in writing a job application letter which of the following is typically the first section

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How to Write a Job Application Cover Letter

Writing a cover letter is essential when applying for jobs. This is the perfect way to express how your specific skills are relevant to the open position. Wow your future employer with this simple cover letter example format.

Write a First Draft

Writing a first draft makes your letter concise and professional, states The Balance Careers. Organize your thoughts by making a list of what you’re trying to convey. Make sure you prioritize certain aspects like your previous job experience and why you would be a good fit for the position. Clearly state what position you’re interested in and why. Think about why you’re applying and what caught your eye about this specific position. Your cover letter will be easier to write after your thoughts are collected and organized.

Customize Your Salutation

When writing a salutation, make sure you know who you are writing to. Is this person the owner of the company or a Human Resources administrator? If you’re not sure, research the company to find out. Addressing your cover letter to a specific person shows initiative and attention to detail. After your salutation, start your letter with a short introduction of yourself. This gives future employers insight into who you are and the purpose of your cover letter.

Write Intentionally

Your cover letter should be no more than one page, so keep your points brief. Clearly state what position you are interested in and why. Explain why you are a good fit for the company because of your past job experience. If you have no similar job experience, let the employer know why you are changing career paths. Expand on your skills and give specific examples of how that skill set helped you at your last position. Name projects you’ve worked on and show results.

Close Your Letter

End your cover letter with a brief sentence and sign off. Thank the employer for their time and express your interest towards the job again. Let them know you’ll follow up with them if you do not hear back within a week and leave your contact information. Sign off with a professional farewell and leave room for a signature if sending a hard copy.

Edit and Proofread

As you finish writing your cover letter, make sure you take time to edit and proofread your document. Make sure it’s structured in a professional format with the company’s information, the salutation and introduction, the body of the letter, a brief closing sentence and farewell. Check for spelling and grammar mistakes to ensure a formal result. Make sure all names are spelled correctly, as well.

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How to Write an Application Letter

How do you write an application letter that can get you the job you desire?

Many job seekers don’t always see the reason why they should write an application letter when they are applying for a job because they feel they can just send their CVs.

Your CV indeed contains all the necessary information that the recruiter needs to know about you, but sometimes your CV alone may not be able to do the job of helping you land the job of your dreams.

Your CV may do a great job of showing that you have the skills and education required to excel in a particular position, but it may not be great at telling your prospective employer that you are the best person for the job.

This is what an application letter does for you. An application letter expresses your interest in a job and shows the employer why you are the best person for the position. Writing an application letter is one of the hidden job search hacks that help you  apply for fewer jobs, but land more interviews .

If you are tired of getting  rejected every time you apply for a job vacancy , then you should consider writing an application letter that will help you express your sincere interest in the job of your dreams. In this article, we will be looking at:

• What is an application letter
• Importance of an application letter
• Difference between an application letter and a resume letter
• How to write an application letter
• Application letter examples

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What is an Application Letter?

A job application letter is a formal document that is sent to a prospective employer to express your interest in a position. An application letter is usually sent alone and not attached alongside another document.

Most times, an application letter is not sent after you must have seen an advertised position but sent whether or not a vacancy was advertised. The application letter serves a purpose that is similar to that of the CV.

Read:   How to Write an Application Letter in Nigeria for a Teaching Job

When You Should Write an Application Letter.

Yes, it is true that you should write an application letter when you are interested in a job, but that is not all you consider before you decide to write an application letter.

When you see a job advert that you are interested in, you send your CV and cover letter, right? But this does not quite work for application letters. Employers will not replace the CV and cover letter with an application letter.

The approach of an application letter is different from the CV and the cover letter. You should write an application letter when the employer does not solicit your interest in the position. This simply means when there is no job advertisement or posting.

For example, if you are searching for a job and you have a list of top companies that you would love to work for, you don’t necessarily have to wait for a job posting to declare your interest in that particular job. You can simply email an application to different companies.

This is a way for you to extensively and formally introduce yourself to the prospective employer of the companies that you would love to work for.

Why You Should Write an Application Letter for a Job

Just like we have discussed earlier, there are many reasons why people write application letters. If you are actively searching for a job, then this is why you should consider writing an application letter:

• It serves as a formal introduction between you and your prospective employer.
• It can help you access hidden jobs.
• It can help you to be a step ahead of other job seekers.
• It puts you in a less competitive circle in comparison with what happens when jobs are advertised with thousands of applicants showing interest.
• It can help you boycott the process of applying for a job online, and writing a resume letter because most times application letters stand alone.

Difference between a Job Application Letter and a Cover Letter

Many people use the terms application letter and resume letter interchangeably because they think that they mean the same thing. Even though the application letter and the cover letter perform almost the same function, they are different.

• An application letter is intended to stand alone, while a cover letter is usually accompanied by a CV or resume.
• A resume/cover letter will contain a brief introduction that consists of three to four sentences about the job seekers' experience, education, accomplishment and why the job seeker feels he/she is the best candidate for the job. On the other hand, an application letter may have a more extensive introduction because it is meant to stand alone just like the CV.
• An application letter often can substitute for a resume and, therefore, requires that the job seeker include specific information about her work history and professional competencies. A cover letter, on the other hand, should not contain too much information about the job seekers because it is merely an introduction to the resume.
• A cover letter is like an elevator pitch. It is intended to capture the reader's attention enough to make the recruiter or hiring manager want to review the CV.
• A cover letter is usually used by a job seeker to show interest in a job vacancy after which the job seeker will attach a detailed document (which is usually a CV). An application letter is mostly used by a job seeker to show interest in an unsolicited job.

Learn  how to write a stunning cover letter  now.

How to Write An Application Letter in 10 Easy Steps

These tips will guide you on how you can write an application letter:

• Write an Outline
• Write your first draft
• Use a friendly tone
• Make it concise
• Tailor the job application letter to the job specification and company requirement
• Use typed and not handwritten documents
• Use quality paper
• Write a mind blowing ending

Are you applying for a security job, but don't know how to write an application letter? Read how to write an application letter for a security job in Nigeria

1. Write an Outline : Just like you write an outline when you want to write an essay, it is also important that you write an outline when you want to write your application letter. The outline is the structure of what you want to write in your actual application letter. It is good that you make clear what you want to achieve, and all the things that you want your prospective employer to know.

An outline of your application letter will make it easy for you to write your application letter because you have the structure planned out already.

2. Write a Draft : After you must have done a structure for your application letter, then it is good for you to do a rough draft of the application letter before writing the original one.

When you are drafting your application letter, you can make use of the outline that you did earlier to serve as a guide for your application letter. At this point, you may not worry about grammatical mistakes and punctuation errors. This is to help you develop a prototype application letter.

3. Salutation : Salutation is one aspect of the application letter that is obvious. Most times that is what the employer will likely see first as soon as they open the letter. Since this is an important aspect of the application letter, you need to be careful.

It is important for you to know some tips on salutation before you start writing your application letter:

• You should put a comma at the end of your salutation
• If you are addressing more than one recipient, you should address the recipient as ‘Dear Sirs/Madams’.
• If you don’t know the name of the recipient, you should address the person as ‘Dear Sir/Madam’.
• If the recipient's gender is not known, you should address the person with the full name. Like; ‘Dear David Houston’.

 4.  Tone : Employers can sense your tone from the way that you write. When you are writing your application letter, you must treat the recipient with respect. Be polite and use formal language when you are writing. Be careful not to use slang or ambiguous words.

5. Be Brief : As much as you need to give your prospective employers reasons why you think you are the best person for the job, it is equally important for you to as brief as possible.

Employers are very busy and may not be able to spend time reading your application letter. Mention the purpose of your letter in the first paragraph because this is where the employer will likely look at first.

6. Tailor the letter to the job and the company : Tailoring your application to the job that you are applying for and the company will give your prospective employer the mindset that you are passionate about the job and the company.

Employers look forward to hiring people that are passionate about the job. Tailoring your application letter may be all you need to land the job of your dreams.

7. Use typed and not handwritten documents : Unless a handwritten letter is requested, you should send a typed and computer-generated document. Typing your document will help you present a well-aligned, clear, and easy to read the document.

8. Use a high quality Paper: If you are sending a hard copy application letter, make sure you use a good and quality paper. Don’t tear out a sheet of paper from your notepad and use that paper to write your application letter. If you do that, your application letter will look scrappy and rough.

9. Proof-reading : proof-reading your application letter will help you see errors that you would need to fix before you send your application letter. You can read your application letter out loud to yourself to see some errors.

Check the spellings on your application letter and punctuation errors. You can use Grammarly.com to check your spellings and edit your errors.

 10.  Ending your application letter : When you are sending your application letter, you should make sure that your tone matches the tone of the letter. A formal letter closing is polite, courteous, and respectful.

These are common closing that you can use to end your application letter:

• ‘Sincerely’ or your ‘faithfully’
• ‘Your Truly’
• ‘Faithfully Yours’

Application Letter Example for Any Job Vacant Position

Writing an application letter can be easy and straight forward if you follow some rules. From salutation, closing, to the overall organization of your letter some rules makes your application letter appear good.

Your application letter should begin with the contact information. The contact information should include your contact and that of the employer.

The contact information should include; name, address, phone number, email, and date. If it is an email application letter, you can put your contact at the end of the letter after your signature.

The heading of your application letter includes the contact information and the salutation.

Contact information

(Your contact information)

City, State Zip Code

Phone Number

Email Address

(The employer’s contact information)

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name,

(Salutation)

Salutation is the polite greeting that is usually at the beginning of the application after the contact information of the. The common salutation format is ‘Dear Mr./Ms’ followed by the person’s last name.

The body of the application letter

The body of your application letter lets your prospective employer know the position that you are applying for, why they should consider your application and how they would finally follow you up if they consider you for the position.

The body of your application letter is made up of different paragraphs leading up to the conclusion. Here we are going to look at the different paragraphs.

First paragraph

The first paragraph of your application letter will include information about why you are writing the letter in the first place. It is in this paragraph that you will mention the job that you are applying for and where you saw the job application.

It is in the first paragraph that you create a lasting impression on the employer. This is where you sell yourself to your prospective employer.

Second and third paragraph

The second and the third paragraph of your application letter should tell your prospective employer what you have to offer the company and what you have to offer performing the job.

These paragraphs are the most important in your application letter because this is where you have to prove to the employer that you meet the need of what the employer is looking for.

This is where you would have to share the experience, skills and accomplishments that suggest you as the best person for the job.

Remember to state how your qualification makes you the best person for the job.

Note : You should research the company and find out some information that will help you emphasize that you are the best person for the position. You can research the role that you would love to fill to find out the company’s expectation for the role, and then tailor your application in that regards.

You should also not forget to make use of specific example where possible. If you say that you are a skilled at marketing products, you should be able to give examples that would emphasize that.

Last paragraph

The last paragraph of your application letter should summarize your application letter. You should also thank your employer in this part of your application letter. You should conclude this paragraph by thanking your employer for considering you for the position.

You can also include information on how the employer or the company will follow you up.

Complimentary close

You should sign off your letter with a polite close. For example;

Signature (for a hard copy letter)

Typed Signature

Job Application Letter   Example for an Experienced Job Candidate

Writing an application letter for a job may not be an easy thing to do especially when you are writing one for the first time.

Looking at an application letter example will help write your own without much stress. This application letter example will guide you to write your application letter.

David Emmanuel

11 South Street

Ocean View Estate, Lekki,

Lagos, Nigeria.

555-555-5555

[email protected]

November 13th, 2019.

Judith Peterson

Human Resources Director

Capital Solutions, Inc.

101 Admiralty Way

Lekki, Lagos,

Dear Mr. Judith,

I was very happy when my friend, Daine James, told me that Capital Solutions are searching for a Human Resources Specialist with a minimum of two years experience.

From my research on the company, I learned that Capital Solutions see team work as an important aspect of performance that can help the company reach its goals, and how much the company needs a Human Resources specialist that would join the team and start performing at once. I believe that I am that ideal candidate for your team.

I am David Emmanuel, a graduate of Human Resources and Personnel Management from the University of Lagos. My 5 years of experience in Human Resources practices has made me become a Human Resources specialist.

In my current as the Human Resources Manager, I manage a team of 20 staff members, organize on-boarding program for new staff, and prepare pay role for the company. I also have experience in:

• Data entry and data reporting on HRM software
• Recruiting and hiring processes (which includes; creating job descriptions, posting job vacancies, creating candidate awareness on available job vacancies, screening CVs and scheduling interviews).
• Organizing company event. (Organizing end of the year party and team bonding events).

I would love to speak with you about my qualifications and what I can do for your team. Thank you for your consideration.

(Signature)

David Emmanuel.

Job Application Letter   Example for Job Candidates with No Experience

Jane Aderinsola

11 Ajayi Close,

111-333-4444

John Samuel

Dear Mr Emmanuel,

I was extremely excited when a friend mentioned the opening for the role of a customer service intern. I recently graduated from the University of Lagos, where I studied Mass Communication. I am very passionate about customer service, which is why I am excited about this position.

As a first-class graduate of Mass Communication, and as a one-time public relations officer for the students’ Union. I have learned how to effectively communicate and manage relationships with diverse people.

Asides from my graduate program, I have also taken different certificate courses and training in customer service practices and public relations. I recently attended a 2-weeks customer service training where I learned: The ethics of customer services, telephone etiquette, and I improved my written communication skills.

From my education, training and experience, I have been able to build the following skills:

· Excellent communication skills

· Good listening skills

· Improve my writing skills

· People management skills

· Interpersonal skills

· MS Office

I believe that my education, experience, and training in Mass communication and customer service practices has prepared me for this internship role.

Considering the great milestone that ABC company has achieved over time, I am certain that this company will be a great environment for me to grow my career as well as contribute to the success of the organization.

I look forward to a scheduled time where we can discuss my qualification as regards the internship.

Thank you for your consideration .

Application Letter FAQ

1: should my cv be accompanied by an application letter .

The answer is yes, your CV or résumé should always be accompanied by an application letter. It's an important self-marketing tool which you shouldn't fail to utilize.

2:  How Should I Format My Application Letter?

Your application letter should be formatted the following way: ●    Heading (hard copy) or Subject (Email) ●    Salutation Check this post for more infomration on how to format your application letter

3:  What Should I Include In My Application Letter?

Your application letter should include relevant work history and skills, the significant role you played in your previous job which matches the job you are now applying for, why you would be a  good fit for the role, achievements, and any industry certifications you possess

4: How Long Should My Application Letter Be?

Typical, a cover letter should be half a page, or one full page in length. Break it into paragraphs, so that the information can be easily and quickly absorbed by the recruiter.

Having a professional application letter can help you land the job of your dreams without having to wait for years. Companies receive loads of application letters daily, but learning how to write an effective application letter can help stand out from other job seekers.

Looking to land your dream job? See  100 interview questions and answers  to get you prepared for the big day.

Staff Writer

17 comment(s).

You explain it very well because your way of explanation is lovely. I am a social person, and I read many blogs from different websites. is one of them. He can also provide us with good information. I appreciate it. Keep it up.

Thank you very much Meave for your comment. 

You have explained well. But what if the person doesn't have any working experience? 

Thank you Ozuu for your comment. The post has been updated, so you can look at the application letter example for job seekers with no experience.

It is the section before the application letter FAQ.

thanks it has helped me

I love yr explanation but  what if the person is not a graduate ,and have no experience, if the person is an ssce holder , how we the person write the application Letter

I appreciate your work,good explanation.It really helped me

I really appreciate your explanation,it was very helpful

You explained very well... Thanks so much

Thank you for your explanation  but what about shs graduate 

Thanks alots your explanation helps.

Thanks for your vivid insight on this subject. I actually benefited alot. Keep it up. 

Best regards from;

EMMANUEL SUNDAY

Wow! Never knew that there's a difference between application letter and CV cover letter.  Thanks for your explanation, was really helpful.

The lecture is very educative. 

What if you are writing an application letter for a job that isn't related to your specialty. 

Example, you studied banking and finance but wanting to write for a position of a human resource and you don't have any experience on that. How will you go about it? 

I love this question, can someone answer this

This article is fantastic and I got some good information by reading this. 

Leave a Comment

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• Cover Letters

How to Structure a Cover Letter

What to include in each part of a cover letter.

Alison Doyle is one of the nation’s foremost career experts.

The Structure of a Cover Letter

• What to Include in a Cover Letter

Sending an Email Cover Letter

Cover letter template and example.

When  writing a cover letter  to apply for a job, it's important to include all the requisite information clearly and efficiently.

Your cover letter is a way to grab the hiring manager's attention and it's important to be sure that it's polished, professional, and complete with the information the reader expects to see. If any elements are missing, it could even disqualify you from consideration for the job.

A cover letter is comprised of several sections: your contact information, a salutation, the body of the cover letter, an appropriate closing, and a signature.

Review the structure of a cover letter, what to include in each part, and examples.

Your Contact Information

• What to include: The first section or header includes your contact information: name, address, phone or cell phone number, and your email address. It has also become common to include your LinkedIn address so that employers can immediately access your professional profile, resume, and networking contacts.  In an email, you can also list your contact info below your signature.
• Choose a style: Go with a simple block, centered header, or get a little fancy with the design if you're sending a hard copy. 
• Keep it professional: Also, keep in mind that your email address should sound simple and professional. Ideally, it would look like “[email protected].” Never use a “cutesy” email address that refers to your hobbies or political opinions or is off-color—your email address needs to reflect your professional identity, not your sense of humor.

You may want to create an email account dedicated solely to your career search. It can be easier to track all your correspondence when you have a dedicated email address for job hunting.

Employer Contact Information

• You can also include the employer's contact information. This is most appropriate to include on a formal, hard copy cover letter submitted through snail mail or by hand.
• If you are sending a job application by email or through an employer’s online application system, it is not as necessary to include this contact information.
• As a general rule of thumb for email applications, use the formal contact address if you know it, but don’t worry too much about omitting it otherwise.

Cover Letter Salutation

Although you may not need to know whom to address when sending a cover letter via email, getting a name to address your letter to is important. Do your research to avoid having to use the generic " To Whom It May Concern " or "Dear Sir or Madam," which can make things look like you didn't make an effort to learn more about the job or the employer. The best ways to learn contact names are to call an organization’s front office or to review their website.

To get in gear, review samples of  cover letter salutations . If you can't find a contact person, there are options you can use instead .

Cover Letter Body

The body of your cover letter lets the employer know what position you are applying for, why the employer should select you for an interview, and how you will follow up. This section of your cover letter includes:

• First paragraph : Why you are writing. This is "the grab," your chance to grasp your reader by the collar and get their attention. Offer some specific, focused information regarding the job you're seeking and a few core strengths that demonstrate your suitability for the position.
• Second paragraph : What you have to offer the employer .  This is your hook where you highlight examples of the work performed and achieved results. Draw on your key competencies from your resume, although don't copy it word for word. Bullet points in this paragraph are extremely effective in drawing your reader's eye to your successes.
• Third paragraph : Your knowledge of the company. Show that you did your research and know something about the business and how you can contribute to its mission.
• Fourth paragraph : Your closing. Summarize what you would bring to the position and suggest next steps by requesting a meeting or suggesting a call.

You can boldface quantifiable achievements like YOY sales figures in order to make these “pop” on the page.

Finish your letter with a formal closing like "Sincerely" or "Yours truly." A cover letter is professional correspondence, so don't use informal closings like "Cheers" in the letters you write to apply for jobs.

Your Signature 

How you sign your cover letter will depend if you're sending a paper or email letter. If you're sending a paper letter, type your name after the salutation, leaving a space for your handwritten signature. If you're sending an email cover letter, type your name and contact information after your salutation.

Signature for a Hard Copy Letter Example

Mary Barnes (Your Signature)

Mary Barnes

Email Letter Signature Example

Mary Barnes Address City, State Zip Email Phone

When you're sending a cover letter via email, include your name and the job you're applying for in the subject line of the message. That way, you'll be sure your message gets opened and read.

Subject: Mary Barnes - Marketing Assistant Position

Download a cover letter template (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online) or see below for more examples.

Cover Letter Example

Lucius Applicant 123 Main Street Anytown, CA 12345 555-555-5555 lucius.applicant@email.com

August 12, 2020

William Lee Lead Mechanic Acme Auto 123 Business Rd. Business City, NY 54321 

Dear Mr. Lee:

I’m writing to apply for the position of diesel mechanic at the City Transit Agency, as advertised on the city’s careers web page. I’ve included my resume for your consideration.

In addition to experience as a diesel mechanic, I have an excellent knowledge of gasoline engines and electric systems, and I hold a CDL drivers license. Most recently, I worked for Trailer Transfer in Middletown as their lead diesel mechanic. While I was there, I developed a training program for new hires. However, I had to leave my job due to a move to your city.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I will follow up next week to see if I can offer any more information about my skills and experience. My cell phone is 555-555-5555 and my email is lucius.applicant@email.com. 

Best regards,

Lucius Applicant (Signature hard copy letter)

Lucius Applicant

Need more examples? Here are more cover letter examples , including templates you can customize to create your own cover letters.

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Key Elements of a Cover Letter

The cover letter is usually the first item an employer reads from you. Your letter should immediately indicate what position you are applying for and then give information that demonstrates why you should be considered for the position. Do not repeat all of the information contained in your resume. Instead, highlight or elaborate on resume items that are directly applicable to the position for which you are applying. The following information should be included in your cover letter.

Information about you

Begin your cover letter with your contact information. It should be in block style, on the left margin of your paper, towards the top. Name Current home address Telephone number

Include a date as you would do with any business letter.

Contact Person's Name, Title, Employer, and Address

Including a specific name can get your letter and resume to the hiring manager more quickly and can be an effective personal touch. If you are applying for an advertised position that does not give a name to contact, call the company and ask for the department manager's name.

Choose the appropriate way to address the contact person. For example: Dear Mr. Johns (if a man's name is the contact) Dear Ms. Smith (if a woman's name is the contact) Dear Prospective Employer (if there is no contact name)  

Opening Paragraph

In the opening paragraph tell how you learned about the position. You may, for example, know of a job through: a classified advertisement an unsolicited mailing the Internet personal referrals

Middle Paragraph

This paragraph gives a summary of your background and critical skills (hard skills) that make you qualified for the position.

Second Middle Paragraph

This paragraph can be used to demonstrate your persuasive skills (soft skills).

Contact Information and Closing

At the end of the letter talk about your availability for the job, where you can be contacted, and when you are going to contact the hiring person for an appointment to discuss your application. If you have no contact name you may simply want to indicate your anticipation for a response in this part of the letter. Thank the person to whom you are writing for his/her time and consideration of your application.

Other Considerations:

Paper and Printing

• Use white or ivory (20-25 lb.), 8 ½ x 11 bond paper printed on one side only.
• Use the same paper for resume, cover letter, and envelopes if possible.
• Make sure that there is no shadowing or dirty marks from your printer on the papers.

Error Prevention

• Follow instructions in employment ads or recruitment directions.
• Proofread! Look for spelling and formatting errors. Make sure recipient's name, company name, and title are correctly spelled in the letter and on the envelope.
• Proofread again!
• Have another person proofread your letter and resume.
• Be sure there are no errors of fact.
• Sign in blue or black ink.
• Keep a copy of the cover letter and resume for your records.
• Follow up with a phone call, about five days after expected delivery.

Layout and Design

• Follow standard cover letter format.
• Keep the cover letter to one page.
• Set margins at 1 ½”.
• Use a simple, easy to read font style, 10-14 point. (Times, Courier, or Helvetica)
• Use boldface, italics, all-caps and underlining, but don't overdo it.

Planning and Tone

• Tailor each cover letter to one specific position.
• Use industry jargon specific to your career field.
• Identify the employer's key words and use them.
• Make all statements positive. Check the tone by asking yourself if each sentence leaves a positive impression.
• Show originality but not cuteness.
• Use action verbs and phrases .
• Sound determined and confident not desperate.
• Organize context in a reasonable and logical order.
• Use correct grammar.
• Keep sentences short.
• Keep paragraphs short.
• Use short words and simple language.
• Make every word count.
• Punctuate using commas, dashes, and periods.
• Focus on the employer's need for a worker, rather than your need for a job.
• Tell how your skills and personal qualities match the employer's needs.
• Focus on what you can do for the employer and how you contribute to the organization.
• Show you have researched the company double check those facts.
• Be specific avoid general statements.

Jobscan > Cover Letter Formats

Top 5 Strategic Cover Letter Formats to Get You an Interview Today

Crafting a concise yet compelling cover letter increases your chances of getting scheduled for an interview. It should highlight your most relevant skills and give a glimpse into your personality, so recruiters know you’re a good fit. Read on to learn all you need to know about cover letter formats that bring you one step closer to a job offer.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

What is a cover letter and why does it matter?

A cover letter is a short document that is typically sent together with a resume , curriculum vitae, portfolio, or other important attachments in a job application. Its main purpose is to highlight details that are relevant to a job and that can improve a candidate’s chances of getting selected.

If you’re writing a cover letter, think of it as your one chance to show recruiters that you are what they’re looking for.

Don’t waste it by writing a meh letter!

It shouldn’t be just a random attachment to your resume. It has to make recruiters want to get to know you better.

Put your best foot forward using clear, descriptive language, and don’t be afraid to show off your biggest achievements and skills. If you have a letter ready, check out Jobscan’s cover letter checker to see if it’s doing all of that for you.

Benefits of proper cover letter formatting

Following the proper cover letter format ensures that:

• Your letter is easy to read through. Recruiters are busy people. They go through hundreds of applications. The right format makes it easy for them to read through your letter from start to finish–a good thing for recruiters and a plus for you.
• You get to expound on important parts of your resume. The right cover letter format provides space where you can briefly explain why you’re a perfect match without over-explaining your value.
• Your letter is tailor-fit to the job you’re applying for. It provides space for you to tailor your application to the job you’re applying for, as compared to sending a generic cover letter (or, worse, no cover letter at all!).
• Your letter is customized to fit where you are in your job search journey. The right cover letter format will help you get to your desired goal–whether you’re looking for opportunities for the first time, seeking to upgrade your skill sets, or hoping to expand your experience.

In a survey conducted on the impact of cover letters on job applications, 83 percent of respondents said that applicants who send a compelling cover letter can land an interview, even if their resume isn’t particularly impressive.

You wouldn’t want to pass up on that!

Still, you shouldn’t let your efforts go to waste by submitting a mediocre resume. You can use this free resume scanner to optimize your resume. Pairing a solid cover letter with a strong resume can further increase your chances of getting a call for an interview!

18 Free Cover Letter Templates That Will Actually Get You Interviews

By using one of our simple, easy-to-read templates, you’ll significantly improve the chances that your cover letter will successfully pass through an ATS and into the hands of a hiring manager.

How to format a cover letter

Regardless of which type you need to write, the general cover letter template remains the same. Follow this outline to write a winning cover letter:

This goes on the top left corner of your page. It doesn’t have to follow any specific date format, so you can choose one you’re comfortable using.

• Contact information

On a hard copy, you will need to include a more detailed version of your contact information. This goes below the date and should look like this:

Your Name Home address City, State, zip code Contact number Email address

Below this information is where the hiring manager’s information goes, which should look like this:

Manager’s Name Designation Company Name Office address City, State, zip code

If you’re sending only a digital copy, your contact information should look like this:

Your Name City, State Contact number Email address

Below the date and contact information is where your greeting should go. Remember: An eye-catching cover letter begins with a salutation that mentions the hiring manager’s name.

One major major mistake that applicants make is using impersonal ways to address the hiring manager, such as “Dear Sir/Madam” or the long-outdated “To whom it may concern”. These fail horribly at catching hiring managers’ attention and even show a lack of interest.

Another big mistake is indicating a name without verifying it’s the correct one. Few things are worse than a letter with the wrong addressee name.

Addressing a hiring manager by name , on the other hand, effectively grabs their attention. It has the same effect as when you hear someone calling your name on a crowded street. It will make you turn to see who’s calling you.

So doing a bit of research on whose desk your letter will end up on will give you a significant edge. You’ll want hiring managers to know you’re addressing them personally, and that you are genuinely enthusiastic about their company.

Examples of proper ways to start a cover are:

Dear Mr. Smith,

• Greetings John,

If you can’t find the hiring manager’s name, you may also use these examples:

• To the Editorial Team
• Dear Jobscan Team

You can also use “Dear Hiring Manager”. However, this feels a bit too detached. A better way is to address the specific team you’re looking to join.

This section is where you give a brief description of yourself. Highlight relevant skills, accomplishments, and experiences that show you are a high-value candidate.

Keep this section no longer than one paragraph with only two to three short sentences in all. If you have plenty of relevant accomplishments, pick only the best and most recent. You can elaborate on your other experiences during the interview.

The body of the letter should only be one to two paragraphs long. This is the part where you expound on the following details:

• Why you’re applying for the job
• What value you can add to the company or specific team
• Quantifiable accomplishments that are relevant to the role

Anyone can say they’re a convincing salesperson. But those with the results to prove it are perceived as more reliable.

If you’re unsure how to beef up your cover letter’s body, you can use the cover letter optimizer to help you determine the best details to include.

End your cover letter with a closing section where you can sign off using professional closings, such as:

• Respectfully,

Avoid using overly casual or inappropriate sign-offs, such as:

• Yours Truly,
• Warm Regards,

Also, keep the tone professional yet friendly.

The closing section is also where you may reiterate your interest in the company or a specific position.

Only touch on past experiences that you can back up with numbers. Compared to vague claims about your track record or accomplishments, measurable results are more persuasive and give a clear picture of your strengths.

Cover letter format sample

Take a look at this example to help you write your own cover letter:

Jill Jobscan Jobhunt Rd. City, WA 1234 (123) 456-7890 [email protected]

My five years of experience as a Human Resource professional has increased my passion for people and building work environments where everyone thrives. I have a combination of expertise and dedication toward shaping a healthy work culture, which I would love to bring to your team if I am granted the opportunity.

During my engagement with Summit Agency, I successfully reduced turnover rates across all departments by 56 percent. I also implemented mental health programs and a hybrid work setup for selected teams, which boosted employee morale by 40 percent and confidence in leadership by 28 percent.

I admire your company’s drive for equal opportunities, work-life balance, and a healthy work environment. And I look forward to potentially joining your team and helping you make it happen.

Jill Jobscan

Types of cover letter formats

There are five main types of cover letters :

• Application
• Prospecting
• Career change

The first four are your traditional formal letters, usually in block format and having only three to four short paragraphs. Traditional cover letters also typically have a business-like tone, but networking cover letters tend to be conversational and casual.

Aside from these four, there is another type of “cover letter” that is recently gaining popularity–the email “cover letter”.

To know which of these best suits where you are in your job search, let’s find out more about these cover letter formats:

Application cover letter

The most common cover letter format is the application letter. This is what you would send to a recruiter to supplement a resume or curriculum vitae. It should contain all details that are relevant to the job ad and answer the question, “Why should we hire you?”

Here are ways you can make sure your letter matches the job post:

• Touch briefly on the company, such as its vision or culture.
• Only include skills and achievements that match the job.
• Use a cover letter analyzer to find out details to include, words to avoid, and measurable results to increase your match rate.

Pick only your best accomplishments and experiences, and make sure that the cover letter is tailored for the job. Recruiters who have gone through hundreds of applications can spot a generic cover letter from a mile away!

Prospecting cover letter

A prospecting cover letter is somewhat similar to an application cover letter. It’s something you use when you’re searching for a job–only this time you’re not eyeing a specific post.

This is the type of cover letter template that you would send when you’re interested in working for a company and are eager to learn about open positions.

Otherwise, it will give the impression that you’re not sure how you can add value to the organization.

This is an example of how NOT to write a prospecting letter:

“I have five years of experience as an HR professional, with displayed strengths in compensation and benefits and recruitment. I look forward to seeing if I am a good fit for any current openings in your company.”

In the example above, the applicant is able to communicate her skills and experience. However, there is no mention of measurable results that show (instead of tell) that she indeed excels at them.

The phrase “any current openings” without mention of preferences in job roles also makes it a weak letter. It shows a lack of confidence and passion, which results in a letter that doesn’t stand out.

Here is an example of how to properly communicate your competencies in a prospecting letter:

“I am passionate about people and building a healthy work culture where everyone thrives. As an Employee Wellness Manager, I reduced turnover rates across all departments by 56 percent. I also implemented mental health programs and a hybrid work setup for selected teams, which boosted employee morale by 40 percent.

I admire your company’s drive for equal opportunities, work-life balance, and a healthy work environment. And I look forward to seeing if I am a good fit for any HR-related roles.”

In this example, the applicant gives recruiters a clear idea regarding her skill sets, expertise, and values. This makes it easy for hiring managers to determine whether she matches current openings in line with her preference and area of expertise.

Just because you’re not applying for a specific position doesn’t mean you don’t need to have one in mind. Make your prospecting letter more compelling by indicating which roles or tasks you would excel at.

Networking cover letter

What better way to search for a job or get a recommendation than through friends? You can take advantage of your professional network by sending former colleagues, acquaintances, or relevant people in your circle a letter that lets them know you’re open to new work opportunities.

If you have a wide network, that’s great! However, you should avoid shooting just anyone in your contacts list an email.

Here are some tips on how to make sure your letter produces the right results:

• Choose contacts in leadership positions or with a say in hiring. Reach out to strategic people with authority to hire, can affect hiring decisions, or are qualified to make a recommendation.
• Reach out to people who can lead you to opportunities. If you don’t have contacts who are hiring or have authority to hire, those who can lead you to people who are can make your job search easier.
• Contact former colleagues who can vouch for your work ethic or accomplishments. It’s easier for people to recommend or hire you when they know the value that you can add to their team. Having first-hand experience with your work ethic also helps people say with confidence that you’re a good choice.
• Initiate further conversation. Be proactive by ending your letter with an invitation to discuss opportunities. Show your eagerness by suggesting a time and place or asking for their availability. Don’t end your letter without a call to action or an opportunity to follow up.
• Give them a call beforehand. If you have a close enough relationship, calling them before sending the letter can give your job search a real boost. This way they’re already expecting your letter and are most likely better able to respond positively.

Career change letter

A career change cover letter is similar to an application letter, only that it signifies your intent to apply for a job in a different field or line of work.

Here are some tips on how to make this cover letter format work:

• Briefly explain your reason for the career shift. It’s natural for people to wonder why you’re suddenly making a career change. Give a brief but compelling answer to this in your letter. That way, recruiters understand why without thinking it’s probably only because your previous job didn’t work out.
• Highlight skills and experiences relevant to the role you’re applying for. You would also want to put in a few words explaining why these skills make you a good fit for the role, especially if this is a shift to a completely unrelated profession.
• Keep it short. All cover letters should be short and sweet. Always assume that whoever will get your letter is in a hurry. With a career change cover format, this can be a challenge because of the added information you need to include. But you can still make it concise by only picking important highlights and using descriptive words.

Email “Cover Letter”

This fifth cover letter format is a casual email that people typically send out when recruiters ask for a resume but don’t require a formal cover letter. It’s usually very brief and meant to inform recruiters that important documents have been attached to the email.

If you’re sending an email “cover letter”, make it work for you by briefly stating why you’re interested in the role and your most important relevant experience.

Even if recruiters don’t ask for a cover letter, it’s a good idea to send one anyway. Did you know that less than 40 percent of candidates send a cover letter even when recruiters ask for one? Sending a well-crafted cover letter will give you a huge advantage over other applicants.

How to format a cover letter correctly?

To correctly format a cover letter, simply follow this general outline:

Here are other things to remember when formatting a cover letter:

• Choose a professional, clean-looking font. Avoid decorative fonts like Monotype Corsiva, or an unprofessional-looking one like Calibri. Better options are Times New Roman and Arial.
• Be consistent with formatting. Use the same format, font, and document size for both your resume and cover letter.
• Use the block format . When writing formal letters, always use the block format. This means aligning all sections of the letter to the left and using single spacing.

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is a short document that is attached to a resume, curriculum vitae, or portfolio. It is intended to expound on key skills and experiences on an applicant’s resume and help recruiters choose candidates that best suit a job post.

How to write a cover letter in block format?

To write a cover letter in block format, align all the sections of your cover letter to the left, set the spacing to single in between sentences, and double in between paragraphs.

The block format is most commonly used in formal or business emails and letters.

How to format a cover letter for an internship?

To format a cover letter for an internship, you would still want to follow the general cover letter format. You can still highlight skills and experiences in the body of your cover letter even if you don’t have any actual work experience.

Here’s how:

• List volunteer experiences and skills gained through each. You can also briefly explain how these skills are relevant to the program.
• Include extra-curricular activities. Showcase those where you had an active or leadership role, and describe competencies gained through each.
• List relevant awards and recognitions. Pick only those that communicate strengths applicable to the internship program.

What’s a good cover letter email format?

A cover letter email format should be brief and clear, while effectively showcasing your suitability for the job through relevant skills and experience. There is no set format to follow when writing a cover letter email, but we recommend the following:

• Body section where you can share your interest in the role and your relevant skills
• Closing where you mention important attachments, such as a resume

Explore more cover letter resources

Cover Letter Writing Guide

ATS-Optimized Cover Letter

Cover Letter Examples

Cover Letter Templates

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Career Planning: Choose Your Path

• Job Applications and Cover Letters
• Self-Assessment Tests
• Module 1 Quiz
• Academic and Program Research
• Career Terminology and Trends
• How To Conduct Career Research
• Cost Of Living and Your Choices
• Career Related Videos
• Module 2 Quiz
• Finding and Applying for Jobs
• Transferable Skills & Digital Identity
• Interviewing & Big Interview Tool
• Career Resources

The Difference Between Job Applications, Cover Letters and Résumés

The difference between the job application, cover letter and résumé .

Each document has a unique purpose in the job seeking process.

• Job Application - A job application is a form employers use to collect information about you to see if you are a good fit for the position. It may be required as an in person document or completed online. It is used as a first level screening device to reduce the number of applicants to interview.  They typically include personal information, employment information (work history), education/training and reference information. 
• Cover Letter -  A cover letter may not be required. A cover letter should highlight the qualifications you have for the job for which you are applying. It is used to provide the employer with information (as a continuation of to the application) as to why you are a good candidate for the job. The main function of your cover letter is to show off how your qualification makes you a match for the job. Unlike a resume, you should use the first-person to write your cover letter. (That said, avoid using "I" too much.) A cover letter should be written with the assumption that employers will use a combination of your application and your résumé to match it to the statement you are making in the letter about your qualifications.A cover letter will help employers to interpret your background as represented on the resume and will help prove how your previous experiences qualify you for a job. The cover letter should reflect how your skills and background are a math to the job requirements that are detailed in the job posting. A cover letter should not be just bullet points of content from the resume.
• Résumé - You can think of your résumé as a general summary of your work experience and your cover letter as a summary of your work experience as it relates to the job at hand. A résumé is a document that itemizes your employment history. It summarizes the jobs you have held, the education you have attained, certifications, skills, and other quantifiable information about your background and work experience. Typically, a resume is written in the third person and uses as few words as possible to summarize the experience. Rather than writing "I supervised the large buying team at XYZ company" a résumé would have a bullet point that says, "Supervised 19-person buying team." A résuméstates the facts – who, what, when, and how. In contrast, a cover letter provides an opportunity to explain why you are qualified for the job. This document adds a bit of color and personality and is intended to persuade employers that you're a good fit for the position at hand. 

Completing a Job Application Resources

Job Application Overview - Purdue OWL

Everything You Need To Know About Job Applications - Indeed

5 Different Types of Job Applications (and Why Employers Use Them) - Indeed

What Is a Job Application? The Balance

Parts of the Cover Letter

• Format and Content
• Examples/Samples
• Greeting/Employer
• Intro Paragraph

Cover Letters

A cover letter is a one-page business letter that you submit when applying to a job, along with your resume.  It provides an introduction to a prospective employer, briefly provide a summary of your professional experience and to express interest in a specific company.  It is an addition to your résumé ; it is not meant to replace your résumé . It is concise and normally consist of 3-4 paragraphs.  As a piece of persuasive writing, your cover letter will aim to convey to the employer why you’re a great candidate for the role.

Cover Letter Resources

What to Include in a Cover Letter - Resume Genius

Writing Cover Letters - University of Wisconsin

How To Write a Cover Letter (With Steps, Examples and Tips)

GFC LearnFree Playlist  - This playlist from GFC LearnFree focuses on some strategies you can use to create an effective and successful cover letter.

Cover Letter Example

Source: https://www.thebalancemoney.com/cover-letter-format-2060205  

Example Cover Letters

The Balance - Cover Letter Examples and Writing Tips  - This website provides samples and templates for cover letters for a variety of positions. It includes how to word the content for different situations such as (but not limited to):

• Basic Cover Letter Example for a Resume
• Sample Cover Letter for a Job Application
• Cold Contact Letter
• Letter For Unadvertised Openings
• Career Change
• College Graduate
• Entry-Level
• Part-Time Jobs
• Summer Jobs

As you can see, your cover letter should be tailored to the job you are applying for. Taking that extra step might be what gets you to the interview stage. 

Your Contact Information

• Header:  The first section includes your contact information: name, address, phone or cell phone number, and your email address. It has also become common to include your  LinkedIn address so that employers can immediately access your professional profile, resume, and networking contacts. Beware of listing social media identities. They are less formal and your digital footprint matters (see Transferable Skills and Digital Identity).
• Style/Format:  Go with a simple block, centered header. Be careful not to get too creative - remember, this document should make a good impression but the content is the focus. . 
• Maintain professionalism:  Your email address should sound simple and professional. Ideally, it would look like “[email protected].” Save email addresses that are humorous, refer to hobbies, opinions or.'not safe for work' for personal use (e.g., [email protected] or [email protected]). The email address you share with employers should reflect a professional identity. Considering creating an email account dedicated solely to your career search for professionalism and to make it easier to track  and use for correspondence specific to the job search. 

You may or may not have a specific person to address when sending a cover letter. getting a name to address your letter to is important. Do your research to avoid having to use the generic "To Whom It May Concern" or "Dear Sir or Madam," which can make things look like you didn't make an effort to learn more about the job or the employer. The best ways to learn contact names are to call an organization’s front office or to review their website.

To get in gear, review samples of  cover letter salutations . If you can't find a contact person,  there are options you can use instead .

Keep it professional

Starting a cover letter with “Dear” is polite without being too formal, which is what makes it a good choice. Greetings that are overly casual are inappropriate for a cover letter salutation and should be avoided.

Here are some examples of  inappropriate greetings  for a cover letter:

Unprofessional greetings

• “Hey,”
• “Hi,”
• “Hello,”
• “Greetings,”
• “Hey there,”

When you know the hiring manager’s name

The purpose of a cover letter is to reach and impress the hiring manager. Using their name in your cover letter salutation increases your chances of being invited for an interview, because it shows them you took the time to find their name.

By contrast, a generic greeting sounds impersonal and implies that you haven’t researched the company.

Knowing  how to address a cover letter  is a vital job search skill that can give you a competitive edge.

Here’s how to choose a salutation when you do and do not know the hiring manager’s gender:

When their gender is known

If you’re certain of the hiring manager’s gender, use titles (such as Mr. for men) followed by their last name in your cover letter salutation. For women, use Ms. unless the job posting or company website shows another preference. For example:

• “Dear Mr. Franklin,”
• “Dear Ms. Tsai:”
• “Dear Miss Rodriquez,” (only if “Miss” is specified in the job posting)

Some hiring managers may use Mx. as a gender-neutral title, so note such preferences:

• “Dear Mx. Sanders,”

An alternative for addressing hiring managers who prefer gender-neutral titles is “Dear” followed by their first and last name. For example:

• “Dear Eli Watson,”

Finally, if the hiring manager has a professional title, use this in your cover letter greeting to show you’ve done your research:

• “Dear Dr. Al-Bassam,”
• “Dear Lieutenant Pritchard,”

When their gender is unknown

While it’s best to use titles in your cover letter salutation, gender-ambiguous names (such as Kerry) make this difficult. In these cases, your salutation should include their full name:

• “Dear Cameron Hill,”
• “Dear Jay MacBride:”
• “Dear Taylor O’Malley,”

Alternatively, use the gender-neutral pronoun “Mx.”:

• “Dear Mx. Lopez,”

When you don’t know the hiring manager’s name

If you can’t find the hiring manager’s name, you can still write an effective salutation for your cover letter. Use information that is specific to the job opening to  address your cover letter without a name , such as job title and department:

• “Dear Client Services Manager,”
• “Dear Vice President of Business Development,”
• “Dear Sales & Marketing Director:”

If these details are not available, the following generic cover letter greetings are also acceptable:

• “Dear Hiring Manager,”
• “Dear Human Resources Team,”

However, before you resort to general salutations, first do your best to find the hiring manager’s name. Try looking on the company website, LinkedIn, or even Twitter.

Using the hiring manager’s name will show them that you care enough to be proactive about applying for the job, and are willing to put in the effort to stand out.

Cover letter salutations to avoid

There are certain cover letter greetings you should avoid because they’re too impersonal or vague.

Here are two examples:

• “ Dear Sir or Madam, ”
• “ To Whom it May Concern ”

Using “Dear Sir or Madam” is outdated and too formal for a modern cover letter greeting, and the term is non-inclusive which is no longer well-received in today’s job market. Using “To Whom it May Concern” is impersonal and shows hiring managers that you didn’t take the time to research their company.

Knowing  how to write a cover letter  is a valuable tool for connecting with hiring managers. Opening with a professional cover letter salutation is a good way to begin that connection, and might just help you land your dream job.

The body of your cover letter lets the employer know what position you are applying for, why the employer should select you for an interview, and how you will follow up. This section of your cover letter includes:

Opening Sentence and First Paragraph. Why you are writing? This is "the grab," your chance to grasp your reader by the collar and get their attention. Offer some specific, focused information regarding the job you're seeking and a few core strengths that demonstrate your suitability for the position. Review the link for more ideas.

• Second paragraph : What you have to offer the employer .  This is your hook where you highlight examples of the work performed and achieved results. Draw on your key competencies from your resume, although don't copy it word for word. Bullet points in this paragraph are extremely effective in drawing your reader's eye to your successes.
• Third paragraph : Your knowledge of the company. Show that you did your research and know something about the business and how you can contribute to its mission.
• Fourth paragraph : Your closing. Summarize what you would bring to the position and suggest next steps by requesting a meeting or suggesting a call.

Finish your letter with a formal closing like "Sincerely" or "Yours truly." A cover letter is professional correspondence, so don't use informal closings like "Cheers" in the letters you write to apply for jobs.

Your Signature 

How you  sign your cover letter  will depend if you're sending a paper or email letter. If you're sending a paper letter, type your name after the salutation, leaving a space for your handwritten signature. If you're sending an email cover letter, type your name and contact information after your salutation.

Signature for a Hard Copy Letter Example

Mary Barnes  (Your Signature)

Mary Barnes

Email Letter Signature Example

Mary Barnes Address City, State Zip Email Phone

Create a Cover Letter Activity

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