadian sources if that is what you are using. 

Template for Court Judgements

Works Cited List:  Case name. Supreme Court Report Number.  Supreme Court of Canada . Date. Link.

Parenthetical in-text citation: (Case name page number)

Narrative in-text citation:  Case name   (page number)

R. v. Nguyen. 1 SCR 826.  Supreme Court of Canada. 2009.  https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/6738/1/document.do . 

  • SCR stands for Supreme Court of Canada.

Parenthetical in-text citation: (R. v. Nguyen 826)

Narrative in-text citation: R. v. Nguyen (826)

EXAMPLE - Act

Government of British Columbia. University Act. RSBC 1996, c. 468, 14 July 2021,  https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96468_01 . 

Parenthetical in-text citation: (Government of British Columbia)

Narrative in-text citation:  Government of British Columbia's University Act

EXAMPLE - Bill

House of Commons Canada. Bill C-4, An Act to implement the Agreement between Canada, the United States of America and the United Mexican States.  parl.ca ,  https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/43-1/bill/C-4/third-reading . 1st Session, 43rd Parliment, 13 Mar. 2020. 

Parenthetical in-text citation, first time: (House of Commons Canada)

Narrative in-text citation, first time:  House of Commons Canada's Bill C-4

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  • MLA 8TH EDITION
  • Yarhi, Eli and Robert J. Jackson. "Member of Parliament (MP)". The Canadian Encyclopedia , 10 March 2023, Historica Canada . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/member-of-parliament. Accessed 18 February 2024.
  • The Canadian Encyclopedia , 10 March 2023, Historica Canada . www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/member-of-parliament. Accessed 18 February 2024." href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy
  • APA 6TH EDITION
  • Yarhi, E., & Jackson, R. (2023). Member of Parliament (MP). In The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/member-of-parliament
  • The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/member-of-parliament" href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy
  • CHICAGO 17TH EDITION
  • Yarhi, Eli , and Robert J. Jackson. "Member of Parliament (MP)." The Canadian Encyclopedia . Historica Canada. Article published June 17, 2010; Last Edited March 10, 2023.
  • The Canadian Encyclopedia . Historica Canada. Article published June 17, 2010; Last Edited March 10, 2023." href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy
  • TURABIAN 8TH EDITION
  • The Canadian Encyclopedia , s.v. "Member of Parliament (MP)," by Eli Yarhi, and Robert J. Jackson, Accessed February 18, 2024, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/member-of-parliament
  • The Canadian Encyclopedia , s.v. "Member of Parliament (MP)," by Eli Yarhi, and Robert J. Jackson, Accessed February 18, 2024, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/member-of-parliament" href="#" class="js-copy-clipboard b b-md b-invert b-modal-copy">Copy

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Member of Parliament (MP)

Article by Eli Yarhi , Robert J. Jackson

Updated by Celine Cooper, Andrew McIntosh

Published Online June 17, 2010

Last Edited March 10, 2023

A member of Parliament (MP) is a person who is elected to represent a single federal electoral district (or “riding”) in the House of Commons . As elected representatives, MPs have three main duties: legislating in Parliament , representing their riding and political party , and serving their constituents. MPs occupy different roles and levels of influence. They hold office until Parliament is dissolved — typically four-year terms — and can be re-elected any number of times. Any Canadian citizen who is at least 18 years old on election day can run for office. Most MPs are elected as a member of a political party. Some campaign and sit as independents. There are currently 338 seats for MPs in the House of Commons.

meaning of mla in canada

What do Members of Parliament Do?

Policymaking is the domain of cabinet , its ministers and the senior public service . As a group, MPs have less affect on policy formation. Some claim a strong voice in caucus and in committees . Part of an MP’s representative role is responding to the grievances of constituents. MPs are elected to represent the interests of the people in their ridings, where they maintain an office. As representatives MPs propose, debate, and vote on legislation. They engage in committee work; speak on matters of local, regional and national importance in the House of Commons (and during caucus meetings); and ask questions of the prime minister and of cabinet ministers when Parliament is in session. They also review government spending estimates and vote on federal budgets.

Roles in the House of Commons

Members of Parliament occupy different roles and levels of influence in government . Members can be assigned or elected to a variety of positions. These include speaker , house leader , party whip , committee chair, cabinet minister or opposition critic. MPs are paid public servants whose annual salary, as of March 2023, starts at $189,500. Members with additional responsibilities (including the prime minister and the positions listed above) earn higher salaries. They also receive additional perks such as a car allowance. Housing is provided to both the prime minister ( 24 Sussex Drive ) and the leader of the Opposition ( Stornoway ).

  • Prime Minister

The prime minister is the head of the federal government . He or she is also an elected member of Parliament. In the party system , the leader of the party with the most support in the House of Commons normally becomes prime minister. People are not specifically elected to the position. Party leaders can become prime minister even if they are not an MP. For example, John Turner spent most of his term as prime minister outside the Commons. However, convention would urge them to seek a seat in a general election or a by-election .

The prime minister sets policy direction, manages government, directs and appoints cabinet , meets with foreign delegations, and answers questions — from opposition members and sometimes from backbenchers in his or her party — when Parliament is in session. The prime minister and cabinet must maintain the support (confidence) of a majority of MPs in the house to govern.

Cabinet Ministers

Certain MPs are appointed to cabinet , the committee of ministers that holds executive power. Cabinet ministers are typically from the party holding the most seats in the House of Commons. Most ministers are the formal head of one or more government department. Those departments often include safety, health, employment, defence , environment, Indigenous and northern affairs , natural resources , economic development, immigration, agriculture , transportation, tourism, foreign affairs , justice , intergovernmental affairs and finance , among others. Ministers set departmental priorities. They draft public policy, serve on committees , and propose legislation.

Opposition Critics

In the House of Commons , opposition parties form “shadow cabinets,” which mirror cabinet . These shadow ministers (generally referred to as opposition critics) hold the government to account. They criticize cabinet, offer alternate policy ideas, and convey their party’s position and message.

Backbenchers

Members who are not in cabinet are known as backbenchers . This is because they historically sat on benches in the back of Parliament. The main work for all backbenchers is to provide services to constituents. They are also involved in policy making with their party caucus. They can also serve on committees reviewing legislation.

Representation

There are currently 338 seats in the House of Commons . The seats are distributed equitably among the provinces and territories. The number of seats is allocated by a procedure known as redistribution . It occurs every 10 years, after a census in a year ending in “1,” such as 2011. (This is known as a “decennial census.”) The 2021 federal election was the last to take place with the current allocation of 338 seats. A new distribution of seats — with a total of 343 in the House of Commons — will be in effect for the next election.

Elected Members of Parliament

Any Canadian citizen who is at least 18 years old on election day can run for office. Virtually all MPs are elected as a member of a political party . A small minority campaign or sit as independents.

MPs generally possess a high level of education . After the 2015 election, 227 MPs had bachelor’s degrees, 97 had master’s degrees and 14 had PhDs. Many are elected to serve in the federal government after serving in provincial , territorial or municipal government . Many others enter politics from the private sector. Common professions include careers in business , law , consultancy, teaching and journalism .

Following the 2021 election, 70 per cent of MPs were men. Thirty per cent were women — a record high. Most MPs were also middle-aged (in their 40s and 50s). Their careers are usually short-lived — eight years, or two terms on average — due to shifting electoral behaviour .

DID YOU KNOW? Enfranchised women in Canada first gained the right to run for federal office on 7 July 1919. ( See Women’s Suffrage in Canada .) In the 1921 general federal election, Agnes Campbell Macphail became the first woman elected to Parliament . She remained the only female MP in the House of Commons until Martha Louise Black was elected in 1935.

Diversity in the House of Commons

In 2015, 54 Indigenous candidates ran in the federal election. A record 10 Indigenous MPs were elected to the House of Commons . This was up from seven in 2011. In the 2019 federal election, 62 Indigenous candidates ran for office. Of that number, 10 (four First Nations , four Métis and two Inuit ) were elected. In the 2021 election, a record high 77 Indigenous candidates ran for office, including 23 First Nations. As in 2019, 10 were elected.

In 2015, visible minority groups represented 12.9 per cent of all candidates from the six main parties. ( See Liberal Party of Canada , Conservative Party of Canada , New Democratic Party , Bloc Québécois , Green Party of Canada , People’s Party of Canada .) In 2019, that proportion increased to 15.7 per cent. The total number of visible minority MPs elected increased from 47 (13.9 per cent) in 2015 to 51 (15.1 per cent) in 2019 and to 53 (15.7 per cent) in 2021.

The number of women candidates who ran in federal elections increased from 533 in 2015 to 597 in 2019. In total, 98 women were sworn into the House of Commons after winning seats in the 2019 federal election. This was 10 more than in the 2015 federal election. In 2019, 830 men ran as candidates and 240 were elected. As of October 2022, women accounted for 30 per cent of seats in the Commons, compared to 70 per cent of seats held by men.

At least 87 candidates from the LGBTQ+ community ran in the 2019 federal election. Of this number, four openly LGBTQ+ people were elected to the House of Commons, representing fewer than five per cent of LGBTQ+ candidates.

See also Parliament ; Canadian Party System ; Canadian Electoral System ; Prime Minister of Canada ; Cabinet ; Opposition Party ; Leader of the Opposition .

Interested in politics?

meaning of mla in canada

  • Member of Parliament

House of Commons

External links.

First Women in Provincial and Territorial Legislatures See biographies and related resources about distinguished women political pioneers in Canada. Produced in recognition of Women's History Month. From Library and Archives Canada.

Senators and Members Parliament of Canada Official information source about current senators and Members of Parliament in Ottawa. Click on "The Ministry" for a list of current federal cabinet members. From the Parliament of Canada website.

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Canadian party system, canadian electoral system, opposition party in canada, leader of the opposition.

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Definition of MLA noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

  • the MLA for West Belfast

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meaning of mla in canada

Due to insufficient knowledge, most of the people do not know the rights, powers, duties and responsibilities, of the MLA and MP. Take a read of the article to get a better understanding of the difference between these two.

Content: MLA Vs MP

Comparison chart, definition of mla.

Member of Legislative Assembly, shortly known as MLA is an elected representative of the electoral district to the Legislature of the State . These are the direct representative of the general public of the particular constituency and are elected on the basis of adult suffrage. He/She represents the people of the said constituency in the assembly and debates on the matters concerning the constituency.

In states, there are two houses Legislative Council (the upper house) and the Legislative Assembly (the lower house). The maximum strength of members in a legislative assembly should not exceed 500 members and also not less than 60 members. However, for the states which are small in size and also less population, can have less number of members in the assembly.

Moreover, Governor can nominate one member from the Anglo-Indian community, if he is of the view that their representation is not made adequately.

To qualify as a Member of Legislative Assembly, a person needs to be :

  • A citizen of India
  • Have attained the age of 25 years.
  • A voter from any constituency of the state.

Definition of MP

To understand the term Member of Parliament or MP, first know the meaning of Parliament, which is the primary legislative body. The President and the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, together constitute the Parliament of India. So, as the name signifies, the elected or nominated members of either of the two chambers is known as Member of Parliament .

MP works on behalf of the constituency, state or union territory he/she representing. Being a custodian of rights of people and their benefits, they can question and debate over the legislation proposed by the Government.

MP of Lok Sabha represents people to the Lok Sabha and who are chosen by direct elections, based on the universal adult franchise, whereas the MP of Rajya Sabha represents states, and chosen indirectly by the Members of Legislative Assembly.

The total number of MP in Lok Sabha should not be more than 552 , out of which 530 members represents constituencies and states, 20 indicates union territories and two members are elected by the President, who will represent Anglo-Indian community.

To qualify as a Member of Parliament, a person should be :

  • A voter from any parliamentary constituency.
  • Independent candidate needs 10 proposer.
  • Candidate of a well-known party, requires one proposer, for the purpose of nomination.
  • Make a security deposit of Rs. 10000

Key Differences Between MLA and MP

The points given below are noteworthy so far as the difference between MLA and MP is concerned:

  • A representative of the assembly constituency to the Legislature of the State is known as Member of Legislative Assembly or MLA. Member of Parliament or MP is the elected member of any of the two chambers of Parliament.
  • The selection of members of the legislative assembly is done by the voters of a constituency. On the other hand, we all know that the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha and the President, are together known as Parliament, so the MP of the lower house are directly chosen by the public, whereas the members of Rajya Sabha are indirectly chosen by the members of Legislative Assembly
  • The constituency from which the MP is selected is a Parliamentary constituency and so it is larger than that of an assembly constituency, from which MLA is chosen as a representative.
  • MLA works at the state level, whereas MP works at the central level.

The main feature of democratic elections is that every vote has the same value. Hence the country is divided into constituencies so that each constituency should have an approximately equal population residing in it. Each parliamentary constituency indicates several assembly constituencies. For every member of parliament (MP), there are 7 and 9 MLA’s in a state.

MP’s and MLA’s both are representative of the general public, who work at the state and central level respectively. They work continuously for the development of people. Elections give a chance to people to select their representative, and also their government.

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Lok Sabha Vs Rajya Sabha

January 21, 2018 at 10:41 pm

Wonderful work..Keep it up !

Chinmay Dhananjaya says

January 22, 2023 at 8:34 pm

Clearly explained, Thank you!

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Student's Guide to MLA Style (2021) | Citation & Format

MLA 9th edition manual

To cite sources in MLA style, you need

  • In-text citations that give the author’s last name and a page number.
  • A list of Works Cited that gives full details of every source.

Make sure your paper also adheres to MLA format : one-inch margins, double spacing, and indented paragraphs, with an MLA style heading on the first page.

You can create citations automatically with our free MLA Citation Generator . Enter a URL, DOI , or ISBN, and the generator will retrieve the necessary information.

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Table of contents

Mla works cited list, the nine core elements of mla citations, mla in-text citations, free lecture slides, frequently asked questions about mla style.

The Works Cited list is where you give full details of all sources you have cited in the text. Other citation styles sometimes call this the “reference list” or “bibliography.” An annotated bibliography is slightly different.

Author . “Source Title.” Container Title , Other contributors , Version , Number , Publisher , Publication date , Location .

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Begin each source entry with the name of the author(s) or creator(s). The name of the first author is always inverted (Last name, First name).

When a source has two authors, the second author’s name is shown in the normal order (First name Last name).

For sources with three or more authors, state only the first author’s name, followed by “ et al. ”

The author of a source is not necessarily a person; it can also be an organization. If so, simply use the name of the organization.

However, if the organization is both the author and publisher , start with the title of the source instead.

MLA author element

Always include the full title of the source, including subtitles (separated by a colon and space).

Use title case —capitalize all words apart from conjunctions , prepositions , and articles . If there is no title, give a short description of the source, with normal sentence case capitalization.

The styling of the title depends on the type of source:

  • Italics when the source is self-contained (e.g. a whole book, movie or website).
  • Quotation marks when the source is part of a larger whole (e.g. a chapter of a book , a page on a website, or an article in a journal).
  • No styling  when describing a source without a title.

3. Container

A container is the larger work that the source you’re citing appears in. For example, a chapter is part of a book, a page is part of a website, and an article is part of a journal.

If the source you’re citing is a self-contained whole (e.g. a whole book), leave out this element.

The container title is always italicized.

Elements 3 (container title) to 9 (location) all provide information about the container.

Sources with two containers

A source can also have two containers. If you watched an episode of a TV show on Netflix, the show title is the first container and Netflix is the second container. If you accessed a journal article through the database JSTOR, the journal name is the first container and JSTOR is the second container.

In most cases, only the title and location (often the URL or DOI ) of the second container are included in the source entry. This is because databases like JSTOR don’t have relevant contributors, versions, publishers, or publication dates.

  • Datta, Hannes, et al. “The Challenge of Retaining Customers Acquired with Free Trials”. Journal of Marketing Research , vol. 52, no. 2, Apr. 2015, pp. 217–234. JSTOR , www.jstor.org/stable/43832354.

Pay attention to the punctuation. The author and source title elements each end with a period. Elements within a container are separated by commas, and a period is used to close the container.

4. Other contributors

Contributors are added right after the container title and always end with a comma. Use a description like “translated by,” “directed by,” or “illustrated by” to indicate the role of the contributor. For example:

  • Latour, Bruno. Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy . Translated by Catherine Porter, Harvard UP, 2004.

When a source has three or more contributors with the same role, include the name of the first contributor followed by “et al.”

If there are no other relevant contributors, leave out this element.

When there is more than one version of a source, you should include the version you used. For example, a second-edition book , an expanded version of a collection, or a director’s cut of a movie would require the version to be included:

  • Porter, Michael E. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors . 2nd ed. , Simon and Schuster, 1998.
  • Columbus, Chris, director. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . director’s cut, Warner Bros., 2002.

Sources such as journal articles (“vol. 18”), magazines (“no. 25”) and TV shows (“season 3, episode 5”) are often numbered. If your source has numbered parts, include this in the source entry:

  • Wieseke, Jan, et al. “Willing to Pay More, Eager to Pay Less: The Role of Customer Loyalty in Price Negotiations.” Journal of Marketing , vol. 68, no. 6, 2014, pp. 17–37.

It is also possible for a source to have an edition, volume, and number. Just separate them using commas.

7. Publisher

Book and movie citations always include the publisher element. The publisher is the company responsible for producing and distributing the source—usually a book publisher (e.g. Macmillan or Oxford UP ) or a movie production company (e.g. Paramount Pictures or Warner Bros ).

Note that “University Press” is abbreviated to “UP” in a Works Cited entry. For example, the University of Minnesota Press becomes “U of Minnesota P”; Oxford University Press becomes “Oxford UP.”

When not to add a publisher Sometimes the publisher is already included elsewhere in the source entry, such as in the container title or author element. For example, the publisher of a website is often the same as the website name. In this case, omit the publisher element.

You generally don’t need to include a publisher for the following source types:

  • Newspapers and magazines
  • Platforms like YouTube, Netflix, or JSTOR

8. Publication date

When available, always include the publication year . If you also know the month, day, or even time of publication, you can include this if it helps the reader to locate the source. Date ranges are also possible. For example:

  • 25 Jan. 2019
  • 14 Aug. 2017, 4:45 p.m.
  • Jan. 2017–Apr. 2018

Multiple publication dates If there is more than one publication date, use the one that is most relevant to your research and take the date of the edition that you have used.

No date When a source does not state a publication date, add the date on which you accessed the information. For example: Accessed 22 Sep. 2018 .

9. Location

What you include in the location element depends on the type of source you are citing:

  • Book chapter : Page range of the chapter (e.g. pp. 164–180. )
  • Web page : URL, without “https://” (e.g. www.scribbr.com/mla-style/quick-guide/. )
  • Journal article : DOI , with “https://”—or stable URL, without: (e.g. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449. or www.jstor.org/stable/43832354. )
  • Physical object or live event : Name of the location and city (e.g. Moscone Center, San Francisco. or The Museum of Modern Art, New York. )

MLA in-text citations are brief references in the body of your document which direct your reader to the full reference in the Works Cited list. You must include an in-text citation whenever you quote or paraphrase  a source.

A standard MLA in-text citation includes the author’s last name and a page number in parentheses. The page number refers to the exact location of the quote or information that you are citing:

  • 66% of voters disagree with the policy (Smith 13) .

If the author is already named in the sentence, you only need to include the page number in parentheses:

  • According to Smith , 66% of voters disagree with the policy (13) .

Multiple authors

For a source with two authors, include the last names of both authors. If a source has three or more authors, only include the last name of the first author, followed by “et al.” if in parentheses or “and colleagues” if in the text.

  • Smith and Morrison claim that “MLA is the second most popular citation style” (17) .
  • According to Reynolds and colleagues , social and demographic circumstances still have a major effect on job prospects (17–19) .

If a source does not state a specific author, the in-text citation should match the first word(s) of the Works Cited entry, whether that’s an organization name or the source title.

Format titles the same as they appear in the Works Cited, with italics or quotation marks. Use the full title if mentioned in the text itself, but an abbreviated title if included in parentheses.

  • The article “New Ways to Slow Down Global Warming” claims that . . . (4).
  • Reducing carbon emissions slows down climate change (“New Ways” 4) .

No page number

If a source has no page numbers, but is divided into numbered sections (e.g. chapters or numbered paragraphs), use these instead:

  • Morrison has shown that there is a great need for . . . (par. 38) .
  • Reynolds devotes a chapter to the rise of poverty in some states in the US (ch. 6) .

For audiovisual sources (such as YouTube videos ), use a timestamp:

  • In his recent video, Smith argues that climate change should be the main political priority of all governments today (03:15–05:21) .

If there is no numbering system in the original source, include only the author’s name in your citation.

Are you a teacher or professor looking to introduce your students to MLA style? Download our free introductory lecture slides, available for Google Slides and Microsoft PowerPoint.

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MLA Style  is the second most used citation style (after APA ). It is mainly used by students and researchers in humanities fields such as literature, languages, and philosophy.

The MLA Handbook is currently in its 9th edition , published in 2021.

This quick guide to MLA style  explains the latest guidelines for citing sources and formatting papers according to MLA.

A standard MLA Works Cited entry  is structured as follows:

Only include information that is available for and relevant to your source.

The fastest and most accurate way to create MLA citations is by using Scribbr’s MLA Citation Generator .

Search by book title, page URL, or journal DOI to automatically generate flawless citations, or cite manually using the simple citation forms.

If information about your source is not available, you can either leave it out of the MLA citation or replace it with something else, depending on the type of information.

  • No author : Start with the source title.
  • No title : Provide a description of the source.
  • No date : Provide an access date for online sources; omit for other sources.

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MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

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MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (9 th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the  MLA Handbook  and in chapter 7 of the  MLA Style Manual . Both books provide extensive examples, so it's a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

Basic in-text citation rules

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations . This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

  • The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
  • Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

In-text citations: Author-page style

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads . Oxford UP, 1967.

In-text citations for print sources with known author

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method . University of California Press, 1966.

In-text citations for print sources by a corporate author

When a source has a corporate author, it is acceptable to use the name of the corporation followed by the page number for the in-text citation. You should also use abbreviations (e.g., nat'l for national) where appropriate, so as to avoid interrupting the flow of reading with overly long parenthetical citations.

In-text citations for sources with non-standard labeling systems

If a source uses a labeling or numbering system other than page numbers, such as a script or poetry, precede the citation with said label. When citing a poem, for instance, the parenthetical would begin with the word “line”, and then the line number or range. For example, the examination of William Blake’s poem “The Tyger” would be cited as such:

The speaker makes an ardent call for the exploration of the connection between the violence of nature and the divinity of creation. “In what distant deeps or skies. / Burnt the fire of thine eyes," they ask in reference to the tiger as they attempt to reconcile their intimidation with their relationship to creationism (lines 5-6).

Longer labels, such as chapters (ch.) and scenes (sc.), should be abbreviated.

In-text citations for print sources with no known author

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name, following these guidelines.

Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number if it is available.

Titles longer than a standard noun phrase should be shortened into a noun phrase by excluding articles. For example, To the Lighthouse would be shortened to Lighthouse .

If the title cannot be easily shortened into a noun phrase, the title should be cut after the first clause, phrase, or punctuation:

In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an abbreviated title appears in the parenthetical citation, and the full title of the article appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry on the Works Cited page. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phrase in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the Works Cited page. The Works Cited entry appears as follows:

"The Impact of Global Warming in North America." Global Warming: Early Signs . 1999. www.climatehotmap.org/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2009.

If the title of the work begins with a quotation mark, such as a title that refers to another work, that quote or quoted title can be used as the shortened title. The single quotation marks must be included in the parenthetical, rather than the double quotation.

Parenthetical citations and Works Cited pages, used in conjunction, allow readers to know which sources you consulted in writing your essay, so that they can either verify your interpretation of the sources or use them in their own scholarly work.

Author-page citation for classic and literary works with multiple editions

Page numbers are always required, but additional citation information can help literary scholars, who may have a different edition of a classic work, like Marx and Engels's  The Communist Manifesto . In such cases, give the page number of your edition (making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course) followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate abbreviations for volume (vol.), book (bk.), part (pt.), chapter (ch.), section (sec.), or paragraph (par.). For example:

Author-page citation for works in an anthology, periodical, or collection

When you cite a work that appears inside a larger source (for instance, an article in a periodical or an essay in a collection), cite the author of the  internal source (i.e., the article or essay). For example, to cite Albert Einstein's article "A Brief Outline of the Theory of Relativity," which was published in  Nature  in 1921, you might write something like this:

See also our page on documenting periodicals in the Works Cited .

Citing authors with same last names

Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. For example:

Citing a work by multiple authors

For a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation:

Corresponding Works Cited entry:

Best, David, and Sharon Marcus. “Surface Reading: An Introduction.” Representations , vol. 108, no. 1, Fall 2009, pp. 1-21. JSTOR, doi:10.1525/rep.2009.108.1.1

For a source with three or more authors, list only the first author’s last name, and replace the additional names with et al.

Franck, Caroline, et al. “Agricultural Subsidies and the American Obesity Epidemic.” American Journal of Preventative Medicine , vol. 45, no. 3, Sept. 2013, pp. 327-333.

Citing multiple works by the same author

If you cite more than one work by an author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Put short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks.

Citing two articles by the same author :

Citing two books by the same author :

Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, format your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, and, when appropriate, the page number(s):

Citing multivolume works

If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number(s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses.)

Citing the Bible

In your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you're using (and underline or italicize the title), as each version varies in its translation, followed by book (do not italicize or underline), chapter, and verse. For example:

If future references employ the same edition of the Bible you’re using, list only the book, chapter, and verse in the parenthetical citation:

John of Patmos echoes this passage when describing his vision (Rev. 4.6-8).

Citing indirect sources

Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited within another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:

Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source.

Citing transcripts, plays, or screenplays

Sources that take the form of a dialogue involving two or more participants have special guidelines for their quotation and citation. Each line of dialogue should begin with the speaker's name written in all capitals and indented half an inch. A period follows the name (e.g., JAMES.) . After the period, write the dialogue. Each successive line after the first should receive an additional indentation. When another person begins speaking, start a new line with that person's name indented only half an inch. Repeat this pattern each time the speaker changes. You can include stage directions in the quote if they appear in the original source.

Conclude with a parenthetical that explains where to find the excerpt in the source. Usually, the author and title of the source can be given in a signal phrase before quoting the excerpt, so the concluding parenthetical will often just contain location information like page numbers or act/scene indicators.

Here is an example from O'Neill's  The Iceman Cometh.

WILLIE. (Pleadingly) Give me a drink, Rocky. Harry said it was all right. God, I need a drink.

ROCKY. Den grab it. It's right under your nose.

WILLIE. (Avidly) Thanks. (He takes the bottle with both twitching hands and tilts it to his lips and gulps down the whiskey in big swallows.) (1.1)

Citing non-print or sources from the Internet

With more and more scholarly work published on the Internet, you may have to cite sources you found in digital environments. While many sources on the Internet should not be used for scholarly work (reference the OWL's  Evaluating Sources of Information  resource), some Web sources are perfectly acceptable for research. When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source on your Works Cited page.

Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers. However, these sorts of entries often do not require a page number in the parenthetical citation. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:

  • Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name).
  • Do not provide paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function.
  • Unless you must list the Web site name in the signal phrase in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like  CNN.com  or  Forbes.com,  as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.

Miscellaneous non-print sources

Two types of non-print sources you may encounter are films and lectures/presentations:

In the two examples above “Herzog” (a film’s director) and “Yates” (a presentor) lead the reader to the first item in each citation’s respective entry on the Works Cited page:

Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo . Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag der Autoren, 1982.

Yates, Jane. "Invention in Rhetoric and Composition." Gaps Addressed: Future Work in Rhetoric and Composition, CCCC, Palmer House Hilton, 2002. Address.

Electronic sources

Electronic sources may include web pages and online news or magazine articles:

In the first example (an online magazine article), the writer has chosen not to include the author name in-text; however, two entries from the same author appear in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes both the author’s last name and the article title in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader to the appropriate entry on the Works Cited page (see below).

In the second example (a web page), a parenthetical citation is not necessary because the page does not list an author, and the title of the article, “MLA Formatting and Style Guide,” is used as a signal phrase within the sentence. If the title of the article was not named in the sentence, an abbreviated version would appear in a parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence. Both corresponding Works Cited entries are as follows:

Taylor, Rumsey. "Fitzcarraldo." Slant , 13 Jun. 2003, www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/fitzcarraldo/. Accessed 29 Sep. 2009. 

"MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The Purdue OWL , 2 Aug. 2016, owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/. Accessed 2 April 2018.

Multiple citations

To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon:

Time-based media sources

When creating in-text citations for media that has a runtime, such as a movie or podcast, include the range of hours, minutes and seconds you plan to reference. For example: (00:02:15-00:02:35).

When a citation is not needed

Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations, or common knowledge (For example, it is expected that U.S. citizens know that George Washington was the first President.). Remember that citing sources is a rhetorical task, and, as such, can vary based on your audience. If you’re writing for an expert audience of a scholarly journal, for example, you may need to deal with expectations of what constitutes “common knowledge” that differ from common norms.

Other Sources

The MLA Handbook describes how to cite many different kinds of authors and content creators. However, you may occasionally encounter a source or author category that the handbook does not describe, making the best way to proceed can be unclear.

In these cases, it's typically acceptable to apply the general principles of MLA citation to the new kind of source in a way that's consistent and sensible. A good way to do this is to simply use the standard MLA directions for a type of source that resembles the source you want to cite.

You may also want to investigate whether a third-party organization has provided directions for how to cite this kind of source. For example, Norquest College provides guidelines for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers⁠ —an author category that does not appear in the MLA Handbook . In cases like this, however, it's a good idea to ask your instructor or supervisor whether using third-party citation guidelines might present problems.

Provincial Legislative Assemblies in Canada

  • Canadian Government
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  • B.A., Political Science, Carleton University

In Canada, a legislative assembly is the body of people elected in each province and territory to create and pass laws. The legislature of a province or territory is made up of a legislative assembly along with the lieutenant governor.

Canada's Constitution originally gave broader powers to the federal government, but over time, the provinces and territories were assigned more responsibilities. Legislative assemblies are assigned powers in "generally all matters of a merely local or private Nature in the Province," according to the Constitution. These include property rights, civil rights, and the sale of public lands.

Different Names for Legislative Assemblies

Seven of Canada's  10 provinces, and its three territories  style their legislatures as legislative assemblies. While most provinces and territories in Canada use the term legislative assembly, in the provinces of Nova Scotia and  Newfoundland and Labrador , legislatures are called the House of Assembly. In Quebec, it is called the National Assembly. Though many legislative assemblies in Canada originally had upper and lower chambers, all now are unicameral, consisting of one chamber or house.

How Bills Move Through the Assemblies

Bills are required to move through a formal first reading, then a second reading where members can then debate the bill. It then gets a detailed review by committee, where it is examined thoroughly and witnesses can be called. Amendments can be added at this stage. Once the bill has been voted out of committee it goes back to the full assembly for a third reading, after which it is voted on. If it passes, it goes to the lieutenant governor, who can accept or reject it.

Representation by Legislators

Representation can range widely. For instance, one member of the legislative assembly in Prince Edward Island represents about 5,000 constituents, while a member of the assembly of Ontario represents more than 120,000, according to figures compiled by a regional councilor . Most, however, are somewhere between those extremes.

Party Makeup of Legislative Assemblies

The combined number of seats in Canadian legislative assemblies is 768. As of May 2019, the party makeup of legislative assembly seats consisted of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (22 percent), the Liberal Party of Canada (19 percent), the New Democratic Party (18 percent), and 10 parties, independents and vacant seats making up the remaining 41 percent.

The oldest legislative assembly in Canada is Nova Scotia House of Assembly, established in 1758. Other Commonwealth countries with states or territories that use the legislative assembly structure include India, Australia, and Malaysia. 

How Territorial Assemblies Differ

Territorial assemblies work differently than their provincial counterparts. In the provinces, assembly members run for office by party membership. Each province has a premiere, who is a member of the party with the largest number of elected officials.

But in the Northwest Territories and Nanavut, members run without party affiliation in what is known as a "consensus government." They then elect a speaker and a premier from among these independent members. They also elect cabinet ministers. While Yukon is also a territory, it elects its members by parties the same as provinces.

The three territories don't have the control over the sale and management of federal land that provinces do. They also cannot borrow money without permission of a governor in council .

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Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons

Search form, difference between mla and mp.

Key Difference: MLA is a Member of a Legislative Assembly, whereas a MP is a Member of Parliament. As a member, their main responsibility is to partake in that legislature and help the legislature fulfill its duties. However, the terms Legislative Assembly and Parliament are the same. They are the names give to a legislature. A legislature is nothing more than a decision-making organization.

A member must attend the sessions and represent the public’s interests and concerns in the legislature, while debating and voting on the passage of a bill, law or legislation. The roles of both the MLA and MP are essentially the same, and they differ only on the basis of the role and functions of the Legislative Assembly and Parliament, itself.

However, the terms Legislative Assembly and Parliament are the same. They are the names give to a legislature. A legislature is nothing more than a decision-making organization. It is part of the country’s government and has the power to enact, amend and repeal laws. The also have the power to create and amend budgets, as well as observe and steer governing actions.

Often the names "parliament" and "congress", are given to national legislatures, while "assembly", "diet", "majlis" and "council" are regarded as being lesser than the national level. However, this is not always the case, and the situation may differ depending on the country in question. Essentially the most common, and probably the only difference between the two is that while the name Legislative Assembly can be given to any legislature, the name Parliament is reserved for a legislature under the Westminster-style system.

Often, in countries with bicameral parliaments, wherein the parliaments (or legislature) have two houses, the term Member of Parliament refers to the members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, where the members are called the senators. However, the lower house may have a different name as, e.g. the House of Representatives, which are called Representatives. As the House of Representatives and Senate make up the US Congress, any member belonging to either of the houses is known as a Member of Congress or Congressman. Similarly, despite the fact that the House of Commons and the House of Lords make up the UK Parliament, any member of the two houses technically would be called an MP, but the term usually refers to a member of the House of Commons, whereas the a member of the House of Lords is called just that, a Member of the Lords or just Lord.

Comparison between MLA and MP:

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  1. The Role of an MLA

    Members The Role of an MLA WHAT IS AN MLA? An MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly) is elected by the public in his/her constituency or electoral division, to serve as a representative in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly. ROLE An MLA may be required to fulfill as many as four distinct roles:

  2. Role of an MLA

    Role of an MLA. Members of the Legislative Assembly have three key roles and responsibilities: parliamentary, representative, and caucus. Whether in the Chamber debating proposed legislation or spending, working on parliamentary committees, or meeting with constituents, the work of a Member is far-reaching and performed in many places.

  3. Member of the Legislative Assembly

    A member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA) is a representative elected to sit in a Legislative Assembly. Most often, the term refers the legislature of a federated state or autonomous region, but is also the name of several national legislatures. Australia

  4. The Role of a Member

    Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) represent people from one of Alberta's 87 constituencies for the term of a Legislature. Albertans expect and deserve the highest standard of public service from their elected representatives.

  5. Members of Provincial and Territorial Legislatures

    In most provinces and territories, members of government are designated as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), with the exception of: Ontario, where they are Members of the Provincial Parliament (MPP); Québec, where they are Members of the National Assembly (MNA); and Newfoundland and Labrador, where they are Members of the House of Assem...

  6. MLAs

    Making laws Approving finances Scrutinizing the government However, differences in priorities and values on how to best govern British Columbia often result in MLAs running for office under different political parties (groups of people that share common political values) or as Independent Members.

  7. MLA vs. MP: Decoding Legislative Representatives

    An MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) is an elected representative who serves at the state or provincial level in a legislative assembly. MLAs are responsible for representing specific constituencies or districts within their respective states or provinces.

  8. PDF MLA Style Guide

    The Modern Language Association (MLA) style requires you to cite your sources within the text of your paper. Cite the source of all material you paraphrase, summarize, or quote. This guide shows the most common scenarios for MLA citing, including new guidance on citing Elders or Knowledge Keepers.

  9. MLA

    The Modern Language Association (MLA) format is a set of conventions for documenting sources in written work. It is the standard documentation style in English Studies, but it is also used in other fields. This handout provides basic guidelines and examples; for more information, please see the MLA Handbook (8th ed.).

  10. PDF Members of the Legislative Assembly the Legislative Assembly

    Any MLA may propose a new law (called a bill). Most bills are introduced by Cabinet ministers and are called public bills. A bill introduced by an MLA who is not a Cabinet minister is known as a public bill in the hands of a private member. A bill introduced by an MLA on behalf of a person or group outside the Legislative Assembly is called a ...

  11. Becoming an MLA

    The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is composed of 87 elected Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). The composition of the Legislative Assembly reflects the diversity of British Columbia as Members from a range of ethnic and cultural groups hold seats in the Assembly.

  12. Citing Canadian government documents: MLA Style

    Works cited list. (MLA Handbook, 7th ed. Section 5.5.20, pp. 174-177 [ print ]) If you do not know the writer of the document, cite as author the government agency that issued it. State the name of the government first, followed by the name of the agency. Provincial: British Columbia.

  13. Members of the Legislative Assembly

    Learn about the role of an MLA The 87 elected Members of the Legislative Assembly serve all Albertans; the representative in a given constituency is best positioned to advocate on behalf of each of their constituents. ... Governor General of Canada; Provincial and Territorial Legislatures; Contact Us Legislative Assembly of Alberta 9820 - 107 ...

  14. PDF MLA Style: Quick Guide

    MLA Style: Quick Guide Students use MLA style in English language and literature studies, foreign language studies, comparative literature, and cultural studies. MLA - In-Text Citations This is the first element of your citation. It appears (in parentheses) and includes author(s) and page number. You must include page numbers in all MLA ...

  15. MLA Format

    Home Knowledge Base MLA Style MLA format for academic papers and essays MLA Format | Complete Guidelines & Free Template Published on December 11, 2019 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on January 17, 2024 by Jack Caulfield. The MLA Handbook provides guidelines for creating MLA citations and formatting academic papers.

  16. Legal Documents

    Please also note that the examples for law sources in the MLA guide are focused on US examples, so you will have to adapt for Canadian sources if that is what you are using. Court Judgements. Template for Court Judgements. Works Cited List: Case name. Supreme Court Report Number. Supreme Court of Canada. Date. Link. Parenthetical in-text ...

  17. MLA Canada Abbreviation Meaning

    5 meanings of MLA abbreviation related to Canada: Suggest to this list Related acronyms and abbreviations Share MLA Canada Abbreviation page Canada MLA abbreviation meaning defined here. What does MLA stand for in Canada? Get the top MLA abbreviation related to Canada.

  18. Member of Parliament (MP)

    A member of Parliament (MP) is a person who is elected to represent a single federal electoral district (or "riding") in the House of Commons . As elected representatives, MPs have three main duties: legislating in Parliament, representing their riding and political party , and serving their constituents.

  19. mla noun

    Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. ... Definition of MLA noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. MLA noun /ˌem el ˈeɪ/ /ˌem el ˈeɪ/ jump to other results (in Canada and Northern Ireland) Member of the Legislative Assembly. the MLA for West Belfast ...

  20. Additional information about International Student Program ...

    Ottawa, February 5, 2024—Further information is being provided to clarify the announcement of an intake cap on new international study permit applications and other changes.International students make important contributions to Canada's campuses, communities and economy; however, we have seen unsustainable growth in the International Student Program in recent years.

  21. Difference Between MLA and MP (with Comparison Chart)

    Member of Legislative Assembly, shortly known as MLA is an elected representative of the electoral district to the Legislature of the State. These are the direct representative of the general public of the particular constituency and are elected on the basis of adult suffrage.

  22. Student's Guide to MLA Style (2021)

    This guide follows the 9th edition (the most recent) of the MLA Handbook, published by the Modern Language Association in 2021. To cite sources in MLA style, you need. In-text citations that give the author's last name and a page number. A list of Works Cited that gives full details of every source. Make sure your paper also adheres to MLA ...

  23. MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

    MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (9 th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.

  24. What Are Canada's Legislative Assemblies?

    In Canada, a legislative assembly is the body of people elected in each province and territory to create and pass laws. The legislature of a province or territory is made up of a legislative assembly along with the lieutenant governor. Canada's Constitution originally gave broader powers to the federal government, but over time, the provinces ...

  25. How to Address Government Officials in Canada

    For Quebec use M.N.A.; for Ontario use M.P.P.; for Newfoundland and Nova Scotia use M.H.A. instead of M.L.A. : Try to keep your letter to one page. The shorter the better. : Be careful to write as though the recipient would be concerned and wish to help. Use the proper form of address and salutation for the official you are writing to.

  26. Difference between MLA and MP

    MLA is a Member of a Legislative Assembly, whereas a MP is a Member of Parliament. As a member, their main responsibility is to partake in that legislature and help the legislature fulfill its duties. However, the terms Legislative Assembly and Parliament are the same. They are the names give to a legislature. A legislature is nothing more than a decision-making organization.

  27. Member of Provincial Parliament (Canada)

    Prior to Confederation in 1867, members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada had been known by various titles, including MPP, MLA and MHA. This confusion persisted after 1867, with members of the Ontario legislature using the title Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) or Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) interchangeably.

  28. MLA in Canada, Meanings and Abbreviations

    The meaning of MLA is Macle Leaf Angels and other meanings are located at the bottom which take place within Canada terminology and MLA has 2 different meaning. All meanings which belong to MLA abbreviation are take part only within Canada terminology and other meanings are not found. If you want to see other meanings, please click the MLA ...