• Free Tools for Students
  • CSE Citation Generator

Free CSE Citation Generator

Generate accurate CSE citations for books, websites, journals and more, with MyBib!

CSE style guidebook cover

🤔 What is a CSE Citation Generator?

A CSE citation generator is an online tool that creates citations in the Council of Science Editors (CSE) citation style. It does this automatically by taking in an identifier for a document, such as a website URL, book ISBN, or journal DOI, and then formatting the citation correctly using the remaining details.

🤓 What is the CSE citation style?

The CSE citation style is a citation style created by the Council of Science Editors, a non-profit organization. They publish the CSE style guidelines in the CSE Scientific Style and Format Manual , now on the 8th edition.

There are three ways to correctly cite sources in the CSE style. They should not be mixed together (format all citations the same way).

  • Name-Year (N-Y): Also known as author-date, the author name and publication year are surrounded with parenthesis and placed next to the cited text as an in-text citation. The reference list at the end of the article is ordered alphabetically by the author's last name.
  • Citation-Name (C-N): Superscripted numbers (example: ¹) are placed next to cited text as an in-text citation. The reference list is still sorted alphabetically by the author's last name, but the corresponding in-text citation number is prepended to each reference to connect both of them together.
  • Citation-Sequence (C-S): Similar to Citation-Name, superscripted numbers are used next to cited text and are also prepended to the author's name in the reference list, but the reference list is sorted by the citation number in ascending order instead of the author's last name.

👩‍🎓 Who uses a CSE Citation Generator?

The CSE style is used broadly across the sciences--especially biology, where it originated. If you are studying the sciences, or you are writing to be published in an CSE publication (such as Science Editor ), then you will likely need to cite your sources using the CSE style.

🙌 Why should I use a CSE Citation Generator?

Every academic field, not just the sciences, will recommend using a tool to record references to others' work in your writing. A citation generator like MyBib can record this data, and can also automatically create an accurate bibliography from it, with the necessary in-text citations too.

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's CSE Citation Generator?

MyBib's CSE citation generator was designed to be accurate and easy to use (also it's FREE!). Follow these steps:

  • Search for the article, website, or document you want to cite using the search box at the top of the page.
  • Look through the list of results found and choose the one that you referenced in your work.
  • Make sure the details are all correct, and correct any that aren't. Then click Generate!

The generator will produce a formatted CSE citation that can be copied and pasted directly into your document, or saved to MyBib as part of your overall reference list (which can be downloaded fully later!).

MyBib supports the following for CSE style:

Image of daniel-elias

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

Banner

Scientific Style (CSE) Citation Examples

  • Books/eBooks
  • Conferences/unpublished
  • Ask a Librarian
  • Organizational author
  • No author/date

END REFERENCE (ONE AUTHOR)

[ web example ]

    IN TEXT

(Geggel 2016 ) .

END REFERENCE

[Author abbreviation] Author. Date. Title. Place of publication: Publisher; [updated date; accessed date]. URL.

​ [IRPC] Industrial Psychology Research Centre. 2010. Aberdeen (UK): University of Aberdeen. [updated 2010 Oct 6; accessed 2019 Jan 22]. http://www.abdn.ac.uk/iprc/ .

IN TEXT 

(IRPC 2010).

[ web page with no author image ]

(Human Biology . . . c2002-2016).

​ Organizations and memberships. 2016. Reston  (VA): American Institute of Biological Sciences, [accessed 2016 Jul 1]. http://access.aibs.org/organizations.html.

  

(Organizations . . . 2016).

[date unknown]

  • << Previous: Books/eBooks
  • Next: Media >>
  • Last Updated: Dec 19, 2023 4:09 PM
  • URL: https://libguides.nwmissouri.edu/cse
  • For educators
  • Go to my projects
  • Português (PT)
  • Português (BR)

BibGuru CSE Citation Generator

Cite websites, books, articles, ...

BibGuru CSE Citation Generator citation generator

In-text citations in CSE

Cse reference list - name-year system, citation examples - name-year system, cse reference list - citation-sequence and citation-name system, citation examples - citation-sequence and citation-name system.

  • Helpful resources

The ultimate guide to citing in CSE

CSE style was developed by the Council of Science Editors (CSE), a US-based nonprofit organization that supports editorial practice among scientific writers. The CSE publishes a style guide for scientific papers: The CSE Manual . CSE style originated in the 1960s and is currently used in many fields of study in both the life sciences and physical sciences.

If you are not sure which citation style to use in your paper, ask your instructor. There are many different citation styles and using the style your instructor or institution has established correctly can have a positive impact on your grade.

The CSE Manual, 8th edition, is the basis of this guide. This guide focuses on crediting sources and aims at answering all of your questions about citing in CSE. But you don’t have to worry about getting your citations right with the BibGuru citation generator. We have created BibGuru to help you focus on the content of your work instead of worrying about how to get your reference list done correctly.

APA book cover

I want to cite a ...

The CSE style has three systems to cite sources in-text:

  • Name-Year (N-Y) system: The author’s surname and year of the publication are placed in parentheses in the text e.g. (Rode 2012). The reference list is ordered alphabetically by author name.
  • Citation-Name (C-N) system: Superscript numbers are used to identify in-text citations. In the alphabetized reference list, each numeral corresponds with a unique reference.
  • Citation-Sequence (C-S) system: Superscript numbers are used to identify in-text citations. In the reference list, sources are numbered sequentially by the order in which they appear in the text (this differs from the C-N system because they might not be in alphabetical order by author).

These abbreviated references are called in-text references. They refer to a list of full references at the end of the document.

Which of the three citation systems above you use will determine the order of references at the end of your document. These end references essentially have the same format in all three systems. One exception is the placement of the date of publication in the name-year system. Ask your instructor which of the three systems to use in case you are unsure.

See below the format and examples for the most popular reference types in the name-year system:

CSE Name-Year explainer image

  • Dissertations and Theses

For the end reference, list authors in the order in which they appear in the original text, followed by the year of publication. Journal titles are generally abbreviated. Each element is separated by a period, and the location (usually the page range for the article) is preceded by a colon.

FORMAT Reference list entry format

Author(s). Date. Article title. Journal title. Volume(issue):location.

FORMAT Reference list entry format for an online journal article

Author(s) of article. Date of publication. Title of article. Title of journal (edition). [date updated; date accessed];Volume(issue):location. Notes.

EXAMPLE Journal article with a DOI

(Christopher 2022)

Reference list:

Christopher MM. 2022. Comprehensive analysis of retracted journal articles in the field of veterinary medicine and animal health. BMC Vet Res. 18(1):73. doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03167-x.

For articles with 2 authors, names are separated by a comma in the end reference but by “and” in the in-text reference.

EXAMPLE Journal article with two authors

(McCauley and Christiansen 2019)
McCauley SM, Christiansen MH. 2019. Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychol Rev. 126(1):1–51. doi:10.1037/rev0000126.

For articles with 3 to 10 authors, list all authors in the end reference; in the in-text reference, list only the first, followed by “et al.” When there are more than 10 authors, list the first 10 in the end reference, followed by “et al.”

EXAMPLE Journal article with four authors

(Warren et al. 2018)
Warren R, Price J, Graham E, Forstenhaeusler N, VanDerWal J. 2018. The projected effect on insects, vertebrates, and plants of limiting global warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C. Science. 360(6390):791–795. doi:10.1126/science.aar3646.

The basic format for books is as follows:

FORMAT Book

Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes.

Extent can include information about pagination or number of volumes and is considered optional. Notes can include information of interest to the reader, such as the language of publications other than English, and is also considered optional.

For books with 2 authors, names are separated by a comma in the end reference and by “and” in the in-text reference.

EXAMPLE Book with two authors

(Auerbach and Kotlikoff 1998)
Auerbach AJ, Kotlikoff LJ. 1998. Macroeconomics: An integrated approach. 2nd ed. London, England: MIT Press.

For books with 3 to 10 authors, list all authors in the end reference. In the in-text reference, list only the first, followed by “et al.” For books with more than 10 authors, list the first 10 in the end reference, followed by “et al.”

EXAMPLE Book with 6 authors

(Clayton et al. 2021)
Clayton D, Jackson TD, Stone N, Thomas A, Woodfolk A, Yoon N. 2021. Blackout. UK: HarperCollins.

EXAMPLE Book with an editor and multiple authors

(Raab et al. 2015)
Raab M, Lobinger B, Hoffmann SO, Pizzera A, Laborde S, editors. 2015. Performance psychology: Perception, action, cognition, and emotion. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

EXAMPLE Doctoral thesis

(Pradhan 2021)
Pradhan S. 2021. Impacts of road construction on landsliding in Nepal [doctoral thesis]. Durham University. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/14069/.

Website references follow the same general principles as printed references. In addition, a date of update/revision (if available), access date, and URL need to be provided. The format for a website reference looks like this:

FORMAT Website

Title of Homepage. Date of publication. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; [date updated; date accessed]. Notes.

For the in-text reference, include only the first word or two of the title (enough to distinguish it from other titles in the reference list), followed by an ellipsis.

EXAMPLE Website

WWF - endangered species conservation. 2022. World Wildlife Fund. [accessed 2022 May 27]. https://www.worldwildlife.org/.

The format for a blog article is as follows:

FORMAT Blog post

Author’s name. Date of publication. Title of post [descriptive word]. Title of blog. [accessed date]. URL.

EXAMPLE Blog post

(Liegl 2021)
Liegl J. 2021. Communicating with humanity. Several people are typing. [accessed 2022 Feb 22]. https://slack.com/blog/collaboration/communicating-with-humanity.

An example of an CSE Name-Year reference page made with BibGuru's CSE citation generator:

cse page example image

How to use Bibguru for CSE citations

video cover

The citation-sequence and citation-name systems are identical except for the order of references. In both systems, numbers in the text refer to references in the reference list.

In the citation-sequence system , the end references are listed in the order in which they appear in the text. Once a reference is numbered, the same number is used for all following in-text citations in the same document, e.g. if Meyer is the first mentioned in-text, their work will be number 1 in the end references and also in all following in-text references.

In the citation-name system , references in the reference list are listed alphabetically by author. Multiple works by one author are listed alphabetically by title. The end references are numbered in alphabetical order and the number assigned to an author in the reference list is then used for the in-text citations, regardless of the order in which they appear in the text. So, if a work by Meyer is number 43 in the reference list, each in-text reference to Meyer will also be number 43.

See below for the format and examples of the most popular reference types in the citation-sequence and citation-name systems:

CSE Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name explainer image

Authors are listed in the order in which they appear in the original text, followed by a period. Journal titles are generally abbreviated.

Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Date;volume(issue):location.
Author(s) of article. Title of article. Title of journal (edition). Date of publication [date updated; date accessed];volume(issue):location. Notes.
2. Christopher MM. Comprehensive analysis of retracted journal articles in the field of veterinary medicine and animal health. BMC veterinary research. 2022;18(1):73. doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03167-x

For articles with more than 1 author, names are separated by a comma.

3. McCauley SM, Christiansen MH. Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological review. 2019;126(1):1–51. doi:10.1037/rev0000126

For articles with more than 10 authors, the first 10 are listed, followed by “et al.”

4. Warren R, Price J, Graham E, Forstenhaeusler N, VanDerWal J. The projected effect on insects, vertebrates, and plants of limiting global warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2018;360(6390):791–795. doi:10.1126/science.aar3646

This is the standard format for a book citation:

Author(s). Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date. Extent. Notes.

For books with more than 1 author, names are separated by a comma.

5. Auerbach AJ, Kotlikoff LJ. Macroeconomics: An integrated approach. 2nd ed. London, England: MIT Press; 1998.

When there are more than 10 authors, list the first 10 followed by “et al.”

6. Raab M, Lobinger B, Hoffmann SO, Pizzera A, Laborde S, editors. Performance psychology: Perception, action, cognition, and emotion. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2015.
7. Pradhan S. Impacts of road construction on landsliding in Nepal [doctoral thesis]. Durham University; 2021. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/14069/.

Website references follow the same general principles as for printed references. In addition, a date of update/revision (if available), access date, and URL need to be provided. The format for a website reference looks like this:

Title of Homepage. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date of publication [date updated; date accessed]. Notes.
8. WWF - endangered species conservation. World Wildlife Fund. 2022 [accessed 2022 May 27]. https://www.worldwildlife.org/
Author’s name. Title of post [descriptive word]. Title of blog. Date of publication. [accessed date]. URL.
8. Liegl J. Communicating with humanity. Several people are typing. 2021 Jul 2. [accessed 2022 Feb 22]. https://slack.com/blog/collaboration/communicating-with-humanity.

An example of an CSE Citation-Name reference page made with BibGuru's CSE citation generator:

cse page example image

While all the specific rules and variations of CSE citation style might sound very complicated, you don't need to worry about getting them wrong with BibGuru. Use our CSE citation maker to create the fastest and most accurate CSE citations possible.

Ditch the frustrations for stress-free citations

Helpful resources, from our blog.

How many sentences are in a paragraph

CSE stands for Council of Science Editors, formerly known as Council of Biology Editors, CBE. It is a US-based non-profit organization supporting editorial practice among scientific writers. The CSE was established in 1957 by the National Science Foundation and the American Institute of Biological Sciences. The CSE publishes a style guide for scientific papers, the CSE Manual.

The Council of Science Editors (CSE), a US-based non-profit organization supporting editorial practice among scientific writers publishes a style guide for scientific papers: The CSE Manual. The style is used in many fields of study including the life sciences and physical sciences.

The CSE style has three systems to cite sources. The Name-Year system uses in-text citations. In the Citation-Name system and the Citation-Sequence system, superscript numbers are used in-text to identify citations, corresponding with references in the reference list. Those are similar to footnotes but different in that they are not listed separately but integrated into the text.

Interviews and other forms of unpublished personal communications (for example emails) are not included in the reference list in the CSE style. Instead, they should be cited in parentheses within the text of your paper.

The reference list (or bibliography) at the end of your CSE paper can be titled "References" or "Cited References". The arrangement of those references depends on which of the three style systems you picked for the citations of your paper.

Citation generators

Citation guides, alternative to.

  • NoodleTools
  • Getting started
  • 📚 How to write a book report
  • 📝 APA Running Head
  • 📑 How to study for a test

Link to Library Homepage

CSE Citation Guide: Home

Introduction to cse citation style.

The CSE citation style is commonly used by biologists. To help you use the CSE style when citing sources, this library guide provides sample citations for books, articles, and other scientific works.

The Council of Science Editors (CSE), formerly known as Council of Biology Editors (CBE) , published the 8th edition of the CSE style manual in 2014. A print copy of the CSE Manual is available in the Mundt Library:

[C S E] Council of Science Editors. 2014 . Scientific style and format: The C S E manual for authors, editors, and publishers, 8 th ed.  Chicago : Council of Science Editors and University of Chicago Press .     Location in Library: Reference T 11 .S386 2014

Chapter 29 (8th edition, pp. 547 -649 ) of the CSE Manual describes two aspects of citation : 1) how to cite within the text of the document and 2) how to create a bibliography of citations.   The first aspect, often referred to as “in-text citation” is covered in section 29-2 . Principles for formatting the list of references (i.e., bibliography or end references) are in section 29-3 of the CSE Manual .

Continue below to find two sections:

Examples of citing within the text

  • Examples of citing in the bibliography

The CSE Manual describes three (3) different systems for citing within the text of the document:

  • citation-sequence
  • name-year, and
  • citation-name.

See the Manual for a description each system.

The examples below show only the name-year system.

  • BEWARE! The Manual favors the citation-name system, so examples in the book usually follow it and will need to be translated into the name-year style by using the rules in the book section 29.2.1.2 .
  • In the name-year system, in-text references use the author's surname and the publication year.
  • In the examples below, you will first see an example of an in-text citation. It is followed by the citation that would appear in the bibliography (end references).

In-text reference:

Learning to use scientific databases is key to finding the literature of biology (McMillan 2006).

End reference:

McMillan VE. 2006. Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.

Human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody has been shown to be effective in treating psoriasis. (Krueger et al. 2007).

Krueger GG, Langley RG, Leonardi C, Yeilding N, Guzzo C, Wang Y, Dooley LT, Lebwohl PH, Lebwohl M. 2007. A human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 356:580-592.

       Knothe (2006) uses a unique approach to citation analysis.   

        Knothe G. 2006. Comparative citation analysis of duplicate or highly related publications. JASIST. 57:1830-1839.

These additional examples of in-text references show how to treat special circumstances.

  • If the in-text citation is citing two works by the same author:

    (Olson 1992, 1998)

  • Citing two works by the same author in the same year:

    (Bradford 2001a, 2001b)

  • Citing two works published in the same year by different authors with the same last name:

    (Rhodes D 2000; Rhodes E 2000)

  • Citing a work with two authors:

    (McStay and Gordon 2007)

  • Citing a work with three or more authors:

    (Brown et al. 1999)

  • Citing authors that are corporations or organizations:

    (NIH 1988)       or     (National Institutes of Health 1988)

  • Citing a work with no author (use the first few words of the title and an ellipsis):

    (The spinal ...1975)

  • Citing an undated work:

    (Grassey [date unknown])

End references and Examples

End references & examples

  • Below are examples for formatting different kinds of materials as end references.
  • The numbers in each heading, such as 29.3.7, refer to sections within the CSE Manual, so, for additional explanation, go to the designated section of the Manual.

 Journal Articles

  •  Journal article -- print: 29.3.7.1

   with persons as authors

    Tripp S, London T, Spend DT. 2005. Greeting the protein. J Growth. 10(9):2022-2030.

    with organization as author

    [NIH] National Institutes of Health (US), Task Force on Trauma. 1996. Ending confusion. Trauma Care. 202(2):123-134.

    with more than 10 authors [include first 10 authors, followed by “et al.”]

    Malarta G, Tubbs K, Brighton E, Ballard D, Kali J, Franks BB, Ziegler B, Creighton V, Jenks Q, Peters D, et al. 2007. Investigating Pain. N Eng J Med. 45(1):62-78.  

  • Journal article on the internet: 29.3.7.13  

    Add the following elements to the journal citation:             ... the Internet designation [Internet],             ... revision dates of the content [updated 2007 Jan 12],             ... when the item was accessed [cited 2007 Feb 20], and             ... where the item can be found [Available from: ....].

     If a direct URL to the item is not available, give instructions to the item from the URL as in the Malarta citation below.

    examples:

    Tripp S, London T, Spend DT. 2005. Greeting the protein. J Growth [Internet]. [revised 2006 Dec 1; cited 2007 Feb 20]; 10(9):2022-2030. Available from: http://www.growth.com/2005109/tripp.htm     [NIH] National Institutes of Health (US), Task Force on Trauma. 1996. Ending confusion. Trauma Care [Internet]. [cited 2007 Feb 20]; 202(2):123-134. Available from: http://www.traumacare.com/reprints/1996/201/2/nihtft.htm     Malarta G, Tubbs K, Brighton E, Ballard D, Kali J, Franks BB, Ziegler B, Creighton V, Jenks Q, Peters D, et al. 2007. Investigating Pain. N Eng J Med [Internet]. [cited 2007 Feb 20]; 45(1):62-78. Available from: http://nejm.com/pubs/ after clicking on the Year link.  

  • Journal article in a library database: see NLM Internet Formats, p. 62 for additional information

  ...If a URL will lead directly to the article, use the URL in “Available from.”  When there is no direct URL to the item, use the database’s URL such as http://www.proquest.com or http://www.ebsco.com ...Add the document ID or document accession number after the “Available from” URL. ...For more information, see the National Library of Medicine Internet Formats Supplement: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/formats/internet.pdf

with authors

    Tripp S, London T, Spend DT. 2005. Greeting the protein. J Growth. 10(9):2022-2030. In: EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier [Internet]. Birmingham (AL): EBSCO Industries; [cited 2007 Feb 20].  Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23886517&site=ehost-live; Accession No.: 23886517.     [NIH] National Institutes of Health (US), Task Force on Trauma. 1996. Ending confusion. Trauma Care. 202(2):123-134. In: PubMed [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); [cited 2001 Apr 9]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed; PMID: 11286953.     Malarta G, Tubbs K, Brighton E, Ballard D, Kali J, Franks BB, Ziegler B, Creighton V, Jenks Q, Peters D, et al. 2007. Investigating Pain. N Eng J Med. 45(1):62-78. In: Proquest Research Library [Internet]. Ann Arbor (MI): Proquest-CSA; [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1174260951&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18865     &RQT=309&VName=PQD; Document ID: 1174260951.

with no author

    Are you poisoning your kid? A new study shows high levels of pesticides in children who don’t eat organic. 2003. Natural Health. 33(5):26. In:  Infotrac/Expanded Academic ASAP [Internet]. [place unknown]: The Gale Group, Inc.; [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://web1.infotrac.galegroup.com; Article No.: A104079955.  

Books  

  • Book -- print: 29.3.7.2

                  examples:

    Bennett G. 1962. Management of artificial lakes and ponds. New York (NY): Reinhold Publishing Corporation.     Dobie J, Moyle JB. 1962. Methods used for investigating productivity of fish-rearing ponds in Minnesota. [St Paul (MN)]: [publisher unknown].  

  • Book on the internet [See CSE Manual section 29.3.7.13 for e-books]
  • Book in a research database [Construct citation by locating information to cite it as if it were a print book; then add to it the additional information needed for Internet items found in section 29.3.7.13]
  • Parts of Books & Contributions to Books [See CSE Manual section 29.3.7.2.10 for parts of books. If item is online or in a research database, add the additional information needed for Internet items as found in section 29.3.7.13]

Definitions:

... When written or composed by the author or one of the authors of a book, the chapter, section, table, chart, graph, etc. is considered part of a book ... When written by someone other than the author or one of the authors, chapters, sections, tables, etc. are considered contributions to the book  

Parts of or contributions to books -- print

part of a book

    Cross TU, Rollins Q, Barnes G, editors. 2000. Dictionary of biological terms. 5th ed. Boston (MA): Dolin Publications. Antacid; p. 9.     Twindler M. 2002. Drawing conclusions. New York (NY): Brown Pubs. Chapter 12, Logical connections; p. 199-224.    

contribution to a book

Britt KA. 2006. Hormones. In: Kline E, Frick P, Camp D, editors. Encyclopedia of Science. Boston (MA: Dexter Pub. p. 198-200.  

Parts of or contributions to books -- Internet

   

Parts of or contributions to books -- in research database

  contribution examples

    O’Connor D. 2002 Aug 16. Stream pollution. In: Access science: the online encyclopedia of science & technology [Internet]. [place unknown]: McGraw-Hill; c2007; [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.accessscience.com    Hartley AM. 2002 Jan 8. Buffers (chemistry). In: Access science: the online encyclopedia of science & technology [Internet]. [place unknown]: McGraw-Hill; c2007; [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.accessscience.com; DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.098625.     Uretsky S. 2006. Antacids. In: Gale encyclopedia of medicine [Internet]. 3rd ed. Detroit (MI): Gale; [cited 2007 Feb 20]. p 231-233. Available from Gale Virtual Reference Library; http://find.galegroup.com/gvrl/start.do?prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=sdln_dsu; Document No.: CX3451600106.

  part example

    Access science: the online encyclopedia of science & technology [Internet]. c2007. [place unknown]: McGraw-Hill; [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Buffer; [about 1 paragraph]. Available from: http://www.accessscience.com  

Technical Reports

  •     example:

    Reilly MH. 1979. Equations of powered rocket ascent and orbit trajectory. Washington (DC): Naval Research Laboratory (US). Report No: 8237.

Homepages and Websites

    MedlinePLUS: Drugs and Supplements [Internet]. 2007. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US) and National Institutes of Health (US); [last updated 2007 Jan 31; cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html     PDRHealth [Internet]. c2006. [place unknown]: Thomson Healthcare; [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.pdrhealth.com/     Johnson Matthey Co -- calcium carbonate, 12365 -- 6810-00N084326. 1996 Mar 22. In: SIRI/MSDS Index [Internet]. [place unknown]: Vermont Safety Information Resources; [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://hazard.com/msds/f2/cgs/cgsrs.html  

  • Parts of or Contributions to Websites

   Definitions:

... When written or composed by the author or organization providing the website, it is considered a part ... When written by someone other than the author or organization providing the website, it is considered a contribution

  parts examples

    MedlinePLUS: Drugs and Supplements [Internet]. c2006. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US) and National Institutes of Health (US). Antacids (Oral); revised 1996 Jul 18 [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202047.html     PDRHealth [Internet]. c2006. [place unknown]: Thomson Healthcare. Rolaids; [date unknown] [cited 2007 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/otcdrugprofiles/drugs/fgotc216.shtml

  • Last Updated: Oct 2, 2023 4:17 PM
  • URL: https://library.dsu.edu/cse

CSE Quick Citation Guide

Cse citation style.

  • Format In-Text and End References
  • Format End References
  • In-Text Citations
  • Formatting End References

Scientific Style and Format presents three systems for referring to references (also known as citations) within the text of a journal article, book, or other scientific publication:

  • citation–sequence
  • name–year
  • citation–name 

These abbreviated references are called in-text references. They refer to a list of references at the end of the document.

  • Next: Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name >>
  • Last Updated: Mar 9, 2023 9:54 AM
  • URL: https://libguides.libraries.wsu.edu/csecitation

Library Logo

CSE Style Guide, for 7th Edition

  • Paper Formatting
  • Style Handbooks
  • Books / E-books
  • Journal/Magazine/Newspaper
  • Interviews / Personal Communications
  • Websites/Pages
  • Audiovisual Materials
  • Books / E-Books
  • Interviews / Personal Communication
  • Website / Webpage

Introduction

A note on citing materials found on a website: If you’re citing formal documentation (e.g. Word, PDF documents) found on a website, you should cite it like a book or journal article you found online (including all relevant publisher information and a URL). If you're citing a specific web page, include the title of the web page, along with the publication date, after the publisher information

Citations from website/page sources require some or all of the following elements:

  • Author (last name, first/middle initials).
  • Date of publication or last updated, preceded by 'c'.
  • Title of Website [Internet].
  • Place of publication (City (State initials)) and publisher name/organization.
  • Title of web page; publication date (if referencing a specific web page)
  • Update and/or Access date [updated year abbreviated month day; cited year abbreviated month day].
  • Estimate of material size (e.g number of screens, pages, file size) if citing single web page resource, in brackets.
  • Available from: URL.

Basic Layout

Author last name first/middle initials. c(year published). Title of website [Internet]. Publication city(state): Publisher/Organization. [updated year abbreviated month day; cited year abbreviated month day]. Available from: URL

APSnet: plant pathology online [Internet]. c1994-2005. St Paul (MN): American Phytopathological Association. [cited 2005 Jun 20]. Available from: http://www.apsnet.org/

Cleveland Clinic. c2006. The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): The Clinic; Smoking cessation; 2009 [cited 2010 Feb 8]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: http://www.clevelandclinic.org/services/smoking_cessation/hic_quitting_smoking.aspx UT Southwestern Medical Center [Internet]. 2005 Jun 14. Dallas (TX): University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Holographic movies show promise for medical, military applications. [cited 2005 Jun 26]. Available from: http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept37389/files/228328.html

  • << Previous: Interviews / Personal Communication
  • Next: Blogs >>
  • Last Updated: Jan 5, 2023 1:44 PM
  • URL: https://research.wou.edu/cse

Dalhousie Libraries - Research Guides Home

  • Dalhousie University Libraries

Citation Style Guide

  • CSE 8th Edition
  • APA 7th Edition
  • MLA 9th Edition
  • Chicago 17th Edition
  • Vancouver 2nd Edition

CSE Citation Style

Online guides, video tutorials.

  • McGill 9th Edition
  • Indigenous Citation Styles
  • Citing Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Citation management

Books on CSE Citation

cse citation website

The CSE style originated in the 1960s, when it was known as the Council of Biology Editors (CBE) style. It was intended to provide style and format guidelines for editors of peer-reviewed biology journals. Over the decades, its scope grew to include many fields of scientific research in both the life sciences and physical sciences. In 2000, the organization became known as the Council of Science Editors (CSE). The style then became known as the CSE style. 

In a reference list prepared in CSE style:

  • journal titles are abbreviated, but no periods are used in the abbreviation. (eg. J Exp Biol)
  • author initials (without periods) are used instead of the author’s given names
  • The last author name within a reference is connected to the others by a comma instead of using the word “and” or an ampersand (“&”).
  • references are formatted using a “hanging” indent.

CSE style allows you to select from one of three systems to cite sources:

  • Citation-Name: Uses superscript numerals to identify in-text citations. In the alphabetized reference list, each numeral corresponds with a unique reference.
  • Citation-Sequence: Uses superscript numerals to identify in-text citations. In the reference list, sources are numbered sequentially by the order in which they appear in the text (so they may not be in alphabetical order by author).
  • Name-Year: Uses parenthetical in-text citations that include author name and the year of publication. The reference list is ordered alphabetically by author name. 

In-text Citation with CSE

The Name-Year system is recommended by many professors in the Dalhousie Department of Biology, but if you're not sure which system to use, be sure to check.

Author's Last Name, Publication Year

(McToad  2010)

All of these pieces must match the corresponding reference list entry exactly!

Example in-text citations, from fictional authors and sources:

Research has shown that the demographic of the fly is a key determining factor in the robustness of its flavour (Frog 1998) .

You could also place part of the citation in the text as follows:

As mentioned in Frog's seminal article (1998) , the demographic of the fly is a key determining factor in the robustness of its flavour.

In this example, the author's name is mentioned in the text itself; therefore the name need not be repeated in the bracketed citation.

Each in-text citation must be associated with an item in a comprehensive list of references at the end of your paper.  Pay attention to your formatting when constructing your reference list. While CSE is not as particular as other citation styles, losing points on an assignment for poorly formatted citations is easily avoided. 

The References Page:

Documents using the CSE style of citation must contain a "References" page at the end of the text. The following are some examples of how to cite commonly used references:

Frog RA. 1998. Expert's guide to artisanal fly cuisine. 2nd ed. Halifax (NS): Imaginary Publishing Inc.

Book, journal and website titles are in sentence case!

Journal Article

Frog RA. 1997. The biology of delicious fly cuisine: enzymes and their mechanisms of actions. Eur J Biochem. 130:(4)435-445.

Journal names are abbreviated!

Ribbit TF. 1998. The life and legacy of Ribbit Frog: a culinary biography. New London (CT): Frog and Toad's Center for Special Collections and Archives; [accessed 2015 Aug 18] . http://www.frogtoadsc.org/Biography.aspx#.UE8foVF76So.

Make sure to include the date accessed!

  • Dalhousie CSE Citation Style Quickguide Downloadable PDF document containing more in-depth information on CSE citations and a variety of information resources.
  • CSE Citation Video Tutorial More in-depth exploration of how to cite a document using CSE Citation Style.
  • << Previous: Vancouver 2nd Edition
  • Next: McGill 9th Edition >>
  • Last Updated: Jul 27, 2023 9:56 AM
  • URL: https://dal.ca.libguides.com/CitationStyleGuide

Penn State University Libraries

Cse quick citation guide.

  • CSE Citation Systems
  • In Text References
  • N-Y System: Articles
  • N-Y System: Books & Websites
  • C-S and C-N System: Articles
  • C-S and C-N System: Books & Websites

Name-Year (N-Y) System In Text References

In-text references should immediately follow the title, word, or phrase to which they are directly relevant, rather than appearing at the end of long clauses or sentences. In-text references should always precede punctuation marks.

Name-Year (N-Y) system  (end references are listed in alphabetic order)

In text example : By contrast, the several antisera that have been raised against Sp1, a defined RNA polymerase II transcription factor (Kadonaga 1986), stain exclusively the nucleus...

Note : If you mention the author in the running text of your paper, include only the year in the parenthetical citation:

Example : This conclusion is supported by Rubin and Smith (1990), who found that...

Multiple authors :  If two authors, list both. For more than two authors, list the first author then et al.

Example : In the classic experiment (Gass and Varonis 1984) showed that....

Example : Recent research (Munro et al. 2006) has shown that...

No author : Use the title (for long titles use the first few words followed by an elipsis): 

Example : Top fields of study for international students are business and engineering, followed by physical and life sciences, math and computer science, and social sciences (Open Doors 2010).

No date : For online sources if the publication year cannot be determined use the year of access. For print sources use [date unknown]:

Example : Claims were made (Smith [date unknown]) with regards to...

CItation Sequence (C-S) and Citation Name (C-N) Systems In Text References

Citation-Sequence (C-S) System  (end references are listed in the order they are referred to in the text).

​ In text example : Modern scientific nomenclature really began with Linnaeus in botany 1 , but other disciplines 2,3  were not many years behind in developing various systems 4-7  for nomenclature and symbolization.

Citation-Name (C-N) System  (end references are listed in alphabetic order).

In text example : Modern scientific nomenclature really began with Linnaeus in botany 4 , but other disciplines 1,5  were not many years behind in developing various systems 2-3,6,10  for nomenclature and symbolization.

  • << Previous: CSE Citation Systems
  • Next: N-Y System: Articles >>
  • Last Updated: Aug 21, 2023 12:36 PM
  • URL: https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/CSE

IRSC Libraries Home

CSE Style Guide: Websites

  • Book with personal author(s)
  • Book with editor(s)
  • Book with organization as author
  • Book with no author
  • Portion of a book
  • Multi-volume works
  • Journal Article
  • Newspaper Article
  • Magazine Article
  • Technical Reports
  • Formatting Your Paper

Begin a citation to Internet material by first locating all of the information needed to cite it as if it were a print document. Most difficulties arise when citing something that is not a book or article.

Here are some general rules for citing portions of websites (webpages).

If the portion being referenced has no author other than the author of the website itself :

Begin the reference by citing the homepage. Give the title of the portion followed by a semicolon and space. Provide the dates of the portion (date of publication) followed by space and date of citation within square brackets. End date with semicolon and space followed by the extent and a period. The note follows with URL and DOI or other information. 

If an Internet document displays neither page numbers nor document numbers, the extent or length should be included (29.3.7.13.10).

Place the medium designator, [Internet], after the title of the book, the title of the journal, magazine or newspaper, or the title of the website.

  • << Previous: Magazine Article
  • Next: Media >>
  • Last Updated: Jan 23, 2024 10:55 AM
  • URL: https://irsc.libguides.com/CSE

cse citation website

cse citation website

Ask a Librarian

How can I help you today?

A live human is ready to help.

Towson University Logo

Find & Cite | Research Help | Collections | Services | About

  • Cook Library
  • Research Guides
  • Websites & Databases
  • Journal Articles
  • Books & Book Chapters
  • Conference Proceedings

Details to Note

Website with no author, social media post, online database.

  • Images & Videos
  • Miscellaneous

Cook Library has experienced librarians and library assistants ready to help, no matter where you are!

Text message: 410-774-1398

Phone: 410-704-2462

You can also:

  • Submit an email question
  • Contact your subject librarian for an appointment

A website citation consists of the author (if any) webpage title, edition, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, date of last update, date accessed, and a URL. A database citation consists of the database title, edition, place of publication, publisher, dates of operation, date of last update, date accessed, and URL. The CSE notes that most websites, especially homepages, do not list individual authors. If there is any doubt about attribution, use the "Website with No Author" format listed below.

Some of these citation elements are not readily available from all websites and databases. If you are unable to locate one of these items, omit that element from your citation.

Use the formats described on this page to cite a website or database only. For other electronic sources, consult the corresponding pages of this guide, which are linked on the left (eg: the citation format for an eBook is described on the "Books & Book Chapters" page). Some online sources such as videos and blog posts are included on the "Miscellaneous" page as well.

The order of elements in your citation will vary according to the in-text citation style you are using. Examples are listed on this page for both scenarios. For more information about in-text citations, refer the the  CSE Style Guide homepage .

Citation-Sequence or Citation-Name:

Author. Title of webpage. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date of publication [date updated; date accessed]. URL.

Lawrence RA. A review of the medical benefits and contraindications to breastfeeding in the United States. Arlington (VA): National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health (US); 1997 [accessed 2005 Jun 28]. 40 p. http://www.ncemch.org/pubs/PDFs/breastfeedingTIB.pdf.

Author. Date of publication. Title of webpage. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; [date updated; date accessed]. URL.

Lawrence RA. 1997. A review of the medical benefits and contraindications to breastfeeding in the United States. Arlington (VA): National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health (US); [accessed 2005 Jun 28]. 40 p. http://www.ncemch.org/pubs/PDFs/breastfeedingTIB.pdf.

Title of webpage. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date of publication [date updated; date accessed]. URL.

APSnet: plant pathology. St Paul (MN): American Phytopathological Association; c1994-2005 [accessed 2005 Jun 20]. http://www.apsnet.org/.

Title of webpage. Date of publication. Edition. Place of publication: publisher;  [date updated; date accessed]. URL.

APSnet: plant pathology. c1994-2005. St Paul (MN): American Phytopathological Association; [accessed 2005 Jun 20]. http://www.apsnet.org/.

Author's name. Title of post [descriptive word]. Title of blog. [accessed date]. URL.

Fogarty M. Formatting titles on Twitter and Facebook [blog]. Grammar Girl: Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing. [accessed 2012 Oct 19]. http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/formatting-titles-on-twitter-and-facebook.aspx.

Author's name. [accessed date]. Title of post [descriptive word]. Title of blog. URL.

Fogarty M. [accessed 2012 Oct 19]. Formatting titles on Twitter and Facebook [blog]. Grammar Girl: Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing. http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/formatting-titles-on-twitter-and-facebook.aspx.

Username or group/page name. Network name [descriptive word for page type, post type]. [accessed date]. URL.

Neil deGrasse Tyson. Facebook [fan page, shared link]. 2012 Sept 10, 7:47 a.m. [accessed 2012 Oct 24]. https://www.facebook.com/neildegrassetyson.

Username or group/page name. Date and time posted, if available. Network name [descriptive word for page type, post type]. Date and time posted, if available. [accessed date]. URL.

Neil deGrasse Tyson. 2012 Sept 10, 7:47 a.m. Facebook [fan page, shared link]. [accessed 2012 Oct 24]. https://www.facebook.com/neildegrassetyson.

Title of Database. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Beginning date-ending date [date updated; date accessed]. URL.

IMGT/HLA Sequence Database. Release 2.9.0. Cambridge (England): European Bioinformatics Institute. 2003- [updated 2005 Jun 1; accessed 2005 Jun 22]. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/.

Title of Database. Beginning date-ending date. Edition. Place of publication: publisher.  [date updated; date accessed]. URL.

IMGT/HLA Sequence Database. 2003-. Release 2.9.0. Cambridge (England): European Bioinformatics Institute. [updated 2005 Jun 1; accessed 2005 Jun 22]. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/.

  • << Previous: Conference Proceedings
  • Next: Images & Videos >>
  • Last Updated: Sep 16, 2022 4:19 PM
  • URL: https://towson.libguides.com/csestyle

CSE Citation-Sequence and CSE Citation-Name

In both CSE citation systems described here, numbers in a sentence refer to sources listed at the end of the document. These two systems differ only in how sources are numbered in the reference list: sequentially (citation-sequence) or alphabetically by author’s name (citation-name).

In-text references

Format in-text references.

The style advocated by CSE suggests that numbers appear in superscript, and appear before punctuation marks (commas or periods).

Example from The CSE Manual:

Traumatic life events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are endemic among American civilians 1.

However, many scientific journals format these numbers differently, using square brackets or parentheses, or putting superscript numbers after the period.

Example from Communicative & Integrative Biology (2011) :

The most fundamental specialization of the eusocial insects is the division of colony members into two castes, workers (functionally sterile individuals) and reproductives.1

Example from Current Opinion in Cell Biology (2012):

The classical cadherin system connects cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton via b-catenin and a-catenin to maintain tissue integrity in metazoans [1].

Example from mBio (2012) :

Although xylem is considered a nutrient-limiting, low-oxygen environment (1), R. solanacearum is well adapted to it, growing to cell densities of 108 to 109 CFU/g stem while still remaining limited to xylem (2).

For consistency, the examples that follow have been reformatted to match CSE’s preferred style (superscripted numerals before punctuation).

Number in-text references

  • In the citation-sequence system, sources are numbered by order of reference so that the first reference cited in the paper is 1, the second 2, and so on.
  • In citation-name, the sources are numbered alphabetically so that 1 refers to the first source in an alphabetical list, 2 refers to the second source in that list, and so on.

When possible, put numbers immediately after the relevant word or phrase rather than at the end of a sentence.

Cite multiple sources in one sentence

If the numbers are not in a continuous sequence, use commas (with no spaces) between numbers. If you have more than two numbers in a continuous sequence, use the first and last number of the sequence joined by a hyphen.

Example from A new model for caste development in social wasps by UW-Madison Professor Robert Jeanne (Entomology) and postdoc Sainath Suryanarayanan (Community and Environmental Sociology):

For the non-dimorphic polistines such as Polistes, Ropalidia and others, the long-standing view is that differences in the quantity of nourishment received during the larval stage act as a “nutritional switch” to bias development toward one caste or the other 7,8,11-14.

Example from Cadherin complexity: recent insights into cadherin superfamily function in C. elegans by UW-Madison graduate student Timothy Loveless (Cellular and Molecular Biology) and Professor Jeff Hardin (Zoology):

Basolateral foci of HMP-1 and DLG-1 accumulate despite unperturbed localization of LET-413/Scribble 19, which normally excludes AJ components from basolateral surfaces 23,24.

Cite one source in multiple sentences

Once you have assigned a source a number, use that same number every time you cite it.

Example from Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Synthesized with Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization by UW-Madison Biochemistry postdoc Matthew J. Allen and Professors Ronald J. Raines and Laura L. Kiessling:

Moreover, the use of ROMP is advantageous because it can yield polymers of well-defined length 6. To synthesize the target polymers 8a and 8b we employed the ruthenium initiator (H2IMes)(3-Br-py)2(Cl)2RudCHPh. Its rate of initiation relative to propagation affords polymers of well-defined average lengths 6,8.

Example from The Role of Secretion Systems and Small Molecules in Soft-Rot Enterobacteriaceae Pathogenicity by UW-Madison Professor Amy Charkowski (Plant Pathology) et al.

Once associated with an insect, some isolates of Pectobacterium carotovorum can infect and persist in D. melanogaster and activate an immune response 8,9. The protein Evf (Erwinia virulence factor), present only in insect-associated strains, promotes the persistence of bacteria in the insect midgut. Evf synthesis is regulated by SlyA (Hor), which also regulates plant virulence genes 1,9.

Cite sources in tables and figures

Avoid using superscripted numerals in figures where they might be misconstrued as exponents. Instead, use superscripted letters like a,b for tables and figures. List them sequentially after all the text citations.

Quote or excerpt a source

Although CSE provides rules for how to quote or excerpt sources, in practice almost no scientists publishing in journals that use CSE documentation choose to quote sources. Instead, these authors paraphrase or simply cite authors.

When you quote or excerpt a source, include an in-text reference to help your reader see what source you are quoting from. The seventh edition of the CSE Manual does not provide specific rules for identifying the page number or other location information for that source.

Cite a work cited by your source (secondary citation)

Secondary citations refer to material that you have not seen in its original form but rather have obtained from another document that cited the original source. In the 2006 edition of the CSE Manual, secondary citations are not listed as a valid form of citation. Instead, find and cite the original source.

End references and the reference list

The goal of your reference list is to help your reader identify each numbered source quickly and clearly. CSE has standardized the information to be provided for ease and predictability of reading.

What to call your reference list

“Reference list” is CSE’s generic term for the list of sources at the end of your document. Your list should be given a more formal title: References or Cited References . If you used some documents as sources but did not cite them in your paper, list them alphabetically by author under the heading Additional References.

Format your end references

Otegui MS, Kiessling LL, Batzli J.
The fat-soluble vitamins: handbook of lipid research 2.
In vitro and in vivo reconstitution of the cadherin-catenin-actin complex from Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010 Aug 17;107(33):14591-6.
Livestock Prod Sci. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. J Dairy Sci.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2012;50:425-49. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2011 Jul;24(7):773-86.

Examples of end references

References for books follow the order Author(s). Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date. Extent.

1 Allen C, Prior P, Hayward AC. Bacterial wilt: the disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. St. Paul (MN): APS Press; 2005. 508 p.

[A book’s extent in number of pages (“508 p.” in the example above) is optional but provides useful information.]

Book chapter

References for chapters or other parts of a book follow the order Author(s). Chapter title. In: Editor(s). Book title. Place of publication: publisher; year. Page numbers for that chapter.

2 Otegui MS. Endosperm: development and molecular biology. In: Olson OA, editor. Endosperm cell walls: formation, composition, and functions. Heidelberg (Germany): Springer-Verlag; 2007. p. 159-178. 3 Allen, C. Bacteria, bioterrorism, and the geranium ladies of Guatemala. In: Cabezas AL, Reese E, Waller M, editors. Wages of empire: neoliberal policies, repression, and women’s poverty. Boulder (CO): Paradigm Press; 2007. p. 169-177.

Journal article

References for journal articles follow the order Author(s). Article title. Abbreviated journal title. Date;volume(issue):pages.

To save space, CSE suggests that writers abbreviate the titles of journals in according to the ISO 4 standard, which you can read about at ISSN . You can also search ISSN’s List of Title Word Abbreviations.

4 Wang Y, Zhu J, DeLuca HF. Where is the vitamin D receptor? Arch Biochem Biophys. 2012 Jul 1;523(1):123-33. 5 Powell JM, Wattiaux MA, Broderick GA. Evaluation of milk urea nitrogen as a management tool to reduce ammonia emissions from dairy farms. J Dairy Sci. 2011;94(9):4690-4694 6 Flores-Cruz Z, Allen C. Necessity of OxyR for the hydrogen peroxide stress response and full virulence in Ralstonia solanacearum. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011;77(18):6426-6432.

Reference list information for articles found online adds a medium designator—[Internet], including the brackets—at the end of the title of the journal, as well as a citation date and a URL. The CSE Manual does not explicitly require this information if the online content is identical to the print content.

7 Werling BP, Lowenstein DM, Straub CS, Gratton C. Multi-predator effects produced by functionally distinct species vary with prey density. J Insect Sci [Internet]. 2012 [cited 12 Sep 2013]; 12(30). Available from: insectscience.org/12.30 8 Bennett AB, Gratton C. Floral diversity increases beneficial arthropod richness and decreases variability in arthropod community composition. Ecol Appl [Internet]. 2013 [cited 12 Sep 2013];23(1):86-95. Available from: http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/gratton/files/2013/03/Ecological-Applications.pdf

Internet resource

9 Williamson RC. Deciduous tree galls [Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2004 Apr 25 [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/pddc/files/Fact_Sheets/FC_PDF/Deciduous_Tree_Galls.pdf 10 ASAP: systematic annotation package for community analysis of genomes [Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin-Madison; c2013 [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from http://www.genome.wisc.edu/tools/asap.htm 11 Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee. University of Wisconsin-Madison policy for multisite research studies using human pluripotent stem cells [Internet]. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2009 [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from http://www.grad.wisc.edu/admin/committees/scro/documents/MultisiteresearchpolicyFinal.pdf

Government document

12 Working Group on Diversity in the Biomedical Research Workforce (US). Draft report diversity in the biomedical research workforce [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2012 Jun 13 [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from http://acd.od.nih.gov/Diversity%20in%20the%20Biomedical%20Research%20Workforce%20Report.pdf

Dissertation

13 Oliver SS. Context dependent protein interpretation of the histone language [dissertation]. University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2012. 238 p.

Conference presentation or lecture

If a conference paper is subsequently published, either in the proceedings of the conference or in a journal, cite as a chapter in a book or as an article in a journal. Otherwise, cite as follows.

14 Vierstra R. Atomic perspectives on phytochrome photoactivation and signaling. Paper presented at: Steenbock 35. Proceedings of the 35th Steenbock Symposium on Advances in Biomolecular NMR; 2011 June 26-28; Madison, WI.

References for this page

Formatted in Citation-Name style. All examples on this page are taken from publications by UW-Madison professors, postdocs, and graduate students. Note that CSE doesn’t call for hyperlinks.

1 Allen C, Bent A, Charkowski AO. Underexplored niches in research on plant pathogenic bacteria . Plant Physiol [Internet]. [Cited 20 June 2013.] 2009;150(4):1631-1637. Available from http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/150/4/1631.full 2 Bennett AB, Gratton C. Measuring natural pest suppression at different spatial scales affects the importance of local variables . Environ Entomol. 2012;41(5):1077-85. 3 Bennett AB, Gratton C. Floral diversity increases beneficial arthropod richness and decreases variability in arthropod community composition. Ecol Appl. 2013;23(1):86-95. 4 Charkowski A, Blanco C, Condemine G, Expert D, Franza T, Hayes C, Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat N, Lopez Solanilla E, Low D, Moleleki L, et al. The role of secretion systems and small molecules in soft-rot enterobacteriaceae pathogenicity . Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2012;50:425-49. 5 Dreyer J, Hoekman D, Gratton C. Lake-derived midges increase abundance of shoreline terrestrial arthropods via multiple trophic pathways. Oikos [Internet]. [Cited 20 June 2013.] 2012;121:252-258. Available from http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/gratton/files/2012/04/Dreyer-et-al.-2012-Lake%E2%80%90derived-midges-increase-abundance-of-shorelin.pdf 6 Gratton C, Vander Zanden MJ. Flux of aquatic insect productivity to land: comparison of lentic and lotic ecosystems . Ecology 2009;90(10):2689-2699. 7 Lyon A, Bell MM, Croll NS, Jackson R, Gratton C. Maculate conceptions: power, process, and creativity in participatory research . Rural Sociology [Internet]. 2010 [cited 20 Jun 2013];75(4):538-559. Available from http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/gratton/files/2012/01/Lyons-et-al-2010-Rural-Soc-Maculate-conceptions.pdf 8 Lyon A, Bell MM, Gratton C, Jackson R. Farming without a recipe: Wisconsin graziers and new directions for agricultural science. J Rural St [Internet]. 2011 [cited 20 June 2013];27:384-393. Available from http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/gratton/files/2012/01/Lyon_Farmingworecipe2011.pdf 9 Mattupalli C, Genger RK, Charkowski AO. Evaluating incidence of Helminthosporium solani and Colletotrichum coccodes on asymptomatic organic potatoes and screening potato lines for resistance to silver scurf . Am J Potato Res [Internet]. 2013 [cited 20 June 2013]. Available from http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12230-013-9314-3.pdf 10 Thomas DL. Utilization and potential of estimates of genetic value from an industry perspective. Sheep & Goat [Internet]. 2012;27:13-15. Available from http://www.sheepusa.org/user_files/file_1014.pdf 11 Wang Y, DeLuca HF. Is the vitamin d receptor found in muscle? Endocrinology. 2011;152(2):354-63. 12 Wang Y, Borchert ML, Deluca HF. Identification of the vitamin D receptor in various cells of the mouse kidney . Kidney Int. 2012;81(10):993-1001. 13 Wang Y, Marling SJ, Zhu JG, Severson KS, DeLuca HF. Development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice requires vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 29;109(22):8501-4. 14 Wang Y, Zhu J, DeLuca HF. Where is the vitamin D receptor? Arch Biochem Biophys. 2012;523(1):123-33.

cse citation website

Council of Science Editors Documentation

This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels.

CSE Table of Contents

Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name

Citation Guides: CSE Citations

  • APA Citations: 7th Edition
  • MLA Citations
  • Chicago Manual of Style
  • CSE Citations
  • ASA Citations
  • AMA Citations
  • Legal Citations
  • Help & Feedback

Get Help Online

Scientific Style and Format 8th Edition

Official CSE Website for Scientific Style and Format

Click the image above to view very basic guidelines for how to cite journals, books, websites, and more on the CSE website.

Plagiarism Resources

  • Best Practices to Avoid Plagiarism (Purdue OWL) There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts. This resource offers advice on how to avoid plagiarism in your work.
  • Plagiarism.org Short overview of plagiarism, including how and when you must cite sources,"Ask the Expert" space for Q&A, and other plagiarism resources including webcasts, tools, facts and stats, student materials, and news.

Available at Helena College Library

cse citation website

Organize Your Research

How to use this database

  • Zotero A free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, cite, and share your research sources.

Citation Basics

Following a specific style for your citations is makes it very clear when you are citing outside information AND helps the reader find your sources easily.

There are three systems for citing sources according to Scientific Style and Format, 8th Edition. This guide will focus on the name-year format . For help with the citation-sequence or citation-name systems, consult the books or websites linked on this guide.

Name-Year Format

For the name-year format, each source is cited in the text with the author's last name and the year of publication ( in-text citation ) . The references list lists all of the sources used, in alphabetical order by the author's last name. The goal of the in-text citation is to point the reader to the full citation in the list of references, so they should match .

In-Text Citations

  • Two Authors
  • Three or More Authors

Organization as Author

Every time you quote, paraphrase, or summarize information from an outside source, you must provide an in-text citation. It points your reader to the source's full citation in your list of references at the end of your paper.

For any type of resource (article, book, website, etc), a basic in-text citation includes the author's name and the publication year (example: Kean 2013). 

When directly quoting a source or paraphrasing a specific passage, you also include a page number (example: Kean 2013, p. 26). 

  • You can put the name and year in parentheses at the end of the information:

Wolves may play a role in restoring alder tree populations (Ripple et al. 2015).

  • Or you can use the author's name in the text, also called a signal phrase, with the year in parentheses right after the authors' names:

Ripple et al. (2015) found that wolves may place a role in restoring alder tree populations.

Remember, the name you use in your in-text citation should match the name you use in your full citation in the list of references!

For one author, include the author's last name, year of publication, and the page number for a direct quote or information from a specific part of a source.

For a work by two authors, use the word "and" between the authors' names.

For three or more authors, include only the first author's last name, followed by "et al."

When you cannot find a person's name as an author, try to identify the organization responsible for the page. This is especially common for government websites, such as the National Park Service or the CDC . When you do the in-text citation, use a common abbreviation, or the first letters of each word.

About HIV/AIDS from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

When you cannot identify a person or organization as an author, use the first word (or few words) of the title, followed by an ellipsis (...). Use only as many words as necessary to distinguish it from another source.

Look carefully at the work to find any date of publication, copyright, or update. If no date can be found, use "[date unknown]" in your in-text citation.

  • Article from a Database

The list of references is a list of all of the resources you used in your research paper or assignment, organized alphabetically by author .

The list is double-spaced with a hanging indent , meaning that, for a citation on more than one line, each line after the first is indented 1/4" from the left margin. Here's how:

  • Find the paragraph settings. In Word, you'll click the little icon in the lower right corner of the "Paragraph" section of the main toolbar.
  • Choose the indentation style of hanging, and set it to 1/4". 

Screenshot of how to create a hanging indent in Word.

The first part of your in-text citation (almost always the author) should match the first part of your full citation in the list of references.

There are guidelines for how to cite different numbers and types of authors, and how to cite different formats of information (article, book, website, etc.). You will have to combine these guidelines for each citation.

Use the author's last name, followed by first and middle initials.

Two to Ten Authors

List all authors. For each, use the author's last name, followed by first and middle initials.

Ripple WJ, Beschta RL, Painter LE.

More than Ten Authors

List the first ten authors, followed by "et al."

George, MA, Dubbe, D, Pate, JP, Murphy, J, Twardos, M, Crohn, K, Henry, R, Hartman, J, Hickox, CE, Bisom, T, et al.

List the abbreviation you used in your in-text citation in brackets, followed by the full name of the organization. For national organizations, such as federal government agencies, include (US) after the name of the organization.

[CDC] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US).

If you cannot find any indication of an individual or organization as the author, begin the citation with the title of the work.

Handbook of Knitting with Cat Hair.

The basic citation for an article from a database is shown below. Refer to the guides we've shared for any different situation , such as a different number of authors. Pay attention to punctuation and capitalization.

Journal titles are usually abbreviated according to a standard system. You can use the PubMed Catalog of Journals to look up an abbreviation.

Color coded template for an article from a database. See template and example in plain text below.

Click the image to view the article in ScienceDirect

Color-coded version of citation provided above for an article from a database. See template and example in plain text below.

Template and Example in Plain Text

Citing a web page (or a short work from a website) can be tricky. Look carefully for the name of an author, or use the organization as the author, especially with government websites, if you cannot find a name. Abbreviate the organization the same way you did for the in-text citation and spell out the name of the organization. The organization is usually the same for the publisher, but sometimes there is a larger organization. To find the place of publication, you may need to find the "About Us" or "Contact Us" link to find where the company is located.

Color-coded template for a website in CSE style. See template and example in plain text below.

Click the image to visit the Bull trout page on the US Fish Wildlife & Parks Service website.

Color-coded citation for the website. See template and example in plain text below.

Find the majority of the information you need to cite a book on the backside of the title page, also called the verso. You can use the title page, but the information on the verso is more specific and accurate.

See template and example in plain text below.

Click to view the record for the book, The Disappearing Spoon , in OneSearch. Use the Details tab to find the information for the citation.

See template and example in plain text below.

Format Your Paper

  • Body of Paper
  • Reference List
  • Sample CSE Paper Download a sample CSE paper in Microsoft Word if you are having trouble viewing the images in this section.
  • << Previous: Chicago Manual of Style
  • Next: ASA Citations >>
  • Last Updated: Feb 5, 2024 4:05 PM
  • URL: https://helenacollege.libguides.com/citations

Banner

  • Thompson Rivers University Library
  • Research Guides

CSE Citation Style Guide

A. basic web page.

  • Home: CSE Citation Style Guide
  • General Style Guidelines
  • a. Basic Book
  • b. Two to Ten Authors
  • c. More Than Ten Authors
  • d. Corporate Author
  • e. No Author
  • f. Edited Book
  • g. Chapter in an Edited Book
  • h. Encyclopedia Article
  • i. Multi-Volume Work
  • a. Basic Journal Article
  • d. Online Article with DOI
  • e. Online Article with No DOI
  • f. "Online Only" Journal Article
  • g. Magazine Article
  • h. Newspaper Article
  • b. Personal Author
  • c. Corporate Author
  • a. Motion Pictures
  • b. Online Video Clips
  • a. Published Conference Proceedings
  • b. Conference Papers
  • c. Government Documents / Technical Reports
  • d. Dissertations and Theses
  • e. Lab Reports or Handouts
  • g. Personal Communcations
  • h. Online Images or Infographics

PDRHealth. 2010. Montvale (NJ): PDRHealth; [accessed 2019 Jan 24]. http://www.pdrhealth.com/.

Penguin. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; [updated 2016 Mar 30; accessed 2016 Mar 31].  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin.

  • << Previous: Websites
  • Next: b. Personal Author >>
  • Last Updated: Jan 29, 2024 7:43 AM
  • URL: https://libguides.tru.ca/cse

MERRIMACK COLLEGE MCQUADE LIBRARY

How to cite sources.

  • MLA (8th Edition)
  • APA (7th edition)
  • Chicago (CMS)

Scientific Style and Format

Cse format basics, references examples, scientific writing.

  • Citation Tools
  • Writing Help

Online Help

The current 7th edition of the Council of Science Editors' (CSE) Scientific Style and Format book was published in 2006.  Prior to 2000, this citation style was known as CBE (Council of Biology Editors) .  Be sure to always use the most current edition, or the one preferred by your course instructor.

The CSE Scientific Style offers three main styles of formatting in-text citations:

  • Citation-sequence system
  • Citation-name system
  • Name-year system

See the manual for details of the advantages and disadvantages of each system, and how reference lists are formatted for each system.

  • CSE (CBE) Citation Guide From Ohio State University Libraries - Examples of citations and formatting.
  • Reference Links from the CSE Additional information and resources for researchers in the sciences. An online version of the text is NOT available from this website.
  • Documenting Sources - CSE Style Diana Hacker provides an explanation of MLA style with instructions and examples on how to create in-text citations and reference lists, in addition to providing sample papers.

CSE(Council of Science Editors) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources in the sciences, including Biology

In addition to the examples to the left, see these sections of the Scientific Style and Format guide for how to cite other sources in CSE style:

  • Maps (Section 29.3.7.9, pg. 545-7)
  • Audiovisuals (Section 29.3.7.11, pg. 548-52)
  • Personal Communications (Section 29.3.7.15.3, pg. 568)
  • Legal Materials (Section 29.3.7.10, pg. 547)

For a more detailed explanation of how to use CSE style, see the Scientific Style and Format text.

Based on CSE Scientific Style and Format, 7th Edition, 2006

*Use one of the following headings:

"References" "Cited References" "Literature Cited" "Bibliography"

Citation-sequence and citation-name styles

Name-year style.

cse citation website

  • << Previous: ASA
  • Next: ACS >>
  • Last Updated: Jan 25, 2024 3:09 PM
  • URL: https://libguides.merrimack.edu/citing_sources

Banner

Citation Styles

  • Get Started

CSE Citation-Name Style

Reference style for books, journals, websites, & images, notes on using cse citation-name style.

  • CSE- Name Year
  • Specialized Citations

CSE has three citation styles, in CSE  Citation-Name references are listed alphabetically and then numbered in your reference list. When citing references in the text of your project or paper you will refer to them by number.  Use the appropriate reference number in superscript after the information you are citing.

CSE style uses a reference list, not a bibliography, which means that you only list items you cite in your project or paper. There must be agreement between the sources cited in your work and the sources listed in the references section.

  • Citing Books
  • Citing Journals
  • Citing Webpages
  • Citing Images

This video will lead you through finding the elements to appropriately cite a book in CSE Citation-Name style. (4:36min)

Book Citation Examples:

Chapter of a book:.

Template:  Author(s). Title. Edition. Publisher location: Publisher; Year. Extent*.  Notes**.

8. Honigsbaum M. The fever trail: in search of the cure for malaria. New York (NY): Picador; 2003. Chapter 2, The cure; p.19-38.

Chapter of an edited book, where each chapter has its own author:

Template:  Author(s) Chapter title.  In:   Editors(s),  editors . Title. Publisher location: Publisher; Year. Extent*.  Notes**.

9. Gillaspy AF, Landolo JJ. Staphylococcus. In: Schaechter M, editor. Encyclopedia of microbiology. 3rd ed. Boston (MA): Elsevier/Academic Press; 2009. Vol. 2, p. 293-303.

10. Tramont EC.  Treponema pallidum  (syphilis). In: Mandell GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practices of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2010. p. 3035-3053.

NOTE: Even though this second source has two volumes, many sections, and chapters, these do not have to be listed as part of the  extent  because this source has continuous pagination (i.e.. volume 2 starts with page 1907). One can find the appropriate chapter in the multi-volume set just by knowing the page range.

For electronic books, add the cited date in brackets after the publication date.  Also add the URL or DOI to the notes section (end of the reference):

Authored book template:  Author(s) or Editor(s). Title . Edition. Publisher location: Publisher; Year [cited date] . Extent*.  Notes**.

2. Kimberlin DW, Long SS, Pickering LK, Baker CJ, American Academy of Pediatrics, editors. Red book: 2012 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Elk Grove Village (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012 [cited 2014 May 2]. Pertussis (whooping cough); p. 553-556. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip&db=nlebk&AN=567191&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_553

Edited book template:  Author(s) Chapter title.  In:   Editors(s),  editors . Title. Publisher location: Publisher; Year [cited date] . Extent*.  Notes**.

1. Aldridge S. Malaria. In: Lerner BW, Lerner KL, editors. Infectious diseases: in context. Detroit (MI): Gale; 2008 [cited 2010 May 5]. p. 515-522. Available from: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|1RIG&v=2.1&u=seattlepu&it=aboutBook&p=GVRL&sw=w

NOTE: URL is given in the  notes  section for online resources, starting with Available from:

*Extent is the part of the book you are referencing: volume, chapter, chapter title, page numbers for the full chapter. Some eBooks do not have page numbers, in that case just omit them, and put a period after previous element (either chapter title or cited date brackets). **There are not usually notes in a print book, but for online books this is where you put the URL or DOI.

This video will lead you through finding the elements to appropriately cite a journal article in CSE Citation-Name style. (3:46min)

Journal Citation Examples:

Print Journal Template:  Author(s). Article Title. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year;volume(issue):page numbers. Notes*.

1. Mahmud K, Vance ML. Human growth hormone and aging. New Engl J Med. 2003;348(2):2256-2257.

3. Smith EW, Vance ML, Bartel D, Joy E, Janus J, Qui W, Pa J, Hobbes C, Cant G, Kant W, and others. Avian flu in China. New Engl J Med. 2005;372:2275-2282.

Online Journal Template:  Author(s). Article Title. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year [cited date] ;volume(issue):page numbers or electronic record number. Notes*.

2. Martins KAO, Steffens JT, van Tongeren SA, Wells JB, Bergeron AA, Dickson SP, Dye JM, Salazar AM, Bavari S. Toll-like receptor agonist augments virus-like particle-mediated protection from Ebola virus with transient immune activation. PLoS One. 2014 Feb [cited 2014 Apr 18];9(2):e89735. Available from: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0089735. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089735

*If you have a URL or DOI, please include it at the end of your citation. If you have a DOI for your article (print or online), please include it at the end of your citation in the following format: doi:10.1007/s10344-014-0825-0

Journal titles must be abbreviated using NLM format.

To search for the official an abbreviation by journal name consult:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals   (please note - one word journal titles are not abbreviated, for example the for the journal Nature, the title would still be Nature)

This video will lead you through finding the elements to appropriately cite a website in CSE Citation-Name style. (5min)

Webpage Citation Examples:

Template:  Author(s). Page title. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year [updated date; cited date]. Notes*.

1. Pertussis: practice essentials. New York (NY): WebMD LLC; c2014 [updated 2014 Jan 31; cited 2014 Apr 26]. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967268-overview

2. Plague: ecology and transmission. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); [updated 2012 Jun 13; cited 2014 Apr 26]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/plague/transmission/index.html

NOTES: All website references must include a date, location, and publisher name -  if you cannot find this information you should say [date unknown], [place unknown], or [publisher unknown] as appropriate. Do some searching - e.g. check  about us  section - before determining that these items are truly unknown.  (exception: Government website reference do not include the date (e.g. c2014) and this element can be omitted without noting [date unknown])

All other elements of the reference - e.g. author or updated date - are optional, simply omit if you cannot determine them.

*the URL is given in the  notes  section for webpages, starting with Available from:

Project images do not have an entry in the reference list.  Instead give the full reference as part of the image description (see example below). This means that sources used only for their images should not be included in the references section of your project.  

Use the appropriate CSE reference format for where your found your image: For example, if you are taking the image from a book, it will have a CSE book format reference, while an image from a journal article will use the journal reference format.  In the example below, the image source has a website citation format because the image was found on a webpage.

Each image should have a title above the image, and the description beneath the image. The image description must include a full CSE citation unless:

  • the image comes from a source that is also used in the text of your project AND THEN is also used for an image. In this case, you may give the appropriate superscript number at the end of the image title and omit the reference from the image description.
  • the image is your intellectual property, e.g. your own drawing or photograph, then simply say, "Source: Author" after the image description.
  • the image is part of the poster background AND is either free clip art or your intellectual property (e.g. you drew it yourself), then no reference is needed (title and description may also be omitted).

Example of an image found on a webpage, note title above image and description (including CSE website reference) below image:

In CSE  Citation-Name format references are listed alphabetically and then the reference list is numbered. When citing in the text of your document, you will refer to them by number.  Use the appropriate reference number in superscript within or at the end of a paragraph or bulleted line. 

CSE style uses a reference list, not a bibliography, which means that you only list items cited in your poster. There must be agreement between the sources cited in your work and the sources listed in the reference section.

Special notes about in-text citations and creating CSE references:  

In-text citations:

  • The in-text citation should be put as close as possible to information it is referring to and within the period, for example: "...the cinder ballast of the railroad track 1 and to sterile strips of land along highways 2 ."
  • If a section of bulleted lines all pertain to the same source, then introduce the list with a superscripted phrase such as, “according to Smith there are four factors: 1 ” then present the list.
  • Place the superscript number at the end of the caption when citing all graphs, pictures or illustrations from sources that are also used in the text of your paper.  (If your image is from a source not also used in the text of your paper, simply cite your source directly under the image.)
  • There is no need to use citations in your Abstract unless you are quoting a source. But, in the rest of the poster, whenever you have stated some fact or figure, particular thought or quote that came from a source you consulted, you must cite the publication in the text or at the end of a bulleted statement or bulleted section.

Reference List:

  • Website and book references should include date, location, and publisher name – if you cannot find this information you should say [date unknown], [place unknown], or [publisher unknown] as appropriate.
  • Journal titles are abbreviated. Consult:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7251/ to identify how specific words are abbreviated. To search for an abbreviation by journal name consult:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals
  • When there are 2 to 10 authors, all should be named, including the 10 th author in a reference; if there are more than 10 authors, the 1 st to 10 th  are listed, followed by “and others”.  For example:

12. Smith EW, Vance ML, Bartel D, Joy E, Janus J, Qui W, Pa J, Hobbes C, Cant G, Kant W, and others. Avian flu in China. N Engl J Med. 2005; 372: 2275-82.

  • << Previous: Chicago
  • Next: CSE- Name Year >>
  • Last Updated: Jan 9, 2024 1:06 PM
  • URL: https://spu.libguides.com/citations

Bates College

CSE Citation Style

  • In-Text Citations
  • Bibliography
  • Web Sources
  • Theses and Dissertations
  • Images, Photos, & Artworks
  • Sound Recordings
  • Chicago Notes & Bibliography

Citing/Documenting Images

  • Images in Books and Journal Articles
  • Online Images

Citing Parts of Books in CSE Bibliographies

(CSE 8th; 29.3.7.2.10)

When citing content from longer sources (like books), it is often more valuable to cite a specific part (rather than all) of the of the work.

Book chapters or sections, tables, charts, graphs, photographs and appendices are all examples of parts of books that are useful. Book parts that are created by someone other than the author(s) of the book are considered contributions, and are cited differently.

Authors names are provided in the order they appear in the publication cited. For publications with 10 or fewer authors, all are listed in the citation. Any authors listed after the 10th are represented with "et al".

Book Parts :

Author(s). Date. Book title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Part number. Part Title; Page range. Notes.

Kemmerer DL. 2015. Cognitive neuroscience of language. 1st ed. New York (NY): Psychology Press. Chapter 8. Reading and Writing; p.215-245. ISBN: 9781848726215.

Kemmerer DL. 2015. Cognitive neuroscience of language. 1st ed. New York (NY): Psychology Press. Figure 8.3. The retina stringently filters what we read; p. 217. ISBN: 9781848726215.

Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name:

Citation Number. Author(s). Book title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date. Part number. Part Title Page range. Notes.

1. Kemmerer DL. Cognitive neuroscience of language. 1st ed. New York (NY): Psychology Press; 2015. Chapter 8. Reading and Writing; p.215-245. ISBN: 9781848726215.

2. Kemmerer DL. Cognitive neuroscience of language. 1st ed. New York (NY): Psychology Press; 2015. Figure 8.3. The retina stringently filters what we read; p. 217. ISBN: 9781848726215.

Online Images in CSE Bibliographies

(CSE 8th; 29.3.7.13)

Bibliography citations for websites and online documents are all formatted using the basic elements found in print documents (e.g author, title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, and extent). However, for some web sources these elements must be expanded or supplemented with additional information.

Required citation elements include author(s), publication date, title, place of publication, publisher and URL . It is acknowledged that not all required citation elements are present for some web sources and, if absent, these obviously can not be included in the citation. However, this should probably bring into question the validity and/or authority of the source.

If an organization appears to serve as an  author , list the organization as the author.  However if no author is apparent, do not provide one in the citation.  Do not use the word "anonymous".

If a website title is not obvious, construct one use the first series of words on the screen.

Examples of citation elements that supplement those found in citations for print sources include dates and digital identifiers .

In addition to original publication dates , citations for web sources should also include the most recent revision date and the accession date of the material.

Optional citation elements include the extent (i.e. number of pages or screens; see CSE 8th; 29.3.7.13.9) as well as notes ( Internet URL's  and  digital object identifiers (doi's),  indication of language other than English).

Artist's name. Title (descriptive word). City (ST): Publisher or Producer; [Date accessed]. Notes. URL.

McKean D. Sphinx (painting). Kent (England): Dave McKean; [accessed 2016 Jun 17]. ISBN: 9781848726215.​ http://www.davemckean.com/wp-content/gallery/painting/SPHINX_painting.JPG.

Marshall JA. Earhart climbing out of the cockpit of her plane (gelatin silver print). New York (NY): ARTstor; [accessed 2016 Jul 6]. Located in: Schlesinger History of Women in America Collection; Photograph Number PC-29-1-1. http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?fs=true&id=4iFLcDwwJloxLyk7eDFwQA%3D%3D&userId=hDRGez0n&zoomparams=.

Citation Number. Artist's name. Title (descriptive word). City (ST): Publisher or Producer; [Date accessed]. Notes. URL.

1.  McKean D. Sphinx (painting). Kent (England): Dave McKean; [accessed 2016 Jun 17]. ISBN: 9781848726215.​ http://www.davemckean.com/wp-content/gallery/painting/SPHINX_painting.JPG.

2.  Marshall JA. Earhart climbing out of the cockpit of her plane (gelatin silver print). New York (NY): ARTstor; [accessed 2016 Jul 6]. Located in: Schlesinger History of Women in America Collection; Photograph Number PC-29-1-1. http://library.artstor.org/library/secure/ViewImages?fs=true&id=4iFLcDwwJloxLyk7eDFwQA%3D%3D&userId=hDRGez0n&zoomparams=.

  • << Previous: Theses and Dissertations
  • Next: Sound Recordings >>
  • Updated: Jul 12, 2023 1:02 PM
  • URL: https://libguides.bates.edu/CSE

IMAGES

  1. CSE Citation-Reference Guidelines-with websites-2022

    cse citation website

  2. CSE Citations

    cse citation website

  3. CSE Citations

    cse citation website

  4. Free CSE citation generator [2024 Update]

    cse citation website

  5. cse citation format

    cse citation website

  6. cse citation centre

    cse citation website

VIDEO

  1. 018 OJS Citation Style Plugins Installation and configuration available settings

  2. 📚Discover the Vancouver Style of Referencing

  3. കുറ്റബോധം തോന്നില്ലെങ്കി രാത്രി റൂമില് വാ

  4. दुर्गा टेकडी निगडी,पुणे

  5. #CHUtorial : What to do with Old Sources? (SECONDARY CITATION)

  6. citation

COMMENTS

  1. Free CSE Citation Generator [Updated for 2024]

    A CSE citation generator is an online tool that creates citations in the Council of Science Editors (CSE) citation style. It does this automatically by taking in an identifier for a document, such as a website URL, book ISBN, or journal DOI, and then formatting the citation correctly using the remaining details. 🤓 What is the CSE citation style?

  2. Web pages

    (Geggel 2016). Last Updated: Dec 19, 2023 4:09 PM URL: https://libguides.nwmissouri.edu/cse Login to LibApps Report a problem Subjects: *How to Cite Tags: Citing Sources, Council of Science Editors, CSE, CSE sample bibliography, CSE sample references, How to cite CSE Style, scientific citation, Scientific Style, Scientific Style and Format

  3. Free CSE citation generator [2024 Update]

    The CSE style has three systems to cite sources in-text: Name-Year (N-Y) system: The author's surname and year of the publication are placed in parentheses in the text e.g. (Rode 2012). The reference list is ordered alphabetically by author name. Citation-Name (C-N) system: Superscript numbers are used to identify in-text citations.

  4. CSE Citation Guide: Home

    The CSE citation style is commonly used by biologists. To help you use the CSE style when citing sources, this library guide provides sample citations for books, articles, and other scientific works. The Council of Science Editors (CSE), formerly known as Council of Biology Editors (CBE), published the 8th edition of the CSE style manual in 2014.

  5. CSE Quick Citation Guide

    The CSE citation style is frequently used in the Natural Sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Mathematics, Physics). CSE Quick Citation Style CSE Citation Style Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name Format In-Text and End References Format End References Name-Year In-Text Citations Formatting End References CSE Citation Style

  6. LibGuides: CSE Style Guide, for 7th Edition: Website / Webpage

    Citations from website/page sources require some or all of the following elements: Author (last name, first/middle initials). Date of publication or last updated, preceded by 'c'. Title of Website [Internet]. Place of publication (City (State initials)) and publisher name/organization.

  7. Web Sources

    Website Citations in CSE Bibliographies (CSE 8th; 29.3.7.13) Bibliography citations for websites and online documents are all formatted using the basic elements found in print documents (e.g author, title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, and extent).

  8. CSE Style Citation Generator For Websites

    Free revision, title page, and bibliography Flexible prices and money-back guarantee Edit my essay Tips to Use the Citation Generator Choose the citation style Check the guidelines provided by your professor to select the correct citation style. If such instructions weren't given, check your university website. Doublecheck the source

  9. CSE Citation Systems

    CSE Systems. CSE style describes three systems for references; use the style which is commonly used in your discipline: Name-Year (N-Y) system. Uses the surname of the author and the year of publication within the text to refer to the end references. End references are then listed alphabetically by author and then by year.

  10. LibGuides: Citation Style Guide: CSE 8th Edition

    The References Page: Documents using the CSE style of citation must contain a "References" page at the end of the text. The following are some examples of how to cite commonly used references: Book . Frog RA. 1998. Expert's guide to artisanal fly cuisine. 2nd ed. Halifax (NS): Imaginary Publishing Inc. Book, journal and website titles are in sentence case!

  11. Library Guides: CSE Quick Citation Guide: In Text References

    General Content CSE Quick Citation Guide In Text References CSE Quick Citation Guide This guide contains some examples of common citation formats in CSE Style (Council of Science Editors, formerly called the CBE Council of Biology Editors). Name-Year (N-Y) System In Text References

  12. CSE Style Guide: Websites

    CSE Style Guide: Websites. The Council of Science Editors (CSE) style guide is designed for the natural and physical sciences. ... Begin a citation to Internet material by first locating all of the information needed to cite it as if it were a print document. Most difficulties arise when citing something that is not a book or article.

  13. Research Guides: CSE Style: Websites & Databases

    CSE Style Website Need Help? 410-774-1398 You can also: Submit an email question Contact your subject librarian for an appointment Details to Note A website citation consists of the author (if any) webpage title, edition, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, date of last update, date accessed, and a URL.

  14. PDF CSE Name-Year Citation Style Guide

    PART 1: IN-TEXT CITATIONS The author's name and the year of publication are listed in parentheses at the end of the sentence: This claim was later refuted (Jones 2008). If the author's name is clearly mentioned in the text, it can be directly followed by the year of publication, in parentheses: Jones (2008) later refuted this claim.

  15. CSE Citation-Sequence and CSE Citation-Name

    Council of Science Editors Documentation Style CSE Citation-Sequence and CSE Citation-Name CSE Citation-Sequence and CSE Citation-Name In both CSE citation systems described here, numbers in a sentence refer to sources listed at the end of the document.

  16. CSE Citation

    CSE Style. The Council of Science Editors (CSE), formerly the CBE (Council of Biology Editors), produces a guide to appropriate scientific style used for citing sources in the sciences, which includes biology, chemistry, computer science, engineering, geology, mathematics and physics. The guide is referred to as "the CSE Manual."

  17. CSE Citations

    Official CSE Website for Scientific Style and Format. Click the image above to view very basic guidelines for how to cite journals, books, websites, and more on the CSE website. ... For any type of resource (article, book, website, etc), a basic in-text citation includes the author's name and the publication year (example: Kean 2013). When ...

  18. Research Guides: CSE Citation Style Guide: a. Basic Web Page

    CSE Citation Style Guide. a. Basic Web Page. When citing a web page, include the date you accessed it, and the URL. If the web page lists a date when it was updated, include that before the cited date.

  19. CSE

    CSE (Council of Science Editors) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources in the sciences, including Biology. In addition to the examples to the left, see these sections of the Scientific Style and Format guide for how to cite other sources in CSE style: Maps (Section 29.3.7.9, pg. 545-7)

  20. Research Guides: CSE Citation Style: In-Text Citations

    The CSE citations style allows for the use of one of three possible in-text reference systems: 1) Name-Year, 2) Citation-Sequence and 3) Citation-Name. Each system has benefits and limitations and you should consider each prior to selection. Name-Year (CSE 8th; 29.2.1.2):

  21. CSE Citation Generator & Examples

    This guide will show you in-text citations and full reference examples in CSE for the following source types: Website. Book. Journal article. Newspaper or magazine article. Report. Online video. Online image. If you wish to easily cite in CSE, check out the Chegg Writing citation generator.

  22. CSE- Citation Name

    Staphylococcus. In: Schaechter M, editor. Encyclopedia of microbiology. 3rd ed. Boston (MA): Elsevier/Academic Press; 2009. Vol. 2, p. 293-303.

  23. Images, Photos, & Artworks

    Online Images in CSE Bibliographies (CSE 8th; 29.3.7.13) Bibliography citations for websites and online documents are all formatted using the basic elements found in print documents (e.g author, title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, and extent). However, for some web sources these elements must be expanded or supplemented with additional information.