congressional research service annual report 2020

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• Outside Activities: Preserving Objectivity and Non-Partisanship , Director's Statement, CRS Director Daniel P. Mulhollan, January 23, 2004
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• Outside Writing, Lecturing Activities by CRS Staff: Objectivity , CREAgram from the CRS employees' union, May 12, 2004
• Congressional Policy Concerning the Distribution of CRS Written Products , March 9, 1999
• People of the Week: A Profile of the Legislative Reference Service (1947) , The United States News

FinancialResearch.gov

OFR 2020 Annual Report to Congress

The Office of Financial Research’s 2020 Annual Report found that unexpected turbulence from the COVID-19 pandemic elevated risks across financial markets and revealed limitations in conventional market monitoring.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires the OFR to analyze threats to the financial stability of the United States each year and provide Congress with its key findings. The 2020 Annual Report found the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic, financial, and government policy reactions affected all OFR monitored risk categories and greatly heightened overall uncertainty. The report also discussed how traditional market monitoring can miss vulnerabilities that are fundamentally difficult to anticipate.

Report Highlights

Assessing financial risk in a turbulent year.

• The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were global and had devastating health, economic, and financial effects.
• The pandemic and efforts to contain the health threat drastically curtailed economic activity and severely stressed financial markets.
• While the economy and financial markets quickly made partial but substantial recoveries, this required extraordinary government and monetary policy support, which could risk distorting competitive markets if maintained too long.

Risks to financial stability are elevated

• Potential risks to financial stability remain elevated in most financial risk categories.
• These areas of risk include macroeconomic, credit, market, liquidity and funding, leverage, insolvency and potential contagion, cybersecurity, and others.

Exploration of Information markets

• The pandemic illustrated the difficulty for conventional financial stability monitoring to identify true vulnerabilities.
• About 30 prominent financial stability assessments in 2019 attempted to size up and anticipate systemic risk, yet not one discussed the potential for a new pandemic to threaten financial stability.
• Developing an information market for systemic risk management may help reveal costly or otherwise hidden information that can play a fundamental role in creating systemic risks.

Report Contents

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Annual Report to Congress and Agencies Related to the Work of CPSTF

Congress has charged the Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) to provide an annual report that identifies gaps in research and recommends priority areas for further examination (Public Health Service Act 399U [b] [6]).

Annual Reports to Congress

Annual Reports from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

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Congressional Research Service Reports

The Congressional Research Service is the public policy research arm of the United States Congress and serves Congress as a source of nonpartisan, objective analysis and research on all legislative issues. In 2017, CRS began publishing their research reports on a freely available and searchable website .  Before that time, those reports were not typically made publicly available.  However, the National Agricultural Law Center received the CRS reports related to agriculture and food issues, which we then published on our site, below.  These reports may be useful for historical background and reference, and they will remain posted until the CRS website is more developed with the previous versions of many of their reports.

On this page, the reports are organized into categories with efficient research and easier topic identification as main goals. Further division by multiple sub-topics in many of the categories specifically pinpoint topics relevant to individual areas of interest.  However, it is important to note that many of the reports may fall into more than one category. For example, a report titled “Federal Food Assistance in Disasters” may have elements relevant to both the disaster assistance category and the food security and aid category. In those cases, the report was put into the category that seemed the most relevant to the overall subject of the paper. While every effort was made to ensure consistency, a careful researcher should exercise discretion and define the research scope accordingly.

SUBJECT INDEX

Animal Agriculture Aquaculture Bankruptcy Biotechnology Budget and Appropriations Climate Change Commodities Disaster Impact and Assistance Economy Energy Environmental Issues Estate Planning and Taxation Farm Bills/Economic Stimulus Farm Labor Farm Commodity Programs Farm Policy and Legislative Analysis Finance and Credit Food Safety Food Security/Aid Forestry International Agriculture Public Lands Rural Development Security and Defense Sustainable and Organic Farming Trade Regulation and Antitrust Transportation Water Resources

Animal Agriculture

General Issues

Animal Agriculture: Selected Issues in the 113th Congress (R42954, Greene) U.S. Livestock and Poultry Feed Use and Availability: Background and Emerging Issues (R41956, Schnepf) Animal Agriculture: Selected Issues for Congress (RS22526, Becker) Dairy Market and Policy Issues (R40205, Shields) Livestock Feed Costs: Concerns and Options (RS22908, Becker)

Health Issues

Update on the Highly-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak of 2014-2015 (R44114, Greene) Bee Health: Background and Issues for Congress (R43191, Johnson) USDA  Authority to Regulate On-Farm Activity (R40577, Brougher) Animal Drug User Fee Programs (RL34459, Lister) Antibiotic Use in Agriculture: Background and Legislation (R40739, Becker) Avian Influenza in Poultry and Wild Birds (RL33795, Monke & Corn) Avian Influenza: Multiple Strains Cause Different Effects Worldwide (RS21747,Monke) BSE, or “Mad Cow Disease” in North America: A Chronology of Selected Events (RL32932, Becker) BSE, or “Mad Cow Disease”: Current and Proposed Safeguards (RL32199, Becker & Lister) Foot and Mouth Disease: A Threat to U.S. Agriculture (RS20890, Segarra & Rawson) Funding Plant & Animal Health Emergencies: Transfers from the CCC (RL32504, Monke) Mad Cow Disease: Agricultural Issues for Congress (IB10127, Becker) Private Testing of Mad Cow Disease: Legal Issues (RL32414, Vina) Recent Honey Bee Colony Declines (RL33938, Johnson) Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Including “Mad Cow Disease” (RL32269, Lister & Becker) Virus-Serum-Toxin Act: A Brief History and Analysis (RS22014, Monke)

Meat Animal Research Center: The Animal Welfare Act and Farm Animal Research (R44091, Cowan & Greene) Table Egg Production and Hen Welfare: The UEP-HSUS Agreement, HR 3798 and S. 3239 (R42534, Greene & Cowan) Animal Welfare Act: Background and Selected Legislation (RS22493, Becker) Federal Animal Protection Statutes: Brief Summaries (94-731, Cohen) Humane Treatment of Farm Animals: Overview and Selected Issues (95-1175, Becker) Humane Treatment of Farm Animals: Overview and Issues (RS21978, Becker) Horse Slaughter Prevention Bills and Issues (RS21842, Becker)

Reauthorization of the Livestock Mandatory Reporting (LMR) Act in the 114th Congress (R44025, Greene) USDA’s “GIPSA Rule” on Livestock and Poultry Marketing Practices (R41673, Greene) Dairy Market and Policy Issues (R40205, Shields) Livestock Mandatory Price Reporting (RS20079, Heykoop) Potential Farm Sector Effects of 2009 H1N1 “Swine Flu”: Questions and Answers (R40575, Johnson) Recent Acquisitions of U.S. Meat Companies (RS22980, Johnson) Livestock Marketing and Competition Issues (RL33325, Johnson & Becker)

Identification

Animal Identification and Meat Traceability (RL32012, Becker) Animal Identification: Overview and Issues (R40832, Schnepf) Animal Identification: Overview and Issues (RS22653, Becker)

Anaerobic Digestion: Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and Energy Generation (R40667, Bracmort) Animal Rendering: Economics and Policy (RS21771, Becker)

Aquaculture

Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Issues in the 112th Congress (R41613, Buck et al.) Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 107th Congress (IB10074, Buck) Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 109th Congress (RL33459, Buck) Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 110th Congress (RL33813, Buck) Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Issues in the 111th Congress (R40172, Buck & Upton) Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Online News and Information Sources (RL30856, Buck) Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act: Reauthorization Issues for the 107th Congress (RL30215, Waldeck & Buck) Open Ocean Aquaculture (RL32694, Borgatti & Buck)

Return to the CRS Reports index.

Regulation of Real Estate Appraisers (RS22953, Murphy) Homestead Exemptions in Bankruptcy After the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA) (R40891, Pettit & Platte) Ch. 12 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code: Reorganization of a Family Farmer or Fisherman (RS20742, Jeweler)

Biotechnology

Science and Technology Issues in the 115th Congress  (R44786, Gottron, Coordinator) Nutrition Labeling of Restaurant Menu and Vending Machines Items  (R44272, Dabrowska) Enforcement of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: Select Legal Issues (R43609, Armstrong & Staman) Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes: A Vector Control Technology for Reducing Zika Virus Transmission , (IF10401, Cowan) Labeling Genetically Engineered Foods: Current Legislation , (IF10376, Cowan) Constitutional Implications of State GE Food Labeling Laws (R44209, Lanza) Genetically Engineered Salmon (R43518, Upton & Cowan) Science and Technology Issues in the 113th Congress (R43114, Gottron et al.) Unapproved Genetically Modified Wheat Discovered in Oregon: Status and Implications (R43100, Cowan) An Overview of the “Patent Trolls” Debate (R42688, Yeh) Genetically Engineered Fish and Seafood: Environmental Concerns (R41486, Buck) Deregulating Genetically Engineered Alfalfa and Sugar Beets: Legal & Administrative Responses (R41395, Cowan & Alexander) Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development (RL33527, Schacht) Deregulating Genetically Engineered Alfalfa and Sugar Beets: Legal and Administrative Responses (R41396, Cowan & Alexander) Agricultural Biotechnology: Background and Recent Issues (RL32809, Becker & Cowan) Biosafety Protocol for Genetically Modified Organisms: An Overview (RL30594, Segarra & Fletcher) Biotechnology in Animal Agriculture: Status and Current Issues (RL33334, Cowan & Becker) Examination of the Issues Surrounding Biotechnology Patenting and Its Effects Upon Entrepreneurial Companies (RL30648, Thomas) Genetically Engineered Fish and Seafood (RL32974, Bortatti & Buck) Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods (RS20507, Vogt) StarLink Corn Controversy: Background (RS20732, Segarra & Rawson) Status of Genetically Engineered Wheat in North America (RS21620, Bass)

Budget and Appropriations

Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2017 Appropriations , (R44588, Monke, et al.) Reductions in Mandatory Agricultural Conservation Programs in Appropriations Law (IF10041, Stubbs) FY2017 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief (R44441, Monke et al.) Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2017 Appropriations (R44470, Vincent) Methods of Estimating the Total Cost of Federal Regulations (R44348, Carey)   Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2016 Appropriations (R44061, Vincent)   FY2016 Appropriations: Selected Federal Food Safety Agencies (R44309, Johnson) How Treasury Issues Debt (R40767, Driessen) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2016 Appropriations (R44240, Monke) U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Appropriations Process: A Brief Explanation (RS20906, McLoughlin) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE): Appropriations and the FY2016 Budget Request (R44262, Bracecourt & Sissine) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): FY2016 Appropriations (R44208, Elsworth & Bearden) FY2016 Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations: In Brief (R43938, Monke) DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: FY2016 Appropriations (R44004, Sissine) Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues (R40957, Dilger & Beth) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations (R43669, Monke et al.) Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2015 Appropriations and Policy (R43678, Corn) Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2013 and FY2014 Appropriations (R43142, Vincent)   Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2015 Appropriations (R43509, James et al.) The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2015 and Beyond (R43472, Levit)    The Budget Control Act and Trends in Discretionary Spending (RL34424, Austin) Forest Service Appropriations, FY2010-FY2014: In Brief (R43417, Hoover)   The Federal Rulemaking Process: An Overview (RL32240, Carey, et al.)   Improper Payments and Recovery Audits: Legislation, Implementation, and Analysis (R42878, Hatch) Budget Reconciliation Process: Timing of Committee Responses to Reconciliation Directives (R41151, Lynch) Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases (RL31967, Austin & Levit) Automatic Continuing Resolutions: Background and Overview of Recent Proposals (R41948, Tollestrup) Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview (RS20348, Tollestrup) Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects (RL34680, Brass) Army Corps Supplemental Appropriations: Recent History, Trends, and Policy Issues (R42841, Stern & Carter) Energy and Water Development: FY2014 Appropriations (R43121, Behrens) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Appropriations for FY2013 in P.L. 113-6 (R43207, Esworthy & Bearden) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2014 Appropriations (R43110, Monke) Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2014 (R43086, Sargent et al.) Budget Control Act of 2011: The Effects on Spending and the Budget Deficit (R42506, Levit & Labonte) Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions (R42972, Lynch) The Budget Control Act of 2011: Budgetary Effects of Proposals to Replace the FY2013 Sequester (R42675, Levit) FY2013 Continuing Resolution: Analysis of Components and Congressional Action (R42782, Tollestrup) Federal Support for Academic Research (R41895, Matthews) The “Fiscal Cliff”: Macroeconomic Consequences of Tax Increases and Spending Cuts (R42700, Gravelle) Budget Control Act of 2011: Budgetary Effects of Proposals to Replace the FY2013 Sequester (R42674, Levit) Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Recent Practices (R42647, Tollestrup) Major Fiscal Issues Before Congress in FY 2013 (R42654, Levit, et al.) Budget “Sequestration” and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules (R42050, Spar) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations (R42596, Monke) Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2013 Appropriations and Policy (R42466, Corn ) Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension: Issues and Background (R40819, Monke) The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction (R42388, Tollestrup) The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases (RL31967, Austin & Levit) Financial Services and General Government: FY2012 Appropriations (R42008, Hatch) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2012 Appropriations (R41964, Monke) The Budget Control Act of 2011 (R41965, Heniff, et al.) The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview (RS20095, Saturno) Mandatory Spending Since 1962 (RL33074, Austin et al.) Federal Stafford Act Disaster Assistance: Presidential Declarations, Eligible Activities, and Funding (RL33053, McCarthy) Reducing the Budget Deficit: The President’s Fiscal Commission and Other Initiatives (R41784, Levit) Reaching the Debt Limit: Background and Potential Effects on Government Operations (R41633, Levit, et al.) Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2012 Appropriations and Policy (R41928, Corn) Reducing the Budget Deficit: Tax Policy Options (R41641, Sherlock) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2010 Appropriations (R40721, Monke) OMB Controls on Agency Mandatory Spending Programs: “Administrative PAYGO” and Related Issues for Congress (R41375, Brass & Monke) Earmarks Disclosed by Congress: FY2008-FY2010 Regular Appropriations Bills (R40976, Vincent & Monke) Continuing Resolutions: Latest Action and Brief Overview of Recent Practices (RL30343, Streeter) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2011 Appropriations (R41475, Ho et al.) FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations for Agriculture (R41255, Monke) CRS Issue Statement on Agriculture Appropriations (IS40598, Monke) Environmental Protection Agency: Appropriations for FY2011 (R41149, Esworthy et al.) FY2011 Federal Budget (R41097, Levit) Financial Services and General Government: FY2010 Appropriations (R40801, Hatch) Agriculture and FY2006 Budget Reconciliation (RS22086, Chite) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2009 Appropriations (R40000, Monke) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2008 Appropriations (RL34132, Monke) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2007 Appropriations (RL33412, Monke) Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations (RL32904, Monke) Appropriations for FY1999; Interior and Related Agencies (98-206, Greenwood) Appropriations for FY1999; U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies (98-201, Chite) Appropriations for FY2000: Energy and Water Development (RL30207, Humphries & Behrens) Appropriations for FY2000: Interior and Related Agencies (RL30206, Greenwood) Appropriations for FY2000: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies (RL30201, Chite) Appropriations for FY2001: An Overview (RL30500, Bley) Appropriations for FY2001: Energy and Water Development (RL30507, Humphries & Behrens) Appropriations for FY2001: Interior and Related Agencies (RL30506, Greenwood) Appropriations for FY2001: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies (RL30501, Chite) Appropriations for FY2002: Interior and Related Agencies (RL31006, Vincent & Boren) Appropriations for FY2002: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies (RL31001, Chite) Appropriations for FY2003: Interior and Related Agencies (RL31306, Vincent & Boren) Appropriations for FY2003: Interior and Related Agencies (RL31806, Vincent & Boren) Appropriations for FY2003: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies (RL31301, Chite) Appropriations for FY2004: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies (RL31801, Chite) Appropriations for FY2005: USDA and Related Agencies (RL32301, Chite) Assistance After Hurricanes and Other Disasters: FY2004-05 Supplemental Appropriations (RL32581, Bea & Chite) Emergency Funding for Ag: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations FY1989-2005 (RL31095, Chite) Environmental Protection Agency: Highlights of the President’s FY2007 Request (RS22386, Bearden & Esworthy) Farm Commodity Programs in the President’s FY2010 Budget (R40442, Monke) Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2007 (RL33345, Davey, et al.) Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2006 (RL32799, Davey) Federal R&D Funding Under a Continuing Resolution (RS22523, Davey, et al.) Food and Agriculture Provisions in the FY1997 Supplemental Appropriations Act (98-600, Chite) FY2006 Budget Request for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (RS22071, Monke) FY2007 Budget Request for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (RS22382, Monke) FY2009 Budget Request for the USDA (RS22621, Monke) Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2008 Appropriations (RL34011, Vincent, et al.) Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations (RL32893, Vincent) Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2007 Appropriations (RL33399, Vincent & Boren) Land and Water Conservation Fund: Current Status and Issues (97-792, Zinn) Natural Resources and Environment Function in the FY2000 Federal Budget: A Description of Programs and Funding (RS20096, Bearden) Natural Resources and Environment Function in the FY2001 Federal Budget: A Description of Programs and Funding (RS20492, Bearden) Natural Resources and Environment Function in the FY2003 Federal Budget: An Overview of Programs and Funding (RS21154, Bearden) Superfund and Natural Resource Damages (RS20772, Reisch) Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions for FY1998 (98-123, Nowels)

Climate Change

U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emission Trends and the Role of the Clean Power Plan (R44451, Ramseur) Funding for Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) at DOE: In Brief (R44472, Folger) Recovery Act Funding for DOE Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Projects (R44387, Folger) EPA’s Clean Power Plan for Existing Power Plants: Frequently Asked Questions (R44341, McCarthy et al.) Greenhouse Gas Pledges by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (R44092, Leggett) Methane: An Introduction to Emission Sources and Reduction Strategies (R43860, Lattanzio et al.) Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Assessment of Coal and Natural Gas in the Power Sector (R44090, Lattanzio) Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis of Plans and Issues for Congress (R43915, Leggett) State CO2 Emission Rate Goals in EPA’s Proposed Rule for Existing Power Plants (R43652, Ramseur) EPA’s Proposed Greenhouse Gas Regulations: Implications for the Electric Power Sector (R43621, Campbell) EPA’s Proposed Greenhouse Gas Regulations for Existing Power Plants: Frequently Asked Questions (R43572, McCarthy et al.) The Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI): Budget Authority and Request, FY2010-FY2015 (R41845, Lattanzio) Drought in the United States: Causes and Current Understanding (R43407, Folger & Cody) Carbon Capture: A Technology Assessment (R41325, Folger) Climate Change Legislation in the 113th Congress (R43230, Ramseur) Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014 (R43227, Leggett et al.) Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Research, Development, and Demonstration at the U.S. Department of Energy (R42496, Folger) President Obama’s Climate Action Plan (R43120, Leggett, et al.) EPA Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Power Plants: Many Questions, Some Answers (R43127, McCarthy) The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: Lessons Learned and Issues for Policymakers (R41836, Ramseur) Climate Change and Existing Law: A Survey of Legal Issues Past, Present, and Future (R42613, Meltz) China’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Policies (R41919, Leggett) Comparison of Climate Change Adaptation Provisions in S. 1733 and H.R. 2454 (R40911, Ho) EPA’s BACT Guidance for Greenhouse Gases from Stationary Sources (R41505, Parker & McCarthy) Greenhouse Gas Emission Drivers: Population, Economic Development and Growth, and Energy Use (RL33970, Blodgett & Parker) Geoengineering: Governance and Technology Policy (R41371, Bracmort et al.) Climate Investment Funds CIFs: An Overview (R41302, Lattanzio) EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases: Congressional Responses and Options (R41212, McCarthy & Parker) Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress (R41153, O’Rourke) International Agreements on Climate Change: Selected Legal Questions (R41175, Barbour) Deforestation and Climate Change (R41144, Gorte & Sheikh) Federal Agency Actions Following the Supreme Court’s Climate Change Decision: A Chronology (R41103, Meltz) Climate Change: EU and Proposed U.S. Approaches to Carbon Leakage and WTO Implications (R40914, Parker & Grimmett) Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes in the United States (R40097, Folger) Memorandum: International Governance of Geoengineering (M-031110, Lattanzio & Barbour) Memorandum: Comparison of Selected Senate Energy and Climate Change Proposals (M-061610, Yacobucci) China and the United States — A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies (R41287, Campbell) Climate Change ad the EU Emmissions Trading Scheme: Looking to 2020 (R41049, Parker) Potential Implications of a Carbon Offset Program to Farmers and Landowners (R41086, Johnson et al.) Cars and Climate: What Can EPA Do To Control Greenhouse Gases from Mobile Sources? (R40506, McCarthy) Status of the Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiations (R40910, Leggett & Lattanzio) Climate Change: Comparison of the Cap-and-Trade Provisions in H.R. 2454 and S. 1733 (R40896, Yacobucci et al.) Agriculture and Forestry Provisions in Climate Legislation in the 111th Congress (R40994, Johnson) Agriculture and Forestry Provisions in Climate Change Legislation (S. 3036) (RS22834, Johnson) Nitrous Oxide from Agricultural Sources: Potential Role in Greenhouse Gas Emission Reducation and Ozone Recovery (R40874, Bracmort) Are Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rising More Rapidly Than Expected? (RS22970, Leggett & Logan) Biochar: Examination of an Emerging Concept to Mitigate Climate Change (R40186, Bracmort) Capturing CO 2 from Coal-Fired Power Plants: Challenges for a Comprehensive Strategy (RL34621, Parker et al.) Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) (RL33801, Folger) Carbon Cycle: Implications for Climate Change and Congress (RL34059, Folger) “Carbon Leakage” and Trade: Issues and Approaches (R40100, Parker & Blodgett) Carbon Tax and Greenhouse Gas Control: Options and Considerations for Congress (R40242, Ramseur & Parker) Climate Change: Action by States to Address Greenhouse Gas Emissions (RL33812, Ramseur) Climate Change: Comparison of S. 2191 as Reported (now S. 3036) with Proposed Boxer Amendment (RL34515, Yacobucci & Parker) Climate Change: Costs and Benefits of S.2191 (RL34489, Parker & Yacobucci) Climate Change: Costs and Benefits of the Cap-and-Trade Provisions of H.R. 2454 (R40809, Parker & Yacobucci) Climate Change: Current Issues and Policy Tools (RL34513, Leggett) Climate Change: Design Approaches for a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program (RL33799, Parker) Climate Change: Federal Expenditures for Science and Technology (RL32997, Simpson & Justus) Climate Change: Federal Laws and Policies Related to Greenhouse Gas Reductions (RL31931, Yacobucci & Parker) Climate Change: Federal Research, Technology, and Related Programs (RL30452, Simpson) Climate Change: Issues Underlying Negotiations at the Bali Conference of Parties (RL34260, Fletcher et al.) Climate Change: Kyoto Protocol and International Actions (RL33826, Fletcher & Parker) Climate Change: Potential Regulation of Stationary Greenhouse Gas Sources Under the Clean Air Act (R40585, Parker & McCarthy) Climate Change: Role of the U.S. Agriculture Sector (RL33898, Johnson) Climate Change: Science Update 2007 (RL34266, Leggett) Climate Change and the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS): Kyoto and Beyond (RL34150, Parker) Climate Change and International Deforestation: Legislative Analysis (RL34634, Shiekh & Gorte) Climate Change Litigation: A Survey (RL32764, Meltz) Climate Change Legislation in the 110th Congress (RL34067, Ramseur & Yacobucci) Community Acceptance of Carbon Capture and Sequestrian Infrastructure: Siting Challenges (RL34601, Parfomak) Estimates of Carbon Mitigation Potential from Agricultural and Forestry Activities (R40236, Johnson et al.) Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2010 (R40710, Sargent) Federal Research and Development Funding: Possible Impacts of Operating Under a Continuing Resolution (RS22978, Shea & Morgan) Forest Carbon Markets: Potential and Drawbacks (RL34560, Gorte & Ramseur) Global Climate Change and Wildlife (RS22597, Sheikh et al.) Global Climate Change: Status of Negotiations (RS22899, Fletcher) Global Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol (RL30692, Fletcher) Global Climate Change: The Role of Energy Efficiency (RL30414, Sissine) Global Climate Change: The Role of U.S. Foreign Assistance (97-1015, Tarnoff) Global Climate Change: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions — Status, Trends and Projections (98-235, Blodgett & Parker) Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Cap-and-Trade Bills in the 110th Congress (RL33846, Parker & Yacobucci) Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Conflicting Situations, Conflicting Perspectives (RL32721, Parker & Blodgett) Greenhouse Legislation: Summary and Analysis of H.R. 2454 as Passed by the House of Representatives (R40643-1, Holt & Whitney) Greenhouse Legislation: Summary and Analysis of H.R. 2454 as Reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce (R40643, Holt & Whitney) Market-Based Greenhouse Gas Control: Selected Proposals in the 111th Congress (R40556, Ramseur et al.) Measuring and Monitoring Carbon in the Agricultural and Forestry Sectors (RS22964, Gorte & Johnson) Potential Offset Supply in a Cap-and-Trade Program (RL34705, Ramseur) Regulating a Carbon Market: Issues Raised By the European Carbon and U.S. Sulfur Dioxide Allowance Markets (RL34488, Jickling & Parker) Role of Offsets in a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cap-and-Trade Program: Potential Benefits and Concerns (RL34436, Ramseur) Summary of Waxman-Market Draft Greenhouse Gas Legislation (R40597, Holt) Supreme Court’s Climate Change Decision: Massachusetts v. EPA (RS22665, Meltz) U.S. Global Climate Change Policy: Evolving Views on Cost, Competitiveness, and Comprehensiveness (RL30024, Parker & Blodgett) U.S.-centric Chronology of the International Climate Change Negotiations (R40001, Leggett) United States and Europe: Current Issues (RS22163, Mix)

Commodities

Blockchain: Background and Policy Issues , (R45116, Jaikaran) Federal Milk Marketing Orders: An Overview, (R45044, Greene) Potential Use of Industrial Hemp in Cannabidiol Products , (IF10391, Johnson) U.S. Peanut Program and Issues (R44156, Shields) U.S. Sugar Program Fundamentals (R43998, McMinimy) Marijuana: Medical and Retail— An Abbreviated View of Selected Legal Issues (R43437, Gavey & Doyle) State Marijuana Legalization Initiatives: Implications for Federal Law Enforcement (R43164, Finklea & Sacco). Sugar Program: The Basics (R42535, Jurenas) Fruits, Vegetables, and Other Specialty Crops: Selected Federal Programs (R42771, Johnson) Sugar Program Proposals for the 2012 (R42551, Jurenas) Asian Soybean Rust: Background and Issues (RL32225, Schnepf) Background on Sugar Policy Issues (RL33541, Jurenas) FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products: A Policy and Legal Analysis (RL32619, Redhead & Burrows) Hemp As an Agricultural Commodity (RL32725, Johnson) Implications of Reactivating the Dairy Export Incentive Program (R40585, Shields & Hanrahan) Specialty Crop Issues in the 109th Congress (RL32951, Rawson) Tobacco: Selected Legal Issues (RL33719, Burrows) U.S. Tobacco Production, Consumption and Export Trends (RL30947, Womach)

U.S. Grain Standards Act: Potential Reauthorization in the 114th Congress (R43803, Shields)    Farm Product ‘Check-off’ Programs: A Constitutional Analysis (RL32957, Vina) Farmers’ Markets: The USDA Role (RS21652, Becker) Federal Farm Promotion (“Check-Off”) Programs (95-353, Becker) High Agricultural Commodity Prices: What Are the Issues (RL34474, Schnepf) Seafood Marketing: Combating Fraud and Deception (RL34124, Buck)

CFTC Reauthorization in the 109th Congress (RS22028, Jickling) Proposed Transaction Fee on Futures Contracts (RS22415, Jickling)

Disaster Impact and Assistance

Federal Crop Insurance for Specialty Crops , (IF10765, Johnson & Rosa) Federal Disaster Assistance for Agriculture , (IF10565, Stubbs) Drought Legislation: Comparison of Selected Provisions in H.R. 2898 and S. 1894 (R44180, Stern et al.) In Focus: Overview of Farm Safety Net Programs (IF10191, Shields) Proposals to Reduce Premium Subsidies for Federal Crop Insurance (R43951, Shields) Major Disaster Declarations for Snow Assistance and Severe Winter Storms: An Overview (R43802, Lindsey) Crop Insurance Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) (R43494, Shields) Emergency Water Assistance During Drought: Federal Non-Agricultural Programs (R43408, Carter et al.) Congressional Primer on Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies (R41981, McCarthy & Brown) Federal Crop Insurance for Specialty Crops: Background and Legislative Proposals (R42813, Shields) FEMA’s Disaster Declaration Process: A Primer (RL34146, McCarthy) CRS Issue Statement on Disaster Risk Financing (IS40291, King) FY2010 Supplemental for Wars, Disaster Assistance, Haiti Relief, and Other Programs (R41232, Belasco et al.) Renegotiation of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement for Federal Crop Insurance (R40966, Shields) Agricultural Disaster Assistance (RS21212, Stubbs) Commercial Fishery Disaster Assistance (RL34209, Upton) Disaster Relief Funding and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations (R40708, Lindsay & Murray) Disaster Relief and Response: FY2003 Supplemental Appropriations (RL31999, Bea) Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Legislation for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data (RL33226, Murray & Lindsey) Federal Crop Insurance: Background and Issues (R40532, Shields) Federal Disaster Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries (RL31734, Jordan) Federal Food Assistance in Disasters: Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (RL33102, Richardson) FY2006 Supplemental Appropriations: Iraq and Other International Activities; Additional Hurricane Katrina Relief (RL33298, Irwin & Nowels) Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Fishing and Aquaculture – Damage and Recovery (RS22241, Buck) Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and the Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration (RS22276, Zinn) International Crises and Disasters: U.S. Humanitarian Assistance, Budget Trends, and Issues for Congress (RL33769, Margesson) Midwest Floods of 2008: Potential Impact on Agriculture (RL34583, Schnepf) Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act: Provisions and Changes to Preexisting Law (RL33589, Lister & Gottron) Ports in Louisiana: New Orleans, South Louisiana, and Baton Rouge (RS22297, Cieslak) U.S. Agriculture After Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Status and Issues (RL33075, Schnepf & Chite) A Whole-Farm Crop Disaster Program: Supplemental Revenue Assistance (SURE) (R40452, Shields)

Derivatives: Introduction and Legislation in the 114th Congress (R44351, Miller) The Glass-Steagall Act: A Legal and Policy Analysis (R44349, Carpenter et al.) Commodity Futures Trading Commission: Proposed Reauthorization in the 114th Congress (R44231, Miller) Insurance Regulation: Background, Overview, and Legislation in the 114th Congress (R44046, Webel) The Economic Implications of the Long-Term Federal Budget Outlook (RL32747, Labonte) Standard & Poor’s Downgrade of U.S. Government Long-Term Debt (R41955, Jickling) Treasury Securities and the U.S. Sovereign Credit Default Swap Market (R41932, Austin & Miller) Individual Mandate and Related Information Requirements under PPACA (R41331, Newman) PPACA: A Brief Overview of the Law, Implementation, and Legal Challenges (R41664, Chaikind et al.) The Bush Tax Cuts and the Economy (R41393, Hungerford) Farm Price-Cost Squeeze and U.S. Farm Policy (R40761, Shields) Farm-To-Food Price Dynamics (R40621, Schnepf) U.S. Farm Economy (R40152, Schnepf) U.S. Farm Economy (RS21970, Schnepf)

Energy Legislation: Comparison of Selected Provisions in H.R. 8 and S. 2012 (R44291, Yacobucci) Oil Sands and the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund: The Definition of “Oil” and Related Issues for Congress (R43128, Ramseur) DOT’s Federal Pipeline Safety Program: Background and Key Issues for Congress (R44201, Parfomak) Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments (R43787, Parfomak, et al.) An Overview of Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas: Resources and Federal Actions (R43148, Ratner & Tierman) EPA’s Proposed Clean Power Plan: Conversion to Mass-Based Emission Targets (R43942, Ramseur) Corporate Expatriation, Inversions, and Mergers: Tax Issues (R43568, Marples & Gravelle) Clean Coal Loan Guarantees and Tax Incentives: Issues in Brief (R43690, Folger & Sherlock) The Northeast Heating Oil Supply, Demand, and Factors Affecting Its Use (R43511, Andrews & Perl) U.S. Crude Oil Export Policy: Background and Considerations (R43442, Brown et al.) Energy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) (R43416, Schnepf) Winter Fuels Outlook 2013-2014 (R42090, Piron) Federal Permitting and Oversight of Export of Fossil Fuels (R43231, Vann et al.) U.S. Natural Gas Exports: New Opportunities, Uncertain Outcomes (R42074, Ratner et al.) Energy-Water Nexus: The Energy Sector’s Water Use (R43199, Carter) Energy Tax Policy: Issues in the 113th Congress (R43206, Sherlock) Energy Policy: 113th Congress Issues (R42756, Behrens) Energy Policy: Election Year Issues and Legislative Proposals (R42756, Behrens) Why Some Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Are Not Sold Domestically (R42666, Canis) U.S. Oil Imports and Exports (R42465, Nerurkar) Energy Tax Policy: Issues in the 112th Congress (R41769, Sherlock & Crandall-Hollick) Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues (R41668, Parfomak, et al.) Energy Tax Incentives: Measuring Value Across Different Types of Energy Resources (R41953, Sherlock) The Role of Federal Gasoline Excise Taxes in Public Policy (R40808, Pirog) EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a “Train Wreck” Coming? (R41914, McCarthy, et al.) Keeping America’s Pipelines Safe and Secure: Key Issues for Congress (R41536, Parfomak) Energy Tax Policy: Issues in the 111th Congress (R40999, Sherlock & Marples) Energy Tax Policy: Historical Perspectives on and Current Status of Energy Tax Expenditures (R41227, Sherlock) Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E): Background, Status, and Selected Issues for Congress (RL34497, Stine) Energy Costs and Agriculture (RL30943, Heykoop) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: A Summary of Major Provisions (RL34294, Sissine) Energy Policy Act of 2002: Summary of S. 1766 as Introduced (RL31276, Holt & Glover) Energy Policy: Historical Overview, Conceptual Framework, and Continuing Issues (RL31720, Bamberger) Energy Projects on Federal Lands: Leasing and Authorization (R40806, Vann) Energy Tax Policy: History and Current Issues (RL33578, Lazzari) Energy Use in Agriculture: Background and Issues (RL32677, Schnepf) Renewable Energy R&D Funding History: Comparison with Funding for Nuclear Energy, Fossil Energy, and Energy Efficiency R&D (RS22858, Sissine) U.S. Energy: Overview and Selected Facts and Numbers (R40187, Behrens & Glover)

Renewable Energy

USDA Initiative Is Funding New Ethanol Infrastructure , (IF10377, McMinimy) Residential Energy Tax Credits: Overview and Analysis (R42089, Crandall-Hollick & Sherlock) The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Waiver Authority and Modification of Volumes (R44045, Bracmort) The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): In Brief (R43325, Bracemort) Tier 3 Motor Vehicle Emission and Fuel Standards (R43497, Lattanzio & McCarthy) China and the United States—A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies (R41748, Campbell) The Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit: In Brief (R43453, Sherlock) Production Tax Credit Incentives for Renewable Electricity: Financial Comparison of Selected Policy Options (R43340, Brown) Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs (R40913, Cunningham & Roberts) Analysis of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) in the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) (R42824, Yacobucci) Algae’s Potential as a Transportation Biofuel (R42122, Bracmort) DOD Alternative Fuels: Policy, Initiatives and Legislative Activity (R42859, Blakeley) Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs (R42566, Cunningham et al.) U.S. Renewable Electricity: How Does Wind Generation Impact Competitive Power Markets? (R42818, Brown) Carbon Tax: Deficit Reduction and Other Considerations (R42731, Ramseur et al.) U.S. Renewable Electricity: How Does the Production Tax Credit (PTC) Impact Wind Markets? (R42576, Brown) The Navy Biofuel Initiative Under the Defense Production Act (R42568, Andrews et. al.) Renewable Energy Programs and the Farm Bill: Status and Issues (R41985, Schnepf) Federal Agency Authority to Contract for Electric Power and Renewable Energy Supply (R41960, Andrews) U.S. Renewable Electricity Generation: Resources and Challenges (R41954, Brown & Whitney) Is Biopower Carbon Neutral? (R41603, Bracmort) Cellulosic Ethanol: Feedstocks, Conversion Technologies, Economics, and Policy Options (R41460, Schnepf) Biomass Feedstocks for Biopower: Background and Selected Issues (R41440, Bracmort) Agriculture-Based Biofuels: Overview and Emerging Issues (R41282, Schnepf) Meeting the Renewable Fuel Standard Mandate for Cellulosic Biofuels: Questions and Answers (R41106, Bracmort)   CRS Issue Statement on Agriculture-Based Biofuels (IS40254, Schnepf) Wind Energy: Offshore Permitting (R40175, Vann) Intermediate-Level Blends of Ethanol in Gasoline, and the Ethanol “Blend Wall” (R40445, Yacobucci) Biofuels Incentives: Summary of Federal Programs (RL33572, Yacobucci) Agriculture-Based Renewable Energy Production (RL32712, Schnepf) Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress (R40168, Yacobucci) Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs (RL40110, Yacobucci) Biofuels Provisions in H.R. 3221 and H.R. 6: A Side-by-Side Comparison (RL34136, Yacobucci) Biomass: Comparison of Definitions in Legislation (R40529, Bracmort & Gorte)  Bush Energy Policy: Overview of Major Proposals and Legislative Action (RL31096, Holt) Calculation of Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Renewable Fuel Standard (R40460, Yacobucci & Bracmort) Cellulosic Biofuels: Analysis of Policy Issues for Congress (RL34738, Capeheart) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Legislation in the 109th Congress (RL32860, Sissine) Ethanol and Biofuels: Agriculture, Infrastructure, and Market Constraints Related to Expanded Production (RL33928, Yacobucci & Schnepf) Ethanol: Economic and Policy Issues (R40488, Capeheart) Ethanol and Other Biofuels: Potential for U.S.-Brazil Energy Cooperation (RL34191, Seelke & Yacobucci) European Union Biofuels Policy and Agriculture: An Overview (RS22404, Schnepf) Fuel Ethanol: Background and Public Policy Issues (RL30369, Yacobucci & Womach) Fuel Ethanol: Background and Public Policy Issues (RL33290, Yacobucci) Renewable Energy Policy: Tax Credit, Budget and Regulatory Issues (RL33588, Sissine) Selected Issues Related to an Expansion of the Renewable Fuel Standard (R40155, Yacobucci & Capeheart) Waiver Authority Under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) (RS22870, Yacobucci) Wind Power in the United States: Technology, Economic, and Policy Issues (RL34546, Logan & Kaplan)

Environmental Issues

Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Regulatory Issues (R41760, Tiemann & Vann) Preemption in Proposed Amendments to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Side-by-Side Analysis of S. 697 and H.R. 2576 (R44066, Wyatt) S. 1961 and H.R. 4024: Legislative Responses to a Chemical Storage Facility Spill (R43441, Copeland & Tiemann) Proposed Reform of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) in the 113th Congress: S. 1009 Compared with S. 696 and Current Statute (R43136, Yen) Hydraulic Fracturing: Selected Legal Issues (R43152, Vann et al.) Oil and Chemical Spills: Federal Emergency Response Framework (R43251, Bearden & Ramseur) The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative: Background and Issues (R43249, Sheikh) Background on and Implementation of the Bevill and Bentsen Exclusions in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act: EPA Authorities to Regulate “Special Wastes” (R43149, Luther) The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements (RL31905, Schierow) Chemical Facility Security: Issues and Options for the 113th Congress (R42918, Shea) Federal Programs Related to Indoor Pollution by Chemicals (R42620, Schierow & Bearden) The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA): A Summary (RL32683, Schierow) The Army Corps of Engineers’ Nationwide Permits Program: Issues and Regulatory Developments (97-223, Copeland) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act: A Summary of Superfund Cleanup Authorities and Related Provisions of the Act (R41039, Bearden) EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or On Track? (R41561, McCarthy et al.) Environmental Regulation and Agriculture (R41622, Stubbs et al.) Everglades Restoration and the River of Grass Land Acquisition (R41383, Stern et al.) CRS Issue Statement on Environmental Cleanup and Waste Management (IS40275, Ramseur) Oil Pollution Act of 1990: Liability of Responsible Parties (R41266, Nichols) 2010 Oil Spill: Minerals Management Service and National Environmental Policy Act (R41265, Alexander) Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act for Disaster Response, Recovery, and Mitigation Projects (RL34650, Luther) Environmental Laws: Summaries of Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (RL30798, Fletcher) Federal Pollution Control Laws: How Are They Enforced? (RL34384, Esworthy) National Environmental Policy Act: Background and Implementation (RL33152, Luther) National Environmental Policy Act: Streamlining NEPA (RL33267, Luther) Natural Resources Policy: Management, Institutions and Issues (RL33806, Vincent & Carter) Natural Resources: Selected Issues for the 109th Congress (RL32699, Carter & Vincent) Overview of National Environmental Policy Act Requirements (RS20621, Alexander) Superfund: Overview and Selected Issues (RL33426, Ramseur & Reisch)

Air Quality Issues and Animal Agriculture: A Primer (RL32948, Copeland)   Air Quality Issues and Animal Agriculture: EPA’s Air Compliance Agreement (RL32947, Copeland) Animal Waste and Hazardous Substances: Current Laws and Legislative Issues (RL33691, Copeland) Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA Regulation of CAFOs (RL31851, Copeland) Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA’s Response to the Waterkeeper Alliance Court Decision on Regulation of CAFOs (RL33656, Copeland)

Conservation

The National Wild and Scenic Rivers System: A Brief Overview (R42614, Johnson) Conservation Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) (R43504, Stubbs) Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitatio n (R42854, Stubbs) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): Status and Issues (R42783, Stubbs) Conservation Compliance and U.S. Farm Policy (R42459, Stubbs)   Agricultural Conservation and the Next Farm Bill (R42093,Stubbs) 2008 Farm Bill: Analysis of Tax-Related Conservation Reserve Program Proposals (RS22910, Pettit) Agricultural Conservation Issues in the 111th Congress (R40692, Stubbs) Agricultural Conservation Programs: A Scorecard (RL32940, Zinn & Cowan) Agricultural Conservation: A Guide to Programs (R40763, Stubbs) Conservation and Reinvestment Act (H.R. 201) and a Related Initiative in the 106th Congress (RL30444, Zinn & Corn) Conservation Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill (RL34557, Cowan & Johnson) Conservation Reserve Program: Legal Analysis of Proposed Legislation to Change the Structure and Taxation of Benefits Received (RS22851, Pettit) Conservation Reserve Program: Status and Current Issues (RS21613, Cowan) Conservation Reserve Program Payments: Self-Employment Income, Rental Income, or Something Else? (RL34457, Pettit) Conservation Security Program in the 2002 Farm Bill (RS21739, Johnson) Conservation Security Program: Implementation & Current Issues (RS21740, Cowan) Debt-for-Nature Initiatives and the Tropical Forest Conservation Act (RL31286, Sheikh) Environmental Quality Incentives Program: Status and Issues (R40197, Stubbs) Farm Protection Program: Status and Current Issues (RS22565, Johnson) Land and Water Conservation Fund: Current Status and Issues (RS21503, Zinn) Land Conversion in the Northern Plains (RL33950, Stubbs) Land & Water Conservation Fund: Overview, Funding History, Current Issues (RL33531, Vincent) Mandatory Funding for Agriculture Conservation Programs (RS22243, Zinn) Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Trout: Managing Under the Endangered Species Act (98-666, Buck) Reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act: A Comparison of Pending Bills and a Proposed Amendment with Current Law (RL33309, Sheikh et al.) Resource Conservation Title of the 2002 Farm Bill: Comparison of New Law with Bills and Prior Laws (RL31486, Zinn) Soil and Water Conservation: An Overview (RL33556, Zinn) South Florida Ecosystem Restoration and the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (RS20702, Sheikh & Carter) Technical Assistance for Agriculture Conservation (RL34069, Stubbs) Wetlands: An Overview of Issues (RL33483, Zinn & Copeland) Wilderness Laws: Permitted and Prohibited Uses (RL33827, Gorte)

2013 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5): Designating Nonattainment Areas (R43953, Esworthy) EPA’s Clean Power Plan: Implications for the Electric Power Sector (R44265, Campbell) Clean Air Issues in the 114th Congress: An Overview (R43851, McCarthy) An Overview of Air Quality Issues in Natural Gas Systems (R42986, Lattanzio) U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Recent Trends and Factors (R43795, Ramseur) Ozone Air Quality Standards: EPA’s 2015 Revision (R43092, McCarthy) EPA’s Proposed Wood Stove / Wood Heater Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions (R43489, McCarthy) The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Particulate Matter (PM): EPA’s 2006 Revisions and Associated Issues (RL34762, Esworthy) Air Quality: EPA’s 2013 Changes to the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard (R42934, Esworthy) Clean Air Issues in the 113th Congress: An Overview (R42895, McCarthy) Air Quality: EPA’s 2012 Proposed Changes to the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard (R42671, Esworthy) EPA’s Boiler MACT: Controlling Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants (R41459, McCarthy) Air Quality: EPA’s 2006 Changes to the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard (RL33254, McCarthy) Clean Air Act Issues in the 109th Congress (RL33552, McCarthy) Clean Air Act Issues in the 110th Congress: Implementation and Oversight (RL33776, McCarthy) Clean Air Act Issues in the 111th Congress (R40145, McCarthy) Costs and Benefits of Clear Skies: EPA’s Analysis of Multi-Pollutant Clean Air Bills (RL33165, McCarthy & Parker) Methyl Bromide and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (RS20863, Morrissey) Regulation of Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions: State and Federal Standards (RS22788, Yacobucci)

EPA Policies Concerning Integrated Planning and Affordability of Water Infrastructure (R44223, Copeland) Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA): A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements (RL31243, Tiemann) EPA and the Army Corps’ Proposed “Waters of the United States” Rule: Congressional Response and Options (R43943, Copeland) Nutrients in Agricultural Production: A Water Quality Overview (R43919, Stubbs) Water Quality Issues in the 114th Congress: An Overview (R43867, Copeland) Allocation of Wastewater Treatment Assistance: Formula and Other Changes (RL31073, Copeland) Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law (RS20028, Copeland) Wastewater Treatment: Overview and Background (98-323, Copeland) EPA and the Army Corps’ Rule to Define “Waters of the United States” (R43455, Copeland) Green Infrastructure and Issues in Managing Urban Stormwater (R43131, Copeland) Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF): Program Overview and Issues (RS22037, Tiemann) Whether Logging Road Runoff Requires a Clean Water Act Permit: Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center  (R42587, Meltz & Copeland) Water Quality Issues in the 113th Congress: An Overview (R42883, Copeland) Clean Water Act and Pollutant Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) (R42752, Copeland) Stormwater Permits: Status of EPA’s Regulatory Program (97-290, Copeland) The Supreme Court Allows Pre-enforcement Review of Clean Water Act Section 404 Compliance Orders: Sackett v. EPA (R42450, Meltz) Cooling Water Intake Structures: Summary of EPA’s Proposed Rule (R41786, Copeland) Water Quality Issues in the 112th Congress: Oversight and Implementation (R41594, Copeland) Water Quality Bills in the Remainder of the 111th Congress (R41517, Copeland) Oil Spills in U.S. Coastal Waters: Background and Governance (RL33705, Ramseur) Water Quality Issues in the 111th Congress: Oversight and Implementation (R40098, Copeland) Outer Continental Shelf Moratoria on Oil and Gas Development (R41132, Hagerty) Potential Stafford Act Declarations for the Gulf Coast Oil Spill: Issues for Congress (R41234, McCarthy) Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Coastal Wetland and Wildlife Impacts and Response (R41311, Corn & Copeland) Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster: Risk, Recovery and Insurance Implications (R41320, King) Tax Issues and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill: Legal Analysis of Payments and Tax Relief Policy Options (R41323, Sherlock et al.) Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Highlighted Actions and Issues (R41407, Hagerty & Ramseur) Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Selected Issues for Congress (R41262, Hagerty & Ramseur) Safe Drinking Water Act: Selected Regulatory and Legislative Issues (RL34201, Tiemann) Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law (RL30030, Copeland) Clean Water Act Section 401: Background and Issues (97-488, Copeland) Clean Water Act and Total Maximum Daily Loads of Pollutants (97-831, Copeland) Clean Water Action Plan: Background and Early Implementation (98-150, Copeland) Coastal Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration: Recommended Corps Plan (RS22110, Zinn) Coastal Louisiana: Attempting to Restore an Ecosystem (RL32673, Zinn) Controversies over Redefining “Fill Material” Under the Clean Water Act (RL31411, Copeland) Water Quality: Implementing the Clean Water Act (RL33466, Copeland) Water Quality Initiatives and Agriculture (RL30437, Copeland) Water Quality Issues in the 110th Congress: Oversight and Implementation (RL33800, Copeland) Wetlands Coverage of the Clean Water Act Is Revisited by the Supreme Court: Rapanos v. United States (RL33263, Meltz & Copeland)

Bee Health: The Role of Pesticides (R43900, Johnson & Corn) Bee Health: The Role of Pesticides (R42855, Schierow et al.) Pesticide Law: A Summary of the Statutes (RL31921, Schierow) Pesticide Registration and Tolerance Fees: An Overview (RL32218, Esworthy) Pesticide Use and Water Quality: Are the Laws Complementary or in Conflict? (RL32884, Copeland)

Invasive Species: Control Options and Issues for Congress (R44011, Corn & Johnson) Invasive Species: Issues in Brief (R44049, Corn & Johnson) Hunting and Fishing: Issues and Legislation in the 113th Congress (R43629, Corn) The Lacey Act: Protecting the Environment by Restricting Trade (R42067, Alexander) Wilderness: Legislation and Issues in the 113th Congress (R41610, Hoover et al.) Invasive Species: Major Laws and the Role of Selected Federal Agencies (R43258, Corn & Johnson) The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 113th Congress: New and Recurring Issues (R42945, Buck et al.) Hunting, Fishing, Recreational Shooting, and Other Wildlife Measures: S. 3525 (R42751, Corn et al.) The Gray Wolf and the Endangered Species Act (ESA): A Brief Legal History (R41730, Alexander) The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 112th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices (R41608, Buck et al.) Asian Carp and the Great Lakes Region (R41082, Buck et al.) Ballast Water Management to Combat Invasive Species (RL32344, Buck) 2010 Oil Spill: Criminal Liability Under Wildlife Laws (R41308, Alexander) Endangered Species Act in the 111th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices (R40185, Buck et al.) Endangered Species Act, Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and Department of Defense Readiness Activities: Background and Current Law (RL31415, Baldwin) Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program: Status and Current Issues (RS22603, Stubbs & Zinn) Gray Wolves Under the Endangered Species Act: Distinct Population Segments and Experimental Populations (RL34238, Alexander & Corn) Endangered Species Act: A Primer (RL31654, Baldwin, et al.) Endangered Species Act and Claims for Property Rights “Takings” (RL31796, Meltz) Endangered Species Act, Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and Department of Defense Readiness Activities: Current Law and Legislative Proposals (RL31415, Baldwin) Endangered Species Act and “Sound Science” (RL32992, Buck & Corn) Endangered Species Act in the 109th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices (RL33468, Buck & Corn) Endangered Species Act in the 110th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices (RL33779, Buck, et al.) Endangered Species Act Issues Regarding Columbia Basin Salmon and Steelhead (R40169, Alexander & Buck) Endangered Species List Revisions: A Summary of Delisting and Downlisting (98-32, Noecker) Global Climate Change and Wildlife (RS22597, Scheikh, et al.) Invasive Non-Native Species: Background and Issues for Congress (RL30123, Corn, et al.) Marine Mammal Protection Act: Reauthorization Issues (RL30120, Buck) Multinational Species Conservation Fund (RS21157, Sheikh & Corn) Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Trout: Managing Under the Endangered Species Act (98-666, Buck) Proposed Changes to Regulations Governing Consultation Under the Endangered Species Act (RL34641, Alexander & Corn) Reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act: A Comparison of Pending Bills and a Proposed Amendment with Current Law (RL33309, Sheikh et al.) What Happens to the Bald Eagle Now That It Is Not Protected Under the Endangered Species Act? (RL34174, Alexander) Wilderness: Overview and Statistics (RL31447, Gorte) Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program: Status and Current Issues (R40051, Stubbs)

Other Issues

Federal Efforts to Control Invasive Plant and Animal Species , (IF10217, Johnson & Crafton) The Office of Surface Mining’s Proposed Stream Protection Rule: An Overview (R44150, Copeland) Heritage Areas: Background, Proposals, and Current Issues (RL33462, Vincent & Comay) Shale Energy Technology Assessment: Current and Emerging Water Practices (R43636, Tiemann et al.) Oil Sands and the Keystone XL Pipeline: Background and Selected Environmental Issues (R42611, Ramseur et al.) Environmental Requirements Addressed During Corps Civil Works Project Planning: Background and Issues for Congress (R43209, Luther) Injurious Species Listings Under the Lacey Act: A Legal Briefing (R43170, Alexander) The Lacey Act: Compliance Issues Related to Importing Plants and Plant Products (R42119, Sheikh) Everglades Restoration: Federal Funding and Implementation Progress (R42007, Stern) Mountaintop Mining: Background on Current Controversies (RS21421, Copeland) Hydraulic Fracturing: Chemical Disclosure Requirements (R42461, Murrill & Vann) Oil and Natural Gas Industry Tax Issues in the FY2010 Budget Proposal (R41669, Pirog) Tax Reform: An Overview of Proposals in the 112th Congress (R41591, Bickley) Civil Works Program of the Army Corps of Engineers: A Primer (RS20866, Carter & Cody) Drought in the United States: Causes and Issues for Congress (RL34580, Folger, et al.) Managing Regional Growth: Is There a Role for Congress? (RS20011, Zinn) Marine Protected Areas: An Overview (RL32154, Zinn & Buck) Precision Ag and Site-Specific Management: Current Status and Emerging Policy Issues (RL30630, Cowan) Precision Agriculture: a Primer (RS20515, Cowan) Survey of Recent State Policies to Manage Growth and Protect Open Space (RL31656, Zinn)

Estate Planning and Taxation

Recently Expired Charitable Tax Provisions (“Tax Extenders”): In Brief (R43517, Gravelle & Sherlock) Recently Expired Community Assistance-Related Tax Provisions (“Tax Extenders”): In Brief (R43541, Lowry) Cash Versus Accrual Accounting: Tax Policy Considerations (R44002, Gnanarajah & Keightley) Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 (“Tax Extenders”) (R43898, Sherlock) Selected Recently Expired Individual Tax Provisions (“Extenders”): In Brief (R43688, Gravelle) Memorandum: IRS Final Rule on Treatment of Expenditures for Repair/Maintenance of Depreciable Assets (Gary Guenther) Corporate Expatriation, Inversions, and Mergers: Tax Issues (R43568, Marples & Gravelle) Selected Recently Expired Business Tax Provisions (“Tax Extenders”) (R43510, Gavelle et al.) Bonus Depreciation: Economic and Budgetary Issues (R43432, Gravelle) The Mortgage Interest and Property Tax Deductions: Analysis and Options (R41596, Keightley) Tax Provisions Expiring in 2013 (“Tax Extenders”) (R43124, Sherlock) Tax Reform in the 113th Congress: An Overview of Proposals (R43060, Sherlock) The Federal Estate, Gift, and Generation-Skipping Transfer Taxes (95-416, Lanza) Research Tax Credit: Current Law, Legislation in the 113th Congress, and Policy Issues (RL31181, Guenther) An Overview of the Tax Provisions in the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (R42894, Crandall-Hollick) Tax Deductions for Individuals: A Summary (R42872, Lowry) An Overview of Tax Provisions Expiring in 2012 (R42485, Crandall-Hollick) An Overview and Comparison of Proposals to Extend the “Bush Tax Cuts”: S. 3412, S. 3413, H.R. 8 (R42622, Crandall-Hollick) 501(c)(4)s and the Gift Tax: Legal Analysis (R42655, Luckey & Lunder) Section 179 and Bonus Depreciation Expensing Allowances: Current Law, Legislative Proposals in the 112th Congress, and Economic Effects (RL31852, Guenther) Asset Distribution of Taxable Estates: An Analysis (RS20593, Maguire) Calculating Estate Tax Liability: 2001-2011 and Beyond (RL33718, Noto) Capital Gains Taxes: An Overview (96-769, Gravelle) Economic Issues Surrounding the Estate and Gift Tax: A Brief Summary (RS20609, Gravelle) Estate Taxes and Family Businesses: Economic Issues (RL33070, Gravelle & Maguire) Estate and Gift Taxes: Economic Issues (RL30600, Gravelle & Maguire) H.R. 8: The Death Tax Elimination Act of 2001 (RL30912, Noto)

Farm Bills/Economic Stimulus

Farm Safety-Net payments Under the 2014 Farm Bill: Comparison by Program Crop , (R44914, Schenpf) Farm Bill Primer Series: A Guide to Omnibus Legislation and Food Programs , (R44913, McMinimy) Previewing a 2018 Farm Bill, (R44784, Johnson) Farm Bill Programs Without a Budget Baseline Beyond , FY2018, (R44758, Monke) U.S. Farm Program Eligibility and Payment Limits , (R44739, Schnepf & Stubbs) Farm Bill Primer: Budget Issues , (IF10783, Monke) Farm Bill Primer: Programs Without Baselines Beyond FY2018 , (IF10780, Monke) Farm Bill Primer: Dairy Safety Net , (IF10750, Greene) Farm Bill Primer: Program Eligibility and Payment Limits , (IF10722, Schnepf & Stubbs) Farm Bill Primer: Title I Commodity Programs , (IF10718, Schnepf) Farm Bill Primer: The Marketing Assistance Loan Program , (IF10714, Schnepf) Farm Bill Primer: ARC  and PLC Support Programs , (IF10711, Schnepf) Farm Bill Primer: Disaster Assistance Programs , (IF10698, Stubbs) Farm Bill Primer: Sugar Program, (IF10689, McMinimy) Farm Bill Primer: Forestry Title , (IF10681, Hoover), Farm Bill Primer: The Conservation Title , (IF10679, Stubbs) Farm Bill Primer: Snap and Other Nutrition Title Programs , (IF10633, Aussenberg) Farm Bill Primer: Federal Programs Supporting New Farmers , (IF10641, Johnson et al.) Farm Bill Primer: Energy Title , (IF10639, Bracmort) Farm Bill Primer: The Farm Safety Net, (IF10638, Schnepf) Farm Bill Primer: Trade and Export Promotion Programs , IF10637, Johnson & McMinimy) Farm Bill Primer: Rural Development Title Provisions , (IF10629, Cowan) Farm Bill Primer: Horticulture Title Provisions , (IF10624, Johnson) Expanding Federal Support for Urban Agriculture , (IF10498, Johnson) Overview of Bioenergy Programs in the 2014 Farm Bill , (IF10288, McMinimy) The 2014 Farm Bill (Agricultural Act of 2014) , (IF10187, Johnson & Monke) Farm Bill: CRS Experts (R42598, Chite) Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers and the TAA Reauthorization Act of 2015 (R44153, Collins) Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers: Reauthorization Proposals in the 114th Congress, In Brief (R44009, Collins) 2014 Farm Bill Provisions and WTO Compliance (R43817, Schnepf) The Farm Safety Net: In Brief (R43758, Shields) Specialty Crop Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) (R43632, Johnson) Dairy Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) (R43465, Schnepf) In Focus: The 2014 Farm Bill (Agricultural Act of 2014, P.L. 113-79) (IF00014, Monke) Farm Commodity Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) (R43448, Shields) The 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79): Summary and Side-by-Side (R43076, Chite et al.) Expiration and Extension of the 2008 Farm Bill (R42442, Monke, et al.) The Next Farm Bill: Changing the Treatment of LIHEAP Receipt in the Calculation of SNAP Benefits (R42591, Aussenberg & Perl) The 2013 Farm Bill: A Comparison of the Senate-Passed (S. 954) and House-Passed (H.R. 2642, H.R. 3102) Bills with Current Law (R43076, Chite et al.) Farm Safety Net Provisions in a 2013 Farm Bill: S. 954 and H.R. 2642 (R42759, Shields & Schnepf) Dairy Policy Proposals in the Next Farm Bill (R42736, Schnepf) Budget Issues Shaping a Farm Bill in 2013 (R42484, Monke) Entitlements and Appropriated Entitlements in the Federal Budget Process (RS20129, Heniff) What Is the Farm Bill? (RS22131, Johnson & Monke) The Senate Agriculture Committee’s 2012 Farm Bill (S. 3240): A Side-by-Side Comparison with Current Law (R42552, Chite) Expiring Farm Bill Programs Without a Budget Baseline (R41433, Monke) Previewing the Next Farm Bill (R42357, Chite) Dairy Farm Support: Legislative Proposals in the 112th Congress (R42065, Shields) The Small Business Lending Fund (R42045, Dilger) Farm Safety Net Proposals for the 2012 Farm Bill (R42040, Shields & Schnepf) Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S. Trade Policy (R41922, Hornbeck, et al.) Farm Safety Net Programs: Issues for the Next Farm Bill (R41317, Shields et al.) Previewing the Next Farm Bill: Unfunded and Early-Expiring Provisions (R41433, Monke) Actual Farm Bill Spending and Cost Estimates (R41195, Monke & Johnson) Previewing Dairy Policy Options for the Next Farm Bill (R41141, Shields) 2002 Farm Bill: Comparison of Commodity Support Provisions with the House and Senate Proposals (RL31524, Womach) 2002 Farm Bill: Overview and Status (RL31195, Womach) 2002 Farm Law at a Glance (RS21233, Becker) 2008 Farm Bill: Major Provisions and Legislative Actions (RL34696, Johnson, et al.) 2008 Farm Bill: Analysis of Tax-Related Conservation Reserve Program Proposals (RS22910, Pettit) Agricultural Exports and the 2007 Farm Bill (RL34227, Hanrahan) Agricultural Export Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill (RS22905, Hanrahan) Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education: Farm Bill Issues (RL34352, Rawson) Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension in the 2007 Farm Bill (RS22693, Rawson) Agriculture, Nutrition, and Rural Provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (R40160, Monke et al.) Animal Agriculture: 2007 Farm Bill Issues (RL33958, Becker & Johnson) Biofuels in the 2007 Energy and Farm Bills: A Side-by-Side Comparison (RL34239, Yacobucci & Schnepf) Comparison of the House and Senate 2007 Farm Bills (RL34228, Johnson, et al.) Conservation and the 2007 Farm Bill (RL34060, Zinn) Crop Insurance and Disaster Assistance in the 2008 Farm Bill (RL34207, Chite) Dairy Policy and the 2008 Farm Bill (RL34036, Chite) Domestic Food Assistance: The Farm Bill and Other Legislation in the 110th Congress (RL33829, Richardson) Energy Provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (R40412, Sissine, et al.) Energy Provisions of the Farm Bill: Comparison of the New Law with Previous Law and House and Senate Bills (RL31271, Yacobucci) Environmental Services Markets: Farm Bill Proposals (RL34042, Johnson) Exposure of U.S. Farm Policy to Challenge Under WTO Rules: A Powerpoint Summary (WD06001, Schnepf & Womach) Farm Bill Budget and Costs: 2002 vs. 2007 (RS22694, Chite) Farm Bill Proposals and Legislative Action in the 110th Congress (RL33934, Johnson) Farm Bill Trade and Food Aid Provisions (RS20997, Becker) Farm Commodity Programs in the 2008 Farm Bill (RL34594, Monke) Farm Legislation and Taxes in the 110th Congress (RS22759, Brumbaugh) Forestry in the 2007 Farm Bill (RL33917, Gorte) Food Stamps and Nutrition Programs in the 2002 Farm Bill (RL33690, Richardson) Funding Levels for Conservation Programs in the 2007 Farm Bill (RL34178, Zinn) The House-Passed 2007 Farm Bill (H.R. 2419) at a Glance (RL34113, Johnson, et al.) International Food Aid and the 2007 Farm Bill (RL34145, Hanrahan) Legal Analysis of the Conservation Easement Tax Credit in the Senate Version of H.R. 2419 (RL34338, Alexander & Lundser) A New Farm Bill: Comparing the 2002 Law with Previous Law and House and Senate Bills (RL31704, Jones) Possible Expiration (or Extension)of the 2002 Farm Bill (RL34154, Monke, et al.) Previewing a 2007 Farm Bill (RL33037, Womach) Renewable Energy Policy in the 2008 Farm Bill (RL34130, Schnepf) Rural Development and the 2007 Farm Bill (RL34126, Cowan) Specialty Crops: 2008 Farm Bill Issues (RL33520, Rawson) Sugar Policy and the 2007 Farm Bill (RL34103, Jurenas) What Is a Farm Bill? (RL30956, Jones)

Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 114th Congress (R44230, Bruno et al.) Agricultural Guest Workers: Legislative Activity in the 113th Congress (R43161, Bruno) Brief History of Comprehensive Immigration Reform Efforts in the 109th and 110th Congresses to Inform Policy Discussions in the 113th Congress (R42980, Wassem) Temporary Protected Status: Current Immigration Policy and Issues (RS20844, Wasem & Ester) Authority of State and Local Police to Enforce Federal Immigration Law (R41423, Garcia & Manuel) Immigration Visa Issuances and Grounds for Exclusion: Policy and Trends (R41104, Wasem) Immigration Reform Issues in the 111th Congress (R40501, Wasem) Unauthorized Aliens in the United States (R41207, Bruno) Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006: Potential Labor Market Effects of the Guest Worker Program (RL33772, Mayer) The Effects of U.S. Farm Workers on an Agricultural Guest Worker Program (95-712, Levine) Farm Labor Shortages and Immigration Policy (RL30395, Levine) Immigration of Foreign Workers: Labor Market Tests and Protections (RL33977, Wasem) Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs (RL32044, Bruno) Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 109th Congress (RL33125, Bruno, et al.) Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 110th Congress (RL34204, Bruno, et al.) Temporary Farm Labor: The H-2A Program and the U.S. Department of Labor’s Proposed Changes in the Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR) (RL34739, Mayer Unauthorized Employment in the United States: Issues and Options (RL33973, Bruno) U.S. Immigration Policy on Temporary Admissions (RL31381, Wasem & Haddal)

General & Social Welfare

Farm Labor: The Adverse Effect Wage Rate (RL32861, Whittaker) Labor Practices in the Meat Packing and Poultry Processing Industry: An Overview (RL33002, Whittaker) Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Workers: Protective Statutes (RL33372, Whittaker) Trade Promotion Authority Renewal: Core Labor Standards Issues: A Brief Overview (RS22608, Bolle) Trade Promotion Authority (TPA)/Fast-Track Renewal: Labor Issues (RL33864, Bolle)

Farm Commodity Programs

EU Agricultural Support: Overview and Comparison with the United States , ( R44524, Schnepf) When Congressional Legislation Interferes with Existing Contracts: Legal Issues (R42635, Meltz) Risk Management Tools for Dairy Farmers (R41854, Shields) Implications of Reactivating the Dairy Export Incentive Program (R40584, Shields & Hanrahan) Biomass Crop Assistance Program: Status and Issues (R41296, Stubbs) Sugar Policy Issues (R40995, Jurenas) Dairy Pricing Issues (R40903, Shields) Average Farm Subsidy Payments by State, 2002 (RL32590, Womach) Comparing Quota Buyout Payments for Peanuts and Tobacco (RS21642, Womach) Cotton Production and Support in the U.S. (RL32442, Womach) Dairy Policy Issues (RL33475, Chite) Eliminating the Planting Restrictions on Fruits and Vegetables in the Farm Commodity Programs (RL34019, Johnson & Monke) Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology 1933-2002 (96-900, Becker) Farm Commodity Policy: Programs and Issues for Congress (RS21999, Monke) Farm Commodity Proposals in the President’s FY2010 Budget (R40442, Monke) Farm “Counter-Cyclical Assistance” (RS20913, Becker & Womach) Farm and Food Support Under USDA’s Section 32 Program (RL34081, Shields) Farm Commodity Policy: Base Acreage and Planting Flexibility (RS21615, Monke) Farm Commodity Programs: A Short Primer (RS20848, Becker) Farm Commodity Programs: Direct Payments, Counter-Cyclical Payments, and Marketing Loans (RL33271, Monke) Farm Commodity Programs: Honey (RS20759, Canada) Fruits, Vegetables, and Other Specialty Crops: A Primer on Government Programs (RL32746, Rawson) High Agricultural Commodity Prices: What Are the Issues (RL34474, Schnepf) Livestock Price Reporting: Background (RS21994, Becker) Measuring Equity in Farm Support Levels (RL34053, Womach & Schnepf) A New Farm Program Option: Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) (R40422, Shields) Payment Limits for Farm Commodity Programs: Issues and Proposals (RS21493, Monke) Peanut Program: Evolution from Supply Management to Market Orientation (RL30924, Jurenas) Price Determination in Agricultural Commodity Markets: A Primer (RL33204, Schnepf) Sugar Policy Issues (RL33541, Jurenas) Tobacco Farmer Assistance (RS20802, Womach) Tobacco Price Support: An Overview of the Program (95-129, Womach) Tobacco Quota Buyout (RS22046, Womach) Tobacco-Related Programs and Activities of the USDA: Operation and Cost (97-417, Womach) Trade Adjustment Assistance for Farmers (R40206, Jurenas) Wool and Mohair Price Supports (RS20896, Canada)

Farm Policy and Legislative Analysis

109th Congress

Agricultural Issues in the 109th Congress (RS22013, Chite) Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 109th Congress (RL32733, Sullivan et al.)

110th Congress

Agricultural Issues in the 110th Congress (RS22552, Chite) Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 110th Congress (RL33828, Sullivan, et al.)

Federal Loan Programs

Garcia v. Vilsack : A Policy and Legal Analysis of a USDA Discrimination Case (R40988, Feder & Cowan) The Pigford Case: USDA Settlement of a Discrimination Suit by Black Farmers (RS20430, Feder & Cowan)

Finance and Credit

Farm Credit Administration Board Members , (IF10767, Monke) The Commodity Credit Corporation: In Brief , (R44606, Stubbs) SBA Office of Advocacy: Overview, History, and Current Issues (R43625, Dilger) SBA New Markets Venture Capital Program (R42565, Dilger) Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (R40860, Dilger) “Regulatory Relief” for Banking: Selected Legislation in the 114th Congress (R44035, Hoskins et al.) Small Business Management and Technical Assistance Training Programs (R41352, Dilger) Small Business Administration 504/CDC Loan Guaranty Program (R41184, Dilger) The SBA Disaster Loan Program: Overview and Possible Issues for Congress (R41309, Lindsay) Small Business Administration HUBZone Program (R41268, Dilger) Small Business Administration Microloan Program (R41057, Dilger) Independence of Federal Financial Regulators (R43391, Hogue et al.) Small Business: Access to Capital and Job Creation (R40985, Dilger) State Small Business Credit Initiative: Implementation and Funding Issues (R42581, Dilger) Small Business Administration: A Primer on Programs  (RL33243, Dilger & Lowry) Small Business Administration 7(a) Loan Guaranty Program (R41146, Dilger) Agricultural Credit: Farm Bill Issues (RS21977, Monke)   Conservation Reserve Payments and Self-Employment Taxes (RS20564, Morris) Farm Credit Services of America Ends Attempt to Leave the Farm Credit System (RS21919, Monke) Farm Credit System (RS21278, Monke) Farm Service Agency: State Executive Directors, and State and County/Local Area Committees (R40179, Canada)

Food Safety

China’s Efforts to Address Ongoing Food Safety Concerns (IF10465, Johnson) Efforts to Address the Safety of FDA-Regulated Food Imports , (IF10403, Johnson) Food Safety Issues: FDA Judicial Enforcement Actions (R43927, Lanza) Legal Issues with Federal Labeling of Genetically Engineered Food: In Brief  (R43705, Lanza) Implementation of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA, P.L. 111-353) (R43724, Johnson) Food Recalls and Other FDA Administrative Enforcement Actions (R43794, Lanza) Revision of the Nutrition Facts Label: Proposed Rules (R43733, Dabrowska) Food Fraud and “Economically Motivated Adulteration” of Food and Food Ingredients (R43358, Johnson) Food Safety Issues for the 113th Congress (R42885, Johnson) Lean Finely Textured Beef: The “Pink Slime” Controversy (R42473, Greene) Food Safety Issues for the 112th Congress (R41629, Johnson) Food Safety: Foodborne Illness and Selected Recalls of FDA-Regulated Foods (R40916, Lister & Becker) BSE (“Mad Cow Disease”): A Brief Overview (RS22345, Becker) Dietary Supplements: Legislative and Regulatory Status (RL30887, Porter) FDA Authority to Oversee Private Laboratories that Analyze Imported FDA-Regulated Food (R40109, Burrows) FDA Fast Track and Priority Review Programs (RS22814, Thaul) FDA’s Authority to Recall Products (RL34167, Burrows) FDA Authority to Regulate On-Farm Activity (RS22939, Burrows) Federal Food Safety System: A Primer (RS22600, Becker & Porter) Federal Regulation of Substances Generally Recognied As Safe (GRAS) and the Use of Carbon Monoxide in Packaging for Meat and Fish (RL34247, Burrows & Brougher) Food Labeling: Allergy Information (RS20975, Porter) Food Safety on the Farm: Federal Programs and Selected Proposals (RL34612, Becker) Food Safety and Protection Issues in the 107th Congress (IB10099, Vogt & Rawson) Food Safety Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill (RS22886, Becker) Food Safety: Provisions in the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 (RS22779, Porter) Food Safety: Federal and State Response to the Spinach E. coli Outbreak (RL33722, Porter & Lister) Food Safety: National Uniformity for Food Act (RL33559, Porter) Food Safety: Oversight and Current Issues (RS22734, Becker) Food Safety Issues in the 109th Congress (RL31853, Vogt) Food Safety: Selected Issues and Bills in the 110th Congress (RL34152, Becker) Food Safety: Selected Issues and Bills in the 111th Congress: H.R. 2749 and S. 510 (R40443, Johnson et al.) Health and Safety Concerns Over U.S. Imports of Chinese Products: An Overview (RS22713, Morrison) Impact of Food Insecurity and Hunger on Global Health: Issues for Congress (R40127, Salaam-Blyther & Hanrahan) Meat and Poultry Inspection: Background and Selected Issues (RL32922, Becker) Nutrition Labeling: Fresh Meats (RS20652, Porter) Pesticide Residue Regulation: Analysis of Food Quality Protection Act Implementation (RS20043, Schierow) Regulation of Plant-Based Pharmaceuticals (RS21418, Becker & Vogt) Seafood Safety: Background and Issues (RS22797, Becker & Upton) State-Inspected Meat and Poultry: Issues for Congress (RL34202, Becker) USDA Meat Inspection and the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (RS22819, Becker) USDA’s Authority to Recall Meat and Poultry Products (RL34313, Brougher & Becker) U.S. Food and Agricultural Imports: Safeguards and Selected Issues (RL34198, Becker)

Food Security/Aid

Food Security

The Role of Local and Regional Food Systems in U.S. Farm Policy ,(R44390 , Johnson) Global Food Security Act of 2016 (P.L. 114-195) , (IF10475, Hammons) Uniform Date Labeling of Food May Address Food Waste , (IF10398, Johnson) Policy Issues Involving Food Loss and Waste , (IF10317, Johnson) Childhood Overweight and Obesity: Data Brief (R41420, Dabrowska) Poverty in the United States: 2013 (RL33069, Gabe) Consumers and Food Price Inflation (R40545, Schnepf & Richardson) Food Price Inflation: Causes and Impacts (RS22859, Capehart & Richardson)

Domestic Aid Programs

Older Americans Act: Nutrition Services Program , (IF10633, Colello) Updated Standards for SNAP-Authorized Retailers: Final Rule , (R44650, Aussenberg) Improving Child Nutrition Integrity and Access Act of 2016: In Brief (R44373, Aussenberg) Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Frequently Asked Questions (R44360, Dabrowska) A Primer on WIC: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (R44115, Aussenberg) Poverty in the United States in 2014: In Brief (R44211, Dalaker) School Meals Programs and Other USDA Child Nutrition Programs: A Primer (R43783,  Aussenberg)   Reauthorization of SNAP and Other Nutrition Programs in the Next Farm Bill: Issues for the 113th Congress (R43332, Aussenberg) Background on the Scheduled Reduction to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Benefits  (R43257, Aussenberg & Falk) Drug Testing and Crime-Related Restrictions in TANF, SNAP, and Housing Assistance (R42394, McCarty et al.) Domestic Food Assistance in 2012 Farm Bill Proposals: S. 3240 and H.R. 6083 (R42829, Aussenberg) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): A Primer on Eligibility and Benefits (R42505, Aussenberg) The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Categorical Eligibility (R42054, Falk & Aussenberg) Domestic Food Assistance: Summary of Programs (R42353, Aussenberg & Colello) The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions (RL32760, Falk) The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Block Grant: Issues for the 112th Congress (R41781, Falk) Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 112th Congress (R41662, Isaacs & Whittaker) Upcoming Unemployment Insurance Benefit Expirations (R41508, Isaacs) Reducing SNAP (Food Stamp) Benefits Provided by the ARRA: P.L. 111-226 & S. 3307 (R41374, Richardson et al.) Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization: Issues and Legislation in the 111th Congress (R41354, Richardson) Federal Response to Calls for Increased Aid from USDA’s Food Assistance Programs (R41076, Richardson) Child Nutrition and WIC Programs: A Brief Overview (R40397, Richardson) Charitable Contribution of Food Inventory: Proposals for Change (RL31097, Talley & Jackson) Child Nutrition and WIC Programs: Background and Recent Funding (RL33307, Richardson) Child Nutrition and WIC Legislation in the 108th and 109th Congresses (RL33299, Richardson) Child Nutrition and WIC Programs: Background and Recent Funding (RL33307, Richardson) Domestic Food Assistance: Legislative Issues in the 110th Congress (RL33829, Richardson) Emergency Food and Shelter Program (RS22286, Perl) Farm and Food Support Under USDA’s Section 32 Program (RS20235, Becker) Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (RS21202, O’Shaughnessy) State Policies on Immigrant Eligibility for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) (RL32363, Wasem) TANF: A Guide to the New Definitions of What Counts as Work Participation (RS22490, Falk) TANF Cash Benefits as of January 1, 2004 (RL32598, Walters et al.) TANF Reauthorization: Side-by-Side Comparison of Current Law and Two Versions of H.R. 4 (108th Congress) (RL32210, Burke & Falk) TANF Reauthorization: Side-by-Side Comparison of Current Law, S. 667, and H.R. 240 (TANF Provisions) (RL32834, Falk) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: A Primer on TANF Financing and Federal Requirements (RL32748, Falk) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: FY2007 Budget Proposals (RS22385, Falk)

International Aid Programs

U.S. International Food Aid Programs , (IF10194, Schnepf) Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy (R40213, Tarnoff & Lawson) The Obama Administration’s Feed the Future Initiative (R44216, Schnef) International Food Aid: U.S. and Other Donor Contributions (RS21279, Hanrahan & Canada) Foreign Operations Appropriations: General Provisions (R40557, Rennack, et al.) Instability and Humanitarian Conditions in Chad (RS22798, Ploch) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations (R40089, Rennack) Multilateral Development Banks: U.S. Contributions FY1998-FY2009 (RS20792, Sanford) International Food Aid Programs: Background and Issues (R41072, Schnepf) U.S. Global Food Security Initiative: Issues for Congress (R40945, Hanrahan & Ho) Agricultural Export and Food Aid Programs (RL33553, Hanrahan) Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust: Background and Current Issues (RS21234, Hanrahan) Foreign Aid Reform: Issues for Congress and Policy Options (RL34243, Veiliette) Haiti: Legislative Responses to the Food Crisis and Related Development Challenges (RS22879, Seelke & Hornbeck) Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami: Food Aid Needs and the U.S. Response (RS22027, Hanrahan) International Disasters and Humanitarian Assistance: U.S. Governmental Response (RL32714, Margesson) International Food Aid Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill (RS22900, Hanrahan) Iraq: Oil-For-Food Program, Illicit Trade, and Investigations (RL30472, Katzman & Blanchard) Local and Regional Procurement for U.S. International Food Emergency Food Aid (R40759, Hanrahan) Restructuring U.S. Foreign Aid: Role of the Director of Foreign Assistance (RL33491, Nowels & Veillette) Rising Food Prices and Global Food Needs: U.S. Response (RL34478, Hanrahan) U.S. Assistance to North Korea: Fact Sheet (RS21834, Manyin) U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean (RL32487, Veillete)

National Forest System Management: Overview, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress (R43872, Hoover) Wildfire Spending: Background, Issues, and Legislation in the 114th Congress (R44082, Hoover et al.) Forestry Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) (R43431, Hoover) Wildfire Protection in the Wildland-Urban Interface (RS21880, Bracmort) Wildfire Management: Federal Funding and Related Statistics (R43077, Bracmort) Forest Service Payments to Counties’ Title I of the Federal Forests County Revenue, Schools, and Jobs Act of 2012: Issues for Congress (R42452, Corn & Alexander) Federal Assistance for Wildfire Response and Recovery (R41858, Gorte) orestry in the Next Farm Bill (R41213, Gorte) International Forestry Issues in Climate Change Bills: Comparison of Provisions of S. 1733 and H.R. 2454 (R40990, Sheikh & Gorte) Bali Agreements and Forests (RS22806, Gorte & Sheikh) California Wildfires and Federal Assistance (RS22744, Gorte) Carbon Sequestration in Forests (RL31432, Gorte) Federal Lands Managed by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service (RL33596, Gorte, et al.) Federal Lands Provisions of Economic Stimulus Legislation (R40217, Vincent) Forest Ecosystem Health: An Overview (RS20822, Gorte) Forest Fire/Wildfire Protection (RL30755, Gorte) Forest Health: Overview (95-548, Gorte) Forest Roads: Construction and Financing (98-706, Gorte) Forest Service Receipt-Sharing Payments: Proposals for Change (RS20178, Gorte) Forestry in the Farm Bill (RS22329, Gorte) Illegal Logging: Background and Issues (RL33932, Sheikh) National Forest System Roadless Areas Initiative (RL30647, Baldwin) Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000: Forest Service Payments to Counties (RL33822, Gorte) Wildfire Damages to Homes and Resources: Understanding Causes and Reducing Losses (RL34517, Gorte) Wildfire Fuels and Fuel Reduction (R40811, Gorte) Wildfire Funding (RL33990, Gorte) Wildfire Protection Funding (RS21544, Gorte) Wildfire Protection in the 108th Congress (RS22024, Gorte)

International Agriculture

Production Issues International Law and Agreements: Their Effect upon U.S. Law (RL32528, Garcia) Small Business Administration Trade and Export Promotion Programs (R43155, Lowrey) Brazil: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations (RL33456, Meyer) Chemical Regulation in the European Union (EU): Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (RS22673, Yen) Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP): In Brief (R43158, Akhtar & Jones). Agriculture in Afghanistan and Neighboring Asian Countries (RL31190, Jurenas) Brazil’s Agricultural Production and Exports: Selected Data (RL33699, Hanrahan) Caribbean Region: Issues in U.S. Relations (RL32160, Sullivan) Comparing U.S. and EU Program Support for Farm Commodities and Conservation (R40539, Johnson et al.) International Wine Market: Description and Selected Issues (RL32028, Schnepf) Iraq Agriculture and Food Supply: Background and Issues (RL32093, Schnepf) Iraq’s Agriculture: Background and Status (RS21516, Schnepf) Trends in U.S. Agricultural Export Credit Guarantee Programs and P.L. 480, Title I, FY 1992-2002 (RL32278, Canada)

Trade Issues

U.S. Stakeholders Critical of U.S.-Mexico Sugar Agreements , (IF10517, McMinimy) U.S. Catfish Industry and Foreign Trade: A Fact Sheet (R44177, Upton) U.S. Trade in Services: Trends and Policy Issues (R43291, Fefer) Softwood Lumber Imports From Canada: Current Issues (R42789, Hoover & Fergusson) U.S. Agricultural Trade with Cuba: Current Limitations and Future Prospects (R44119, McMinimy) The World Trade Organization Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and Recent Food Labeling Cases (R44210, Shedd) International Trade: Rules of Origin (RL34524, Jones) Cuba: Issues for the 114th Congress (R43926, Sullivan) Major Agricultural Trade Issues in the 114th Congress (R43905, McMinimy et al.) Cuba Sanctions: Legislative Restrictions Limiting the Normalization of Relations (R43888, Rennack & Sullivan) Agricultural Exports and 2014 Farm Bill Programs: Background and Issues (R43696, McMinimy) The U.S. Wine Industry and Selected Trade Issues with the European Union (R43658, Johnson) Trade Promotion Authority (TPA): Frequently Asked Questions (R43491, Cooper et al.)   Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Related Non-Tariff Barriers to Agricultural Trade (R43450, Johnson) Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) Negotiations (R43387, Akhtar & Jones) Trade Reorganization: Overview and Issues for Congress (R42555, Akhtar) Trade Preferences: Economic Issues and Policy Options (R41429, Jones et al.) Miscellaneous Tariff Bills: Overview and Issues for Congress (RL33867, Jones) U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones: Background and Issues for Congress (R42686, Bolle & Williams) The Jackson-Vanik Amendment and Candidate Countries for WTO Accession: Issues for Congress (RS22398, Cooper) Russia’s Accession to the WTO and Its Implications for the United States (R42085, Cooper) Export-Import Bank: Background and Legislative Issues (R42472, Ilias) U.S. Trade Remedy Laws and Nonmarket Economies: A Legal Overview (RL33976, Grimmett) Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods and the WTO Trade Dispute on Meat Labeling (RS22955, Jurenas & Greene) Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances (RL31139, Sullivan) Cuba: Issues for the 112th Congress (R41617, Sullivan) International Trade and Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress (R41553, Ahearn) Trade Primer: Qs and As on Trade Concepts, Performance, and Policy (RL33944, Ahearn) NADTA and the Mexican Economy (RL34733, Villarreal) Bangladesh: Political and Strategic Developments and U.S. Interests (R41194, Vaughn) Agricultural Export Programs: Background and Issues (R41202, Ho & Hanrahan) CRS Issue Statement on Agricultural Trade and Development (IS40253, Hanrahan) U.S.-Latin America Trade: Recent Trends and Policy Issues (98-840, Hornbeck) Cuba: Issues for the 111th Congress (R40193, Sullivan) U.S. Trade Policy and the Caribbean: From Trade Preferences to Free Trade Agreements (RL33951, Hornbeck) U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications (RL32934, Villarreal) U.S. Trade and Investment Relationship with Sub-Saharan Africa: The African Growth and Opportunity Act (RL31772, Jones) 2009 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings and U.S. Trade Policy in Asia (R41071, Martin) Potential Trade Implications of Restrictions on Antimicrobial Use in Animal Production (R41047, Johnson) Agriculture: U.S.-China Trade Issues (RS21292, Becker & Hanrahan) Avian Flu Pandemic: Potential Impact of Trade Disruptions (RS22453, Langton) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (“Mad Cow Disease”) and Canadian Beef Imports (RL32627, Becker & Copeland) Child Labor in West African Cocoa Production: Issues and U.S. Policy (RL32990, Salaam-Blyther, et al.) China’s Trade with the United States and the World (RL31403, Lum & Nanto) China-U.S. Trade Issues (RL33536, Morrison) Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods (RS22955, Becker) Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods (97-508, Becker) Europe’s New Trade Agenda (RS22547, Ahearn) Food and Agricultural Imports from China (RL34080, Becker) Environment and the World Trade Organization at Seattle: Issues and Concerns (RS20417, Fletcher) Exempting Food and Agriculture Products from U.S. Economic Sanctions: Status and Implementation (RL33499, Jurenas) Foreign Countries’ Response to the Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus: Current Status (RL33871, Chanlett-Avery) Generalized System of Preferences Renewal: Agricultural Imports (RS22541, Johnson) Generalized System of Preferences (97-389, Cooper) Genetically Engineered Soybeans: Acceptance and Intellectual Property Rights Issues in South America (RS21558, Schnepf) International Efforts to Control the Spread of the Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus: Affected Countries’ Responses (RL33349, Chanlett-Avery, et al.) Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress (RL33436, Chanlett-Avery)   Japan-U.S. Beef Trade Issues (RS22115, Becker) Mad Cow Disease and U.S. Beef Trade (RS21709, Hanrahan & Becker) Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations (RL30981, Sullivan & Olhero) Proposed Import Restrictions on Milk Protein Concentrates (R40839, Shields & Hanrahan) Russia’s Accession to the WTO (RL31979, Cooper) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Concerns in Agricultural Trade (RL33472, Becker) Textile and Apparel Trade Issues (RL31723, Gelb) Trade Adjustment Assistance for Farmers (RS21182, Becker) Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues (RS20210, Hornbeck) Trade Capacity Building: Foreign Assistance for Trade and Development (RL33628, Langton) Trade Promotion Authority: Issues, Options, and Prospects for Renewal (RL33743, Hornbeck & Cooper) United States-Canada Trade and Economic Relationship: Prospects and Challenges (RL33087, Fergusson) U.S. Agricultural Biotechnology in Global Markets: An Introduction (RL31970, Becker & Hanrahan) U.S.-EU Poultry Dispute (R40199, Becker) U.S. International Trade: Trends and Forecasts (RL33577, Nanto, et al.) U.S.-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options (RL32649, Cooper) U.S.-Latin America Trade: Recent Trends (98-840, Hornbeck) U.S.-Russia Meat and Poultry Trade Issues (RS22948, Becker) U.S.-South Korea Beef Disputes: Negotiations and Status (RL34528, Jurenas) U.S. Trade Situation for Fruit and Vegetable Products (RL34468, Johnson) U.S. Trade with Developing Countries: Trends, Prospects, and Policy Implications (RL33945, Cooper) U.S. Trade Statutes: Expiration Dates and Mandated Periodic Reports to Congress (RL34196, Bolle, et al.) Vietnam PNTR Status and WTO Accession: Issues and Implications for the U.S. (RL33490, Manyin & Cooper) WTO Doha Round: Implications for U.S. Agriculture (RS22927, Schnepf & Hanrahan)

Efforts to Address Seasonal Agricultural Import Competition in the NAFTA Negotiation , (R45038, Johnson) Potential Effects of a U.S. NAFTA Withdrawal: Agricultural Markets , (R45018, Johnson) USDA Export Market Development and  Export Credit Programs: Selected Issues , R44985, Johnson) The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and U.S. Agriculture , (R44875, Johnson) Agricultural Trade Balances Under NAFTA , (IF10800, Johnson) U.S.- Vietnam Economic and Trade Relations: Issues in 2018 , (IF10798, Martin) U.S.- South Korea (KORUS) FTA, (IF10733, Williams et al.) NAFTA Renegotiation: Issues for U.S. Agriculture , (IF10682, Johnson) The World Trade Organization , (IF10002, Ferguson & Fefer) TPP: Overview and Current Status , (IF10000, Williams & Fergson) TPP: U.S.-Japan Issues , (IF10456, Williams et al.) TPP: Taking the Measure of the Agreement for U.S. Agriculture , (IF10412, McMinimy) Agriculture Issues in U.S.-EU Trade Negotiations , (IF10240, Johnson) Geographical Indications (GIs) in U.S. Agricultural Trade , (IF10188, Johnson) Agriculture and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) Negotiations , (R44564, Johnson) Geographical Indications in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) Negotiations , (R44556, Johnson) The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): Key Provisions and Issues for Congress , (R44489, Fergusson & Williams) The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): Strategic Implications (R44361, Williams et al.) American Agriculture and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement  (R44337, McMinimy) The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): In Brief (R44278, Fergusson, McMinimy & Williams) In Focus: The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and U.S. Agriculture (IF10233) U.S. Trade with Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Partners (R44044, Jackson) Agriculture in the WTO Bali Ministerial Agreement  (R43592, Schnepf) NAFTA at 20: Overview and Trade Effects (R42965, Villarreal & Fergusson) Cuba: U.S. Policy and Issues for the 113th Congress (R43024, Sullivan) The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress (R42694, Fergusson et al.) Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis (R42344, Williams) The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTADR): Developments in Trade and Investment (R42468, Hornbeck) EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States (R41534, Cooper et al.) World Trade Organization: Issues in the Debate on Continued U.S. Participation (R41291, Ahearn & Fergusson) Trade Law: An Introduction to Selected International Agreements and U.S. Laws (R41306, Barbour) International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (R41091, Ho) Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (R40502, Fergusson & Vaughn) Agricultural Export Subsidies, Export Credits and the WTO (RS20858, Canada & Hanrahan) Agricultural Support Mechanisms in the EU: A Comparison with the U.S. (RL30753, Becker) Agricultural Trade in the Free Trade Area of the Americas (RL30935, Jurenas) Agriculture and Fast Track or Trade Promotion Authority (97-817, Becker & Hanrahan) Agriculture in U.S. Free Trade Agreements: Trade with Current and Prospective Partners, Impacts, and Issues (RL34134, Jurenas) Agriculture in the US-Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (RL32110, Jurenas) Agriculture in the WHO Doha Round: Framework Agreement and Next Steps (RS21905, Hanrahan) Agriculture in the WTO: Limits on Domestic Support (RS20840, Schnepf) Agriculture in the WTO: Member Spending on Domestic Support (RL30612, Schnepf) Agriculture in the WTO: Policy Commitments Made Under the Agreement on Agriculture (RL32916, Schnepf) Agriculture in WTO Negotiations (RL32053, Hanrahan) Andean-U.S. Free Trade Agreement Negotiations (RL32770, Villarreal) Brazilian Trade Policy and the United States (RL33258, Hornbeck) Central American and the Dominican Republic in Context of the Free Trade Agreement with U.S. (RL32322, Storrs et al.) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Background and Issues (RL32751, Sheikh & Corn) Dietary Supplements: International Standards and Trade Agreements (98-500, Porter) Dispute Settlement in the World Trade Organization: An Overview (RS20088, Grimmett) Doha Development Agenda: WTO Framework Agreement (RL32645, Fergusson, et al.) Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) (RL31870, Hornbeck) EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude (RL30608, Cooper) European Union-U.S. Trade and Investment Relations: Key Issues (RL34381, Ahearn, et al.) Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy (RL31356, Cooper) Free Trade Area of the Americas: Major Policy Issues and Status of Negotiations (RS20864, Hornbeck) Generalized System of Preferences: Background and Renewal Debate (RL33663, Jones) Geographical Indications and WTO Negotiations (RS21569, Hanrahan) Green Payments in U.S. and European Union Ag Policy (RL32624, Johnson & Hanrahan) Immigration Issues in Trade Agreements (RL32982, Wasem & Haddal) Implementing International Agreements on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Proposed Amendments to the Toxic Substances Control Act (RL33336, Schierow) India-U.S. Economic and Trade Relations (RL34161, Martin, et al.) Japan’s Free Trade Agreement Program (RL33044, Ahearn) Mercosur: Evolution and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy (RL33620, Hornbeck) Permanent Normal Trade Relations Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties (RS21123, Cooper) Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Fact Sheet on Three International Agreements (RS22379, Schierow) Peru Trade Promotion Agreement: Labor Issues (RS22521, Villarreal & Bolle) Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO: A Brief Overview (RS22522, Schnepf & Womach) Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO (RL33697, Schnepf & Womach) Proposed South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (RL33435, Cooper & Manyin) Proposed U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (RS22419, Villarreal) Proposed U.S.-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement (RL33445, Nanto) Proposed U.S.-Oman Free Trade Agreement (RL33328, Bolle) Proposed U.S.-Panama Free Trade Agreement (RL32540, Hornbeck) Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement: Provisions and Implications (RL34330, Cooper, et al.) Trade Agreements: Impact on the U.S. Economy (RL31932, Jackson) Trade Negotiations During the 110th Congress (RL33463, Fergusson) Trade Preferences for Developing Countries and the WTO (RS22183, Grimmett) Trade Promotion Authority and Fast-Track Negotiating Authority for Trade Agreements: Major Votes (RS21004, Smith) U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement: Provisions and Implications (RL32375, Cooper) U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy (98-253, Hanrahan, et al.) U.S.-Southern African Customs Union Free Trade Agreement: Background and Potential Issues (RS21387, Langton) U.S.-Peru Economic Relations and the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (RL34108, Villarreal) U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (RS22391, Villarreal) U.S.-Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations (RL32314, Ahearn & Morrison) U.S.-Vietnam Relations: Background and Issues for Congress (RL33316, Manyin) U.S. Trade Policy and the Caribbean: From Trade Preferences to Free Trade Agreements (RL33951, Hornbeck) Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties (97-896, Grimmett) World Trade Organization: Background and Issues (98-928, Fergusson) WTO Negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda (RL32060, Fergusson) The World Trade Organization: The Hong Kong Ministerial (RL33176, Fergusson) World Trade Organization (WTO): Issues in the Debate on U.S. Participation (RL32918, Fergusson & Sek) WTO Doha Round: Agricultural Negotiating Proposals (RL33144, Hanrahan & Schnepf) WTO Decisions and Their Effect in U.S. Law (RS22154, Grimmett) WTO Compliance Status of the Conservation Security Program and the Conservation Reserve Program (RL34010, Schnepf)

Disputes Status of the WTO Brazil-U.S. Cotton Case (R43336, Schnepf) Trade Remedies and the WTO Rules Negotiations (R40606, Jones) African Cotton Initiative and WTO Agriculture Negotiations (RS21712, Hanrahan) Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute (RS21556, Johnson & Hanrahan) Brazil’s WTO Case Against the U.S. Cotton Program (RL32571, Schnepf) Brazil’s and Canada’s WTO Cases Against U.S. Agricultural Support (RL34351, Schnepf) Brazil’s WTO Case Against U.S. Agricultural Support: A Brief Overview (RS22728, Schnepf) Brazil’s WTO Case Against the U.S. Cotton Program: A Brief Overview (RS22187, Schnepf) Canadian Hog Trade Dispute (RS21985, Becker) Canada’s WTO Case Against U.S. Agricultural Support: A Brief Overview (RS22724, Schnepf) Canada’s WTO Case Against U.S. Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS) (RL33853, Schnepf) China-U.S. Poultry Dispute (R40706, Becker) Dispute Settlement Under the Proposed U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (RS22752, Grimmett) European Union’s Ban on Hormore-Treated Meat (RS20142, Hanrahan) Trade Conflict and the U.S.-European Union Econom Relationship (RL30732, Ahearn) Trade Remedies: A Primer (RL32371, Jones) Trade Remedies and Agriculture (RL31296, Becker & Hanrahan) Trade Remedies: “New Shipper” Reviews (RS22290, Jones) Trade Remedy Legislation: Applying Countervailing Action to Nonmarket Economy Countries (RL33550, Jones) U.S.-Canada Wheat Trade Dispute (RL32426, Schnepf) U.S.-Canada WTO Corn Trade Dispute (RL33853, Schnepf) U.S.-EU Banana Dispute (RS20130, Hanrahan) The U.S.- EU Beef Hormone Dispute (R40449, Johnson & Hanrahan) WTO Dispute Settlement: Status of U.S. Compliance in Pending Cases (RL32014, Grimmett)

Sanctions Cuba: Issues for the 110th Congress (RL33819, Sullivan) Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress (RL32730, Sullivan) Economic Sanctions and U.S. Agricultural Exports (RL30108, Jurenas) WTO: Antidumping Issues in the Doha Development Agenda (RL32810, Jones)

Public Lands

Commercial Filming and Photography on Public Lands , (IF10340, Comay) State Management of Federal Lands: Frequently Asked Questions (R42789, Vincent & Wyatt) Federal Lands and Natural Resources: Overview and Selected Issues for the 114th Congress (R43429, Hoover, et al.) Fish and Wildlife Service: Compensation to Local Governments (R42404, Corn) Administrative Appeals in the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service (R40131, Alexander) Federal Land Management Agencies: Background on Land and Resource Management (RL30867, Vincent, et al.) Federal Land Ownership: Constitutional Authority and the History of Acquisition, Disposal, and Retention (RL34267, Alexander & Gorte) Federal Land Ownership: Current Acquisition and Disposal Authority (RL34273, Gorte & Vincent) Federal Lands Managed by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service: Issues for the 110th Congress (RL33792, Gorte, et al.) Federal Lands Managed by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service: Issues for the 111th Congress (R40237, Gorte, et al.) Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (RL33730, Vincent) Federal Land Management Agencies: Background on Land and Resources Mgmt (RL32393, Vincent) Forestry Assistance Programs (RL31065, Gorte) Grazing Fees: An Overview and Current Issues (RS21232, Vincent) Grazing Regulations: Changes by the Bureau of Land Management (RL32244, Vincent) Issues Regarding a National Land Parcel Database (R40717, Folger) Land Disposal Policies of the Principal Federal Land Management Agencies (81-156, Huston) National Forest System Roadless Area Initiatives (RL30647, Alexander & Gorte) National Park Management (RL33484, Vincent & Gorte) Proposals to Merge the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management: Issues and Approaches (RL34772, Gorte) Recreation on Federal Lands (RL33525, Calvert & Johnson)

Rural Development

Broadband Deployment: Status and Federal Programs , (IF10441, Kruger) Broadband Loan and Grant Programs in the USDA’s Rural Utilities Service (RL33816, Kruger) The Effectiveness of the Community Reinvestment Act (R43661, Getter) The Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program (R44308, Sargent) SBA Surety Bond Guarantee Program (R42037, Dilger) SBA Veterans Assistance Programs: An Analysis of Contemporary Issues (R42695, Dilger & Lowry) Rural Development Provisions in the 2014 Farm Bill (P.L. 113-79) (R43718, Cowan) SBA Small Business Investment Company Program (R41456, Dilger)    Community Development Block Grants and Related Programs: A Primer (R43520, Boyd) Assistance to Firefighters Program: Distribution of Fire Grant Funding (RL32341, Kruger) Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund: Programs and Policy Issues (R42770, Lowry) Spectrum Policy: Provisions in the 2012 Spectrum Act (R43256, Moore)   Community Development Block Grants: Funding Issues in the 113th Congress (R43208, Boyd) The National Broadband Plan Goals: Where Do We Stand? (R43016, Kruger) Spectrum Policy in the Age of Broadband: Issues for Congress (R40674, Moore) Reauthorizing the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 (R41303, Hoover) Rural Broadband: The Roles of the Rural Utilities Service and the Universal Service Fund (R42524, Gilroy & Kruger) Background and Issues for Congressional Oversight of ARRA Broadband Awards (R41775, Kruger) Access to Broadband Networks: The Net Neutrality Debate (R40616, Gilroy) PILT (Payments in Lieu of Taxes): Somewhat Simplified (RL31392, Corn) Community Development Block Grants: Funding Issues in the 112th Congress and Recent Funding History (R41754, Boyd) Compensating State and Local Governments for the Tax-Exempt Status of Federal Lands: What Is Fair and Consistent? (R42439, Gorte & Corn) Broadband Infrastrructure Programs in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (R40436, Kruger) Community Development Block Grant Funds in Disaster Relief Recovery (RL33330, Boyd) Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension: Issues and Background (RL33327, Rawson) Broadband Internet Access and the Digital Divide: Federal Assistance Programs (RL30719, Kruger & Gilroy) Broadband Internet Regulation and Access: Background and Issues (RL33542, Gilroy & Kruger) California’s San Joaquin Valley: A Region in Transition (RL33184, Cowan) (3.8 MB) Changing Structure of Ag and Rural America: Emerging Opportunities & Challenges (RL31172, Cowan) Community Services Block Grants (CSBG): Funding and Reauthorization (RL32872, Spar) Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Communities Program: Overview of Rounds I, II and III (RS20381, Mulock) Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs (RL30478, Copeland, et al.) Military Base Closure: Socioeconomic Impacts (RS22147, Cowan & Webel) Overview of the Administration’s Strengthening America’s Communities Initiative (RL32823, Boyd, et al.) Overview of USDA Rural Development Programs (RL31837, Cowan) Rural Education and the Rural Education Achievement Program (REAP) (RL33804, Apling) Rural Housing: USDA Disaster Relief Provisions (RS22301, Foote) Rural Water Supply and Sewer Systems: Background Information (98-64, Copeland) USDA Rural Housing Programs: An Overview (RL33421, Foote) Value-Added Agricultural Enterprises in Rural Development Strategies (RL31598, Cowan) Water Infrastructure Needs and Investment: Review and Analysis of Key Issues (RL31116, Copeland & Tiemann)

Security and Defense

Cybersecurity: Critical Infrastructure Authoritative Reports and Resources (R44410, Tehan) Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources, by Topic (R42507, Tehan) Implementation of Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS): Issues for Congress (R43346, Shea) Regulation of Fertilizers: Ammonium Nitrate and Anhydrous Ammonia (R43070. Shea et al.) Agroterrorism: Options in Congress (RL31217, Segarra) Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness (RL32521, Monke) National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress (RL34160, Shea, et al.)

Sustainable and Organic Farming

USDA’s Organic Livestock and Poultry Practices Regulations , (IF10622, Johnson) U.S. Farm Policy: Local and Regional Food Systems , (IF10232, Johnson) Local Food Systems: Selected Farm Bill and Other Federal Programs (R43950, Johnson & Cowan) The Role of Local Food Systems in U.S. Farm Policy (R42155, Johnson, et al.) Harvey v. Veneman and the National Organic Program: A Legal Analysis (RS22318, Vina) Organic Agriculture in the United States: Program and Policy Issues (RL31595, Rawson)

Trade Regulation and Antitrust

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) (RL43388, Jackson) Big Data in U.S. Agriculture (R44331, Stubbs) Federal Securities Law: Insider Trading (RS21127. Seitzinger) The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act: Standards of Conduct of Brokers, Dealers, and Investment Advisers  (R41381, Seitzinger) Protection of Trade Secrets: Overview of Current Law and Legislation (R43714, Yeh) Export-Import Bank Reauthorization: Frequently Asked Questions (R43671, Akhtar et al.) Export-Import Bank: Overview and Reauthorization Issues (R43581, Akhtar) The MF Global Bankruptcy, Missing Customer Funds, and Proposals for Reform (R42091, Miller) The Commodity Futures Trading Commission: Background and Current Issues (R43117, Miller) Consolidation and Concentration in the U.S. Dairy Industry (R41224, Shields) General Overview of U.S. Antitrust Law (RL31026, Rubin) Merger and Antitrust Issues in Ag: Statutes and Agencies (RS20562, Heykoop) Monopoly and Monopolization — Fundamental But Separate Concepts in U.S. Antitrust Law (RS20241, Rubin)

Transportation

Federal Freight Policy: In Brief (R44367, Frittelli) Unmanned Aircraft Operations in Domestic Airspace: U.S. Policy Perspectives and the Regulatory Landscape (R44352, Elias) Federal-Aid Highway Program (FAHP): In Brief (R44332, Kirk) Cargo Preferences for U.S.-Flag Shipping (R44254, Frittelli) Effects of Buy America on Transportation Infrastructure and U.S. Manufacturing: Policy Options (R44246, Platzer & Mallett) Transportation Security: Issues for the 114th Congress (RL33512, Elias et al.) U.S. Rail Transportation of Crude Oil: Background and Issues for Congress (R43390, Frittelli et al.) Surface Transportation Program Reauthorization Issues for Congress (R43420, Kirk et al.) Emergency Relief for Disaster Damaged Roads and Transit Systems: In Brief (R43384, Kirk)    Highway Bridge Conditions: Issues for Congress (R43103, Kirk & Mallett) Funding and Financing Highways and Public Transportation (R42877, Kirk & Mallett) Inland Waterways: Recent Proposals and Issues for Congress (R41430, Stern) The Federal Excise Tax on Gasoline and the Highway Trust Fund: A Short History (RL30304, Bickley) Rising Gasoline Prices 2012 (R42382, Nerurkar & Pirog) Surface Transportation Reauthorization in the 112th Congress: Summary and Sources (R42350, Levinson) Agriculture As a Source of Barge Demand on the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers (RL32401, Schnepf) Grain Transport: Modal Trends and Infrastructure Implications (RL32720, Frittelli) Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway Navigation Expansion: An Agricultural Transportation and Environmental Context (RL32470, Schnepf) Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway Investments: Legislation in the 109th Congress (RL32915, Carter)

Water Resources

Central Valley Project (CVP) Operations: In Brief (R44456, Stern et al.) Western Water and Drought: Legislative Analysis of H.R. 2898 and S. 1894 (R44316, Sheikh et al.) Irrigation in U.S. Agriculture: On-Farm Technologies and Best Management Practices (R44158, McGee & Stubbs) U.S.-Mexico Water Sharing: Background and Recent Developments (R43312, Carter et al.) Indian Water Rights Settlements (R44148, Stern) California Agricultural Production and Irrigated Water Use (R44093, Johnson & Cody) Water Resource Issues in the 114th Congress (R43910, Cody et al.) Funding for EPA Water Infrastructure: A Fact Sheet (R43871, Copeland) Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014: Comparison of Select Provisions (R43298, Carter et al.) H.R. 3964: Analysis of Key Provisions (R43648, Stern et al.) Water Infrastructure Financing: Proposals to Create a Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) Program (R43315, Copeland)   Klamath Basin Settlement Agreements: Issues in Brief (R 42158, Stern et al.) Water Resource Issues in the 113th Congress (R42947, Cody et al.) Selected Federal Water Activities: Agencies, Authorities, and Congressional Committees (R42653, Cody, et al.) Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastructure (R42467, Copeland, et al.) Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations (96-647, Copeland) Energy and Water Development: FY2012 Appropriations (R41908, Behrens) Flood Damage Related to Army Corps of Engineers Projects: Selected Legal Issues (RL34131, Brougher) Indian Reserved Water Rights Under the Winters Doctrine: An Overview (RL32198, Brougher) Biological Opinions for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: A Case Law Summary (R41876, Alexander) California Drought: Hydrological and Regulatory Water Supply Issues (R40979, Cody, et al.) Army Corps of Engineers Water Resource Projects: Authorization and Appropriations (R41243, Carter & Stern) Desalination: Status and Federal Issues (R40477, Carter) Army Corps of Engineers Water Resources Activities: Authorization and Appropriations (RL32064, Carter & Hughes) CALFED Bay-Delta Program: Overview of Institutional and Water Use Issues (RL31975, Sheikh & Cody) Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Drought: Species and Ecosystem Management (RL34440, Corn, et al.) Issues in Klamath River Dam Relicensing (RS22498, Lane) Klamath River Basin Issues and Activities: An Overview (RL33098, Powers et al.) Title XVI Water Reuse Program: Implementation and Legislative Issues (RL33707, Cody & Carter) Water Infrastructure Funding in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (R40216, Copeland & Carter) Water Infrastructure Projects Designated in EPA Appropriations: Trends and Policy Implications (RL32201, Copeland) Water Resources Development Act: Corps of Engineers Authorization Issues (RL33504, Carter, et al.) Water Resource Issues in the 109th Congress (RS20569, Cody & Hughes) Water Resource Issues in the 111th Congress (R40180, Cody et al.) Western Water Resource Issues (IB10019, Sheikh) Western Water Resource Issues (RL33565, Cody & Sheikh) Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and Federal Water Rights (RL30809, Baldwin)

All Reports

Nigeria: Overview and U.S. Policy

March 25, 2022 – November 9, 2023 R47052

Debt Limit Legislation: The House “Gephardt Rule”

July 1, 2008 – November 8, 2023 RL31913

Recreational Marijuana and Economic Development

November 7, 2023 IF12529

Armed Drones: Evolution as a Counterterrorism Tool

March 10, 2023 – November 7, 2023 IF12342

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (October 30, 2023–November 5, 2023)

November 6, 2023 LSB11073

Distribution of IRS Audits by Income and Race

October 25, 2023 – November 6, 2023 IF12521

Qatar: Issues for the 118th Congress

March 10, 2023 – November 3, 2023 R47467

Defense Primer: Department of the Navy

November 8, 2018 – November 3, 2023 IF10484

Cement: Background and Low-Carbon Production

November 3, 2023 IF12526

Discretionary Appropriations for the Federal Judiciary (FY2024): Comparison of Amounts Recommended by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees

November 3, 2023 IN12275

Election Day: Frequently Asked Questions

June 12, 2020 – November 2, 2023 R46413

The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers

October 24, 2023 – November 2, 2023 TE10087

Pakistan’s Domestic Political Setting

October 26, 2018 – November 2, 2023 IF10359

State Authority to Regulate Nuclear Power: Federal Preemption Under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA)

September 6, 2011 – November 1, 2023 R41984

Implications of the FCC-Approved Ligado Network for the Department of Defense

October 6, 2022 – November 1, 2023 IN12028

Israel and Hamas 2023 Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress

November 1, 2023 R47828

Management of the Colorado River: Water Allocations, Drought, and the Federal Role

March 1, 2019 – November 1, 2023 R45546

The Twenty-First Amendment and the End of Prohibition, Part 6: State and Federal Regulation of Alcohol Sales

October 31, 2023 LSB11070

Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections

January 19, 2005 – October 31, 2023 98-684

The Twenty-First Amendment and the End of Prohibition, Part 1: Introduction

October 31, 2023 LSB11065

Members’ Representational Allowance: History and Usage

December 1, 2009 – October 30, 2023 R40962

Federal Tax Gap: Size, Contributing Factors, and the Debate over Reducing It

August 2, 2021 – October 30, 2023 IF11887

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (October 23, 2023–October 29, 2023)

October 30, 2023 LSB11064

Native American Heritage Month: Fact Sheet

December 29, 2015 – October 30, 2023 R44258

FY2024 NDAA: U.S. Military Posture in the Indo-Pacific

October 30, 2023 IN12273

Assisting and Evacuating U.S. Citizens Abroad During the Israel-Hamas Conflict and Other International Crises

May 13, 2020 – October 30, 2023 IF11548

HUD Pathways to Removing Obstacles to Housing (PRO Housing) Competition

October 27, 2023 IN12271

School Swatting: Overview of Federal Criminal Law

October 27, 2023 LSB11063

Siting Challenges for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pipelines

October 27, 2023 IN12269

EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF)

April 25, 2023 – October 27, 2023 IF12387

Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Statistical Information

February 13, 2020 – October 27, 2023 R46225

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief

October 7, 2022 – October 27, 2023 R47275

Coinbase, Inc. v. Bielski: Federal Trial Courts Must Halt Proceedings During Arbitration Appeals

October 26, 2023 LSB11062

Chevron at the Bar: Supreme Court to Hear Challenges to Chevron Deference

October 26, 2023 LSB11061

Status of FY2024 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief

July 10, 2023 – October 26, 2023 R47622

Moving the Money: Understanding the Iranian Regime’s Access to Money Around the World and How They Use It to Support Terrorism

October 26, 2023 TE10088

What Is a “Church” for Federal Tax Purposes?

October 25, 2023 IF12520

Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2024: In Brief

September 1, 2023 – October 25, 2023 R47678

Kinship Care

November 14, 2019 – October 25, 2023 IG10016

Cluster Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress

June 27, 2008 – October 25, 2023 RS22907

The Nordic Countries and U.S. Relations

September 13, 2018 – October 25, 2023 IF10740

Worker Rights Provisions in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

May 28, 2015 – October 25, 2023 IF10046

North Korea Reopens (Selectively)

October 25, 2023 IN12272

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the National Emergencies Act: Key Facts

August 26, 2019 – October 25, 2023 IG10012

FY2024 NDAA: Military Mental Health Workforce Provisions

October 25, 2023 IN12268

Section 307 and Imports Produced by Forced Labor

November 14, 2019 – October 25, 2023 IF11360

403(b) Pension Plans: Overview and Legislative Developments

October 24, 2023 IF12518

Chinese Nuclear and Missile Proliferation

January 22, 2021 – October 24, 2023 IF11737

China Primer: China’s Political System

September 29, 2023 – October 24, 2023 IF12505

State Laws Restricting or Prohibiting Abortion

June 16, 2023 – October 24, 2023 R47595

Regulating Gender in School Sports: An Overview of Legal Challenges to State Laws

June 26, 2023 – October 24, 2023 LSB10993

Proposals to Limit Financial Activities of Members of Congress: Background and Analysis of Legislative Proposals

October 24, 2023 R47818

U.S.-Japan Critical Minerals Agreement

October 23, 2023 IF12517

Iran and Nuclear Weapons Production

May 13, 2022 – October 23, 2023 IF12106

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (October 16, 2023–October 22, 2023)

October 23, 2023 LSB11060

Iran’s Nuclear Program: Tehran’s Compliance with International Obligations

December 4, 2008 – October 23, 2023 R40094

State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP)

February 4, 2019 – October 23, 2023 IF10623

Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress

March 19, 2010 – October 23, 2023 R41129

Barriers Along the U.S. Border: Key Authorities and Recent Developments

October 23, 2023 LSB11059

Iran’s Petroleum Exports to China and U.S. Sanctions

October 23, 2023 IN12267

U.S. Postal Service Fleet Modernization

October 23, 2023 R47820

U.S. Senate Vacancies: How Are They Filled?

August 20, 2021 – October 23, 2023 IF11907

What Is the Farm Bill?

August 29, 2005 – October 20, 2023 RS22131

October 20, 2023 IF12515

Flight Training Under the GI Bills: Frequently Asked Questions

October 20, 2023 R47817

Election Worker Safety and Privacy

December 21, 2021 – October 20, 2023 IN11831

Guatemala: 2023 Elections and U.S. Interests

June 16, 2023 – October 20, 2023 IN12181

Small Disadvantaged Businesses, Disadvantaged Business Enterprises, and Minority Business Enterprises: Definitions and Differences in Terms Used by Government Programs

October 20, 2023 IN12266

Farm Bill Primer: Budget Dynamics

October 17, 2022 – October 20, 2023 IF12233

Farm Bill Primer: What Is the Farm Bill?

February 17, 2022 – October 20, 2023 IF12047

FCC Adopts Proposed Net Neutrality Rule

October 19, 2023 IF12513

DOE Appropriations for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities: FY2024

October 19, 2023 IF12514

A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program in the 118th Congress

February 19, 2019 – October 19, 2023 IN11049

Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA): Committee Establishment and Termination

May 10, 2022 – October 19, 2023 IF12102

FY2024 U.S. Postal Service Appropriations

October 19, 2023 IF12516

Hindu Holidays: Fact Sheet

October 31, 2017 – October 19, 2023 R45001

Light-Duty Vehicles, Air Pollution, and Climate Change

June 21, 2023 – October 19, 2023 IF12433

Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA): Meeting Requirements

November 17, 2022 – October 19, 2023 IF12252

Citizenship and Immigration Statuses of the U.S. Foreign-Born Population

April 9, 2021 – October 19, 2023 IF11806

Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

June 13, 2012 – October 19, 2023 R42567

The Compacts of Free Association

August 15, 2022 – October 18, 2023 IF12194

Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA): Membership

October 18, 2023 IF12512

Nonimmigrant and Immigrant Visa Categories: Data Brief

October 1, 2019 – October 18, 2023 R45938

Section 1071: Small Business Lending Data Collection and Reporting

October 18, 2023 R47788

Azerbaijan’s Retaking of Nagorno-Karabakh and the Displacement of Karabakh Armenians

October 18, 2023 IN12265

Uzbekistan: Background and Issues for Congress

October 18, 2023 R47798

NASA Appropriations and Authorizations: A Fact Sheet

June 4, 2014 – October 18, 2023 R43419

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FY2024 Budget Request and Appropriations

May 22, 2023 – October 18, 2023 IF12406

China Primer: U.S.-China Relations

February 4, 2015 – October 18, 2023 IF10119

Sri Lanka: Background and Issues for Congress

May 17, 2018 – October 17, 2023 IF10213

Legislative Branch: FY2024 Appropriations

July 12, 2023 – October 17, 2023 R47624

Hedge Funds: Background and Policy Issues

October 17, 2023 IF12511

Commemorations in Congress: Options for Honoring Individuals, Groups, and Events

April 22, 2015 – October 17, 2023 R43539

Building Resilience: FEMA’s Building Codes Policies and Considerations for Congress

June 27, 2023 – October 17, 2023 R47612

Postsecondary Education of Native Americans

May 3, 2019 – October 17, 2023 IF10554

Disaster Relief Fund State of Play: In Brief

September 1, 2023 – October 16, 2023 R47676

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (October 10, 2023–October 15, 2023)

October 16, 2023 LSB11058

The Disposal of Surplus Federal Property for Homeless Assistance and Housing Programs

October 16, 2023 IN12264

FY2024 NDAA: Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) Matters

July 24, 2023 – October 16, 2023 IN12205

Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

August 16, 2016 – October 16, 2023 R44593

Church Tax Benefits

October 16, 2023 IF12509

War Crimes in Ukraine

October 16, 2023 R47762

Appellate Courts Split on Legal Challenges to State Laws Banning Certain Medical Treatments for Transgender Minors

October 13, 2023 LSB11057

Commercial Human Spaceflight Safety Regulations

October 13, 2023 IF12508

Israel and Hamas October 2023 Conflict: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

October 13, 2023 R47754

National Disability Employment Awareness Month: Fact Sheet

October 5, 2022 – October 13, 2023 R47272

Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2024

June 30, 2023 – October 13, 2023 IF12440

Legal Authority for Sending Seized Ammunition to Ukraine

October 13, 2023 LSB11056

Indian Water Rights Settlements

August 14, 2015 – October 13, 2023 R44148

Who Regulates Whom? An Overview of the U.S. Financial Regulatory Framework

August 17, 2017 – October 13, 2023 R44918

Liability for Algorithmic Recommendations

October 12, 2023 R47753

Legislative Branch Appropriations: Frequently Asked Questions

March 9, 2016 – October 12, 2023 R43397

Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Federal Civil Service Annuities

October 19, 2004 – October 12, 2023 94-834

Consumer Credit Reporting, Credit Bureaus, Credit Scoring, and Related Policy Issues

July 30, 2015 – October 12, 2023 R44125

Mass Timber: Overview and Issues for Congress

October 12, 2023 R47752

The U.S. Defense Industrial Base: Background and Issues for Congress

October 12, 2023 R47751

China Primer: Hong Kong

March 31, 2022 – October 12, 2023 IF12070

Defense Primer: Geography, Strategy, and U.S. Force Design

November 8, 2018 – October 12, 2023 IF10485

Trade-Related Agencies: FY2024 Appropriations, Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

October 11, 2023 R47750

National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority

September 22, 2017 – October 11, 2023 IN10784

Overview of Assisted Living Facilities

May 11, 2020 – October 11, 2023 IF11544

Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2024 (Division A of P.L. 118-15)

October 11, 2023 R47749

Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress

March 30, 2010 – October 11, 2023 R41153

Electricity Transmission Permitting Reform Proposals

July 14, 2023 – October 11, 2023 R47627

Child Soldiers Prevention Act: Security Assistance Restrictions

March 25, 2020 – October 11, 2023 IF10901

FY2024 NDAA: Military Mental Health Strategy Development and Program Assessment Provisions

October 11, 2023 IN12263

House Committee Funding: Process and Historical Appropriations and Authorizations

May 3, 2005 – October 10, 2023 RL32794

Snakes on a Plane, in an Apartment, or at the Supermarket? Assistance Animals Under Three Federal Statutes

October 10, 2023 IF12507

Israel and Hamas: Major Conflict After Surprise Attacks

October 10, 2023 IN12262

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (October 2, 2023–October 9, 2023)

October 10, 2023 LSB11055

April 1, 2015 – October 10, 2023 IF10164

Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch

May 1, 2020 – October 10, 2023 IF11531

Russia’s War Against Ukraine: European Union Responses and U.S.-EU Relations

March 23, 2022 – October 10, 2023 IN11897

Defense Primer: Naval Forces

November 8, 2018 – October 10, 2023 IF10486

U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation: From the Mérida Initiative to the Bicentennial Framework

March 6, 2019 – October 9, 2023 IF10578

The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Considerations for Congress

October 23, 2014 – October 6, 2023 R43767

Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2024

September 12, 2023 – October 6, 2023 R47687

Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act: Overview and Issues

March 17, 2015 – October 6, 2023 IF10151

Corps Water Infrastructure Financing Program (CWIFP)

September 22, 2022 – October 6, 2023 IN12021

Admission of States to the Union: A Historical Reference Guide

October 6, 2023 R47747

Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions

September 9, 2013 – October 5, 2023 R43216

FY2024 Agriculture Appropriations: Status and Scope

May 9, 2023 – October 5, 2023 IN12158

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2024 Appropriations: Overview

September 29, 2023 – October 5, 2023 R47743

Social Security Administration (SSA): FY2024 Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation: In Brief

October 5, 2023 R47746

U.S.–Papua New Guinea Relations: Issues for Congress

June 25, 2019 – October 5, 2023 IF11255

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress

November 18, 2005 – October 5, 2023 RL33153

U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine

February 9, 2022 – October 5, 2023 IF12040

Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2024 State of Play

September 11, 2023 – October 5, 2023 R47688

Medicaid’s Institution for Mental Diseases (IMD) Exclusion

May 8, 2015 – October 5, 2023 IF10222

Post-Title 42: U.S. Foreign Policy Initiatives to Manage Regional Migration

May 10, 2023 – October 4, 2023 IN12159

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: A Legislative History

October 27, 2016 – October 4, 2023 R44668

U.S.-Vietnam Relations

February 6, 2019 – October 4, 2023 IF10209

Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress

November 8, 2004 – October 4, 2023 RL32665

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions

March 31, 2005 – October 4, 2023 RL32760

What Happens If the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Lapses?

December 5, 2017 – October 4, 2023 IN10835

Membership of the 118th Congress: A Profile

March 13, 2023 – October 4, 2023 R47470

July 10, 2018 – October 4, 2023 IF10926

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): Living Resources Provisions

October 4, 2023 R47744

The Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA)

May 31, 2018 – October 3, 2023 IF10859

Recent Developments in the Federal Multipronged Approach to Solar and Wind Energy

October 3, 2023 LSB11054

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 25, 2023–October 1, 2023)

October 2, 2023 LSB11053

Questions of Privilege in the House

November 24, 2004 – October 2, 2023 98-411

Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations

July 11, 2006 – October 2, 2023 RL33533

The UAW-Automakers Labor Dispute and Taft-Hartley’s National Emergency Provisions

October 2, 2023 IF12506

Overview of Long-Term Services and Supports

April 10, 2018 – October 2, 2023 IF10427

Social Security Overview

June 13, 2018 – October 2, 2023 IF10426

Social Security Primer

October 4, 2011 – October 2, 2023 R42035

Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives

January 29, 2004 – October 2, 2023 RL32207

Farm Bill Primer: Programs Without Baseline Beyond FY2023

May 18, 2022 – September 29, 2023 IF12115

The Appointment of Hispanic U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges: Historical Overview and Analysis

September 29, 2023 IN12261

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2023 Appropriations: Independent Agencies and General Provisions

September 29, 2023 R47745

Iran: Background and U.S. Policy

November 30, 2022 – September 29, 2023 R47321

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2023 Appropriations: Overview

July 7, 2022 – September 29, 2023 R47170

Allen v. Milligan: Supreme Court Holds That Alabama Redistricting Map Likely Violated Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act

July 7, 2023 – September 29, 2023 LSB11002

Federally Supported Projects and Programs for Wastewater, Drinking Water, and Water Supply Infrastructure

July 30, 2020 – September 29, 2023 R46471

Generative Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Law

February 24, 2023 – September 29, 2023 LSB10922

The Cancer Moonshot: Overview and Issues

September 29, 2023 IF12504

Offices of Inspector General and Government Shutdowns

September 29, 2023 IN12260

International Agreements (Part I): Overview and Agreement-Making Process

September 29, 2023 LSB11048

Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB

June 10, 2014 – September 29, 2023 R43590

International Agreements (Part II): Examining Tools for Congressional Influence Over International Instruments

September 29, 2023 LSB11049

FY2024 NDAA: Military Spouse Employment Matters

August 9, 2023 – September 29, 2023 IN12217

Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs): Overview and Selected Issues

August 16, 2022 – September 29, 2023 R47217

FY2024 Defense Appropriations: Status of Legislative Activity

September 7, 2023 – September 29, 2023 IN12237

Artificial Intelligence Prompts Renewed Consideration of a Federal Right of Publicity

September 29, 2023 LSB11052

Legal Issues in Impeachment Investigations, Part I: Authorization

September 29, 2023 LSB11051

International Agreements (Part III): Transparency Measures

September 29, 2023 LSB11050

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

October 12, 2017 – September 29, 2023 R44981

Military Housing

September 29, 2023 R47728

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use

March 20, 2019 – September 28, 2023 R45618

COVID-19: Potential Implications for International Security Environment—Overview of Issues and Further Reading for Congress

April 30, 2020 – September 28, 2023 R46336

Burkina Faso: Conflict and Military Rule

March 26, 2018 – September 28, 2023 IF10434

U.S.-Singapore Relations

May 15, 2015 – September 28, 2023 IF10228

Restricting TikTok (Part I): Legal History and Background

March 23, 2023 – September 28, 2023 LSB10940

China Primer: Illicit Fentanyl and China’s Role

December 21, 2018 – September 28, 2023 IF10890

Restricting TikTok (Part II): Legislative Proposals and Considerations for Congress

March 28, 2023 – September 28, 2023 LSB10942

Semiconductors and the CHIPS Act: The Global Context

May 18, 2023 – September 28, 2023 R47558

Areas of Economic Distress for EDA Activities and Programs

April 4, 2022 – September 28, 2023 IF12074

Emergency Relief Program for Disaster-Damaged Highways and Bridges

September 28, 2023 R47724

Taiwan: The Origins of the U.S. One-China Policy

September 27, 2023 – September 28, 2023 IF12503

House Sergeant at Arms: A Primer

January 14, 2021 – September 28, 2023 IF11727

Prospects for U.S.-Saudi Nuclear Energy Cooperation

September 17, 2018 – September 28, 2023 IF10799

Estimated ESEA Title I-A FY2023 and FY2024 State Grants Under the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee-Approved Bill

September 27, 2023 R47732

Government Shutdowns and Legislative Branch Operations: Frequently Asked Questions

September 27, 2023 IN12259

China’s “One Belt, One Road” Initiative: Economic Issues

January 22, 2021 – September 27, 2023 IF11735

Afro-descendants of Latin America: Selected Resources

November 4, 2021 – September 27, 2023 IN11790

Legal Standards for Government Dismissal of Qui Tam Cases Under the False Claims Act

September 27, 2023 LSB11047

Converting Office Space to Residential Housing

September 27, 2023 IN12257

U.S.-China Trade Relations

August 7, 2019 – September 27, 2023 IF11284

FY2024 NDAA: Department of Defense Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE)

September 27, 2023 IN12254

Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Compilation of Selected Indices

November 20, 2019 – September 27, 2023 R46016

Overview of the General Services Administration: Acquisition Services and Real Property Management

September 27, 2023 R47722

Campaign Finance Policy and a Lapse in Federal Appropriations: Frequently Asked Questions

September 27, 2023 IN12255

The Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit

September 27, 2023 IF12502

Bureau of Indian Affairs: Overview of Budget Issues and Options for Congress

September 27, 2023 R47723

Who Protects Whom? Federal Official and Judicial Security and Personal Protective Details

September 27, 2023 R47731

Armed Forces Compensation During a Lapse in Appropriations

September 21, 2023 – September 27, 2023 IN12244

FY2024 NDAA: Security Cooperation

September 27, 2023 IN12256

Israel: Major Issues and U.S. Relations

October 23, 2015 – September 27, 2023 R44245

U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2024 Appropriations

September 27, 2023 R47721

China’s Economy: Current Trends and Issues

October 19, 2020 – September 27, 2023 IF11667

Private Funding for Election Administration

September 26, 2023 IF12501

China Primer: The People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

January 5, 2021 – September 26, 2023 IF11719

The Strategic National Stockpile: Overview and Issues for Congress

January 25, 2023 – September 26, 2023 R47400

Federal Employee Pay in the Context of a Government Shutdown

September 26, 2023 IN12251

Recent Caseload Statistics for U.S. District Courts: Criminal Defendants Charged with Immigration-Related Offenses

September 26, 2023 IN12253

Copyright in Standards Incorporated by Reference into Law and the Pro Codes Act

August 21, 2023 – September 26, 2023 R47656

Recent Caseload Statistics for U.S. District Courts: Criminal Defendants Charged by Type of Offense

September 26, 2023 IN12252

Federal Management of Sea Lampreys in the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain

September 25, 2023 IF12500

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 18, 2023–September 24, 2023)

September 25, 2023 LSB11046

Lead Service Lines (LSLs) Replacement: Funding Developments

September 25, 2023 R47717

Bureau of Land Management: FY2024 Appropriations

September 25, 2023 IF12499

An Overview of H.R. 4766, Clarity for Payment Stablecoins Act

September 25, 2023 IN12249

Paid Family and Medical Leave in the United States

May 4, 2017 – September 25, 2023 R44835

Climate Change and Extreme Heat

September 25, 2023 IN12250

Major Functions of the U.S. Department of Labor

September 7, 2018 – September 25, 2023 IF10975

U.S. Government Procurement and International Trade

June 18, 2020 – September 22, 2023 IF11580

The United Nations System: Frequently Asked Questions

September 22, 2023 R47715

China Primer: Uyghurs

March 6, 2019 – September 22, 2023 IF10281

WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)

September 17, 2020 – September 22, 2023 IF11651

Economic Effects of Government Shutdowns

September 22, 2023 IN12248

Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources

April 8, 2011 – September 22, 2023 R41759

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2024 Appropriations Bill: CFPB’s Funding and Structure Provisions

September 22, 2023 IN12247

Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974

October 30, 2019 – September 22, 2023 IF11346

Current Federal Civilian Employment by State and Congressional District

September 22, 2023 R47716

National Park Service: Government Shutdown Issues

February 19, 2019 – September 22, 2023 IF11079

Tracking Federal Awards in States and Congressional Districts Using USAspending.gov

May 27, 2015 – September 22, 2023 IF10231

Section 301 Tariff Exclusions on U.S. Imports from China

June 19, 2020 – September 22, 2023 IF11582

The Pillar 2 Global Minimum Tax: Implications for U.S. Tax Policy

July 7, 2022 – September 22, 2023 R47174

International Tax Proposals Addressing Profit Shifting: Pillars 1 and 2

July 12, 2021 – September 21, 2023 IF11874

The Biden Administration’s Final Rule on Arriving Aliens Seeking Asylum (Part One)

September 21, 2023 LSB11044

The Biden Administration’s Final Rule on Arriving Aliens Seeking Asylum (Part Two)

September 21, 2023 LSB11045

IRS Processing and Examination of COVID Employee Retention Credit Claims

September 21, 2023 IN12246

Congressional Rules Pertaining to Changes in Mandatory Program Spending in Appropriations Bills (CHIMPs)

September 21, 2023 R47705

The Legality of DACA: Recent Litigation Developments

July 20, 2021 – September 20, 2023 LSB10625

U.S. Retirement Assets: Data in Brief

September 20, 2023 R47699

A Bar Too High: Concerns with CEQ’s Proposed Regulatory Hurdle for Federal Contracting

September 20, 2023 TE10085

Breaking the Logjam Part 3: Restoring Transparency and Accountability in the Accommodation Process

September 20, 2023 TE10086

What Is the Child Care Funding Cliff?

September 20, 2023 IN12243

China Primer: Human Rights

December 6, 2022 – September 20, 2023 IF12265

International Financial Institutions: FY2024 Budget Request

August 16, 2021 – September 19, 2023 IF11902

Taiwan: Defense and Military Issues

August 24, 2023 – September 19, 2023 IF12481

Congressional Salaries and Allowances: In Brief

November 22, 1999 – September 19, 2023 RL30064

The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) in Social Security: Proposals for a New Proportional Formula

November 8, 2019 – September 19, 2023 IF11355

Military Suicide Prevention and Response

April 30, 2018 – September 19, 2023 IF10876

Cell-Cultivated Meat: An Overview

September 19, 2023 R47697

Who Pays for Long-Term Services and Supports?

August 22, 2018 – September 19, 2023 IF10343

FY2024 NDAA: Military Mental Health Care and Research Provisions

September 19, 2023 IN12242

ESEA Title I-A Formulas: A Primer

September 19, 2023 R47702

Environmental Reviews and the 118th Congress

May 31, 2023 – September 19, 2023 IF12417

The Army’s New M-1E3 Abrams Tank Modernization Program

September 18, 2023 IF12495

Semiconductors and Artificial Intelligence

September 18, 2023 IF12497

Changes in Pay for Selected House Member Staff Positions, 2021-2022

September 18, 2023 IN12241

Foreign Investment in Real Property Act (FIRPTA)

September 18, 2023 IF12498

SBA’s 8(a) Business Development Program Responds to District Court Ruling

September 18, 2023 IN12245

National Hispanic Heritage Month: Fact Sheet

September 9, 2015 – September 18, 2023 R44191

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 11, 2023–September 17, 2023)

September 18, 2023 LSB11042

D.C. Circuit Finds Mandatory Copyright Deposit Requirement an Unconstitutional Taking

September 18, 2023 LSB11043

Haiti: Recent Developments and U.S. Policy

January 23, 2023 – September 18, 2023 R47394

The U.S. Army’s Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW)

December 8, 2021 – September 15, 2023 IF11991

The Debt Limit

February 5, 2019 – September 15, 2023 IF10292

Uniform Date Labeling of Food May Address Food Waste

November 2, 2016 – September 15, 2023 IF10398

Policy Issues Involving Food Loss and Waste

November 2, 2016 – September 15, 2023 IF10317

U.S. Oversight of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity: Current Policies, Recommended Reforms, and Options for Congress

September 15, 2023 R47695

September 15, 2023 IF12493

EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program

April 22, 2016 – September 15, 2023 R44475

Home Energy Rebates from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, P.L. 117-169: Frequently Asked Questions

September 15, 2023 R47698

Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs)

September 15, 2023 IF12494

Conflict of Interest in Investment Advice Within Retirement Plans: An Overview

September 15, 2023 IF12492

Ecuador: Country Overview and U.S. Relations

May 20, 2019 – September 15, 2023 IF11218

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and International Trade

April 23, 2015 – September 15, 2023 IF10033

Government Shutdowns and Executive Branch Operations: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

September 14, 2023 R47693

Corporate Acquisitions and Divisions: Tax Issues

September 14, 2023 R47692

Russia’s War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects

April 13, 2022 – September 14, 2023 R47068

Proposed Regulation of Gas Stoves

February 23, 2023 – September 14, 2023 IN12115

Does Losing a Motion to Suppress Bar a Sentencing Reduction for Admitting Guilt? Federal Courts Are Split

September 14, 2023 LSB11041

Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913-2023

January 29, 2007 – September 14, 2023 RL30857

U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress

October 22, 2012 – September 14, 2023 R42784

SBA as a Vehicle for Crisis Relief: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic

September 14, 2023 R47694

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Status of Oil and Gas Program

December 27, 2021 – September 14, 2023 IF12006

Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress

April 9, 2010 – September 13, 2023 R41170

FEMA’s Individuals and Households Program (IHP)

February 14, 2022 – September 13, 2023 IF12049

China-Russia Relations

May 2, 2022 – September 13, 2023 IF12100

Department of Health and Human Services Recommendation to Reschedule Marijuana: Implications for Federal Policy

September 13, 2023 IN12240

Climate and Security in the Middle East and North Africa

July 15, 2021 – September 13, 2023 IF11878

NIST Update on Champlain Towers Collapse Investigation

September 13, 2023 IF12496

Federal Election Commission Administrative Fine Program

July 13, 2023 – September 12, 2023 IN12198

The Federal Communications Commission’s Spectrum Auction Authority: History and Options for Reinstatement

May 24, 2023 – September 12, 2023 R47578

Defense Primer: Military Service Academies

March 11, 2021 – September 12, 2023 IF11788

Vessel Construction for Offshore Wind Power Generation

September 12, 2023 IF12491

Supreme Court Term October 2022: A Review of Selected Major Rulings

September 12, 2023 R47689

The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress

December 21, 2010 – September 12, 2023 R41542

Preventive Services Access on the Docket in Braidwood v. Becerra

September 12, 2023 LSB11040

U.S.-Japan Relations

April 17, 2015 – September 12, 2023 IF10199

U.S.-South Korea Alliance: Issues for Congress

December 10, 2019 – September 12, 2023 IF11388

Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations

November 16, 2022 – September 11, 2023 R47311

Navy Virginia-Class Submarine Program and AUKUS Submarine Proposal: Background and Issues for Congress

June 2, 2004 – September 11, 2023 RL32418

Third Circuit Decision Highlights Significance of Whether Tax Filing Deadlines In Tax Litigation Are Jurisdictional

September 11, 2023 LSB11038

Economic Development and Recovery in Maui

September 11, 2023 IN12239

Naloxone for Opioid Overdose: Considerations for Congress

September 11, 2023 IF12490

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (September 5, 2023–September 10, 2023)

September 11, 2023 LSB11039

Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs), the U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, and FIU Operational Independence

September 8, 2023 IF12488

FY2024 Military Construction Appropriations: A Summary

September 8, 2023 IN12238

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): A Primer on Eligibility and Benefits

January 9, 2013 – September 8, 2023 R42505

United Nations Issues: Congressional Representatives to the U.N. General Assembly

August 1, 2018 – September 8, 2023 IF10464

Export Controls—International Coordination: Issues for Congress

September 8, 2023 R47684

The Use of Acquitted Conduct to Enhance Federal Sentences

September 8, 2023 LSB11037

Election Administration: Overview of FY2024 Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) Appropriations

September 8, 2023 IF12489

Role of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Environmental Justice

August 2, 2018 – September 7, 2023 IF10529

Overview of Selected No Surprises Act Litigation

September 7, 2023 LSB11036

Quantum Computing: Concepts, Current State, and Considerations for Congress

September 7, 2023 R47685

Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Climate

September 7, 2023 IF12487

Patriot Day: Fact Sheet

October 30, 2015 – September 7, 2023 R44178

Gene-Edited Plants: Regulation and Issues for Congress

September 7, 2023 R47683

Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview

October 18, 1999 – September 7, 2023 RS20348

The Kingdom of Bhutan

May 25, 2017 – September 6, 2023 IF10660

FY2024 NDAA: Reproductive Health Care Provisions

September 6, 2023 IN12236

Jewish Holidays: Fact Sheet

October 31, 2017 – September 6, 2023 R45002

National Security Review Bodies (Part I): Legal Context and Comparison

September 6, 2023 LSB11034

Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 118th Congress

May 24, 2023 – September 6, 2023 R47575

Central America: Expiration of Targeted Sanctions Authority

September 6, 2023 IF12486

National Security Review Bodies (Part II): Creating New Review Systems

September 6, 2023 LSB11035

FY2024 Defense Appropriations: Summary of Proposed Funding

September 6, 2023 IN12234

Constitutional Challenges to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program

September 6, 2023 R47682

The CFATS Sunset and Its Implications for Chemical Security

August 28, 2023 – September 5, 2023 IN12235

Navy Large Unmanned Surface and Undersea Vehicles: Background and Issues for Congress

June 7, 2019 – September 5, 2023 R45757

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 28, 2023–September 4, 2023)

September 5, 2023 LSB11032

The Legal Framework for Federal Methane Regulation

September 20, 2022 – September 5, 2023 IF12217

The Supreme Court’s Narrow Construction of Federal Criminal Laws: Historical Practice and Recent Trends

September 5, 2023 LSB11033

Farm and Food Support Under USDA’s Section 32 Account

August 15, 2022 – September 5, 2023 IF12193

The Executive Budget Process: An Overview

January 27, 2022 – September 5, 2023 R47019

Energy and Water Development: FY2024 Appropriations

May 11, 2023 – September 5, 2023 R47553

Turkey (Türkiye): Possible U.S. Sale of F-16 Aircraft

March 31, 2023 – September 5, 2023 R47493

U.S.-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) Trade Agreement

February 22, 2019 – September 5, 2023 IF10997

Turkey (Türkiye): Possible U.S. F-16 Sale

February 16, 2023 – September 5, 2023 IN12111

Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations

July 13, 2015 – September 1, 2023 IF10253

Federal Student Loans: Return to Repayment

August 10, 2023 – September 1, 2023 IF12472

Banks’ Unrealized Losses, Part 2: Comparing to SVB

September 1, 2023 IN12232

U.S.-Mexico Trade Relations

April 9, 2019 – September 1, 2023 IF11175

Congressional and Executive Authority Over Foreign Trade Agreements

September 1, 2023 R47679

Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO)

January 15, 2019 – September 1, 2023 IF10613

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Evolution of Emergency Management

September 1, 2023 IN12233

Banks’ Unrealized Losses, Part 1: New Treatment in the “Basel III Endgame” Proposal

September 1, 2023 IN12231

Environmental Provisions in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

May 28, 2015 – September 1, 2023 IF10166

Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Production

August 31, 2023 IF12485

FEMA Assistance for Migrants Through the Emergency Food and Shelter Program-Humanitarian (EFSP-H) and Shelter and Services Program (SSP)

August 31, 2023 R47681

Supreme Court Narrows Dormant Commerce Clause and Upholds State Animal Welfare Law

August 31, 2023 LSB11031

FEMA’s Emergency Food and Shelter Program (EFSP)

January 14, 2022 – August 31, 2023 IF12026

Taylor v. McDonough: Veterans Disability Benefits and Secret Military Programs

August 31, 2023 LSB11030

FEMA’s Emergency Food and Shelter Program-Humanitarian Relief (EFSP-H) and the New Shelter and Services Program (SSP)

March 30, 2023 – August 30, 2023 IN12132

Shelter and Services Program (SSP) FY2023 Funding

June 13, 2023 – August 30, 2023 IN12177

Labor Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

August 17, 2015 – August 30, 2023 R44152

The Statutory Bars to Reentry into the United States

August 30, 2023 IF12484

Immigration Crimes: Improper Entry and Reentry

August 30, 2023 R47667

Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2023

December 20, 2004 – August 29, 2023 97-615

Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables

October 29, 2003 – August 29, 2023 97-1011

Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program

November 20, 2018 – August 29, 2023 IF10595

Building Codes, Standards, and Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions

August 29, 2023 R47665

April 2, 2015 – August 29, 2023 IF10168

Cuba: U.S. Policy Overview

May 18, 2015 – August 29, 2023 IF10045

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Budget: Fact Sheet

August 4, 2015 – August 29, 2023 R44136

Applying the Telephone Consumer Protection Act to Shared Phones

August 29, 2023 LSB11029

Infrastructure Codes, Standards, and Regulations: Frequently Asked Questions

August 29, 2023 R47666

Removal Proceedings and the Immigration Court Backlog

August 28, 2023 IG10041

Bureau of Reclamation: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations

March 30, 2023 – August 28, 2023 IF12369

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 21, 2023–August 27, 2023)

August 28, 2023 LSB11028

FY2024 NDAA: TRICARE Coverage of Gender-Affirming Care

July 20, 2023 – August 28, 2023 IN12203

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2024 Appropriations

August 28, 2023 R47664

Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

December 11, 2006 – August 28, 2023 RL33745

Medication Abortion: New Litigation May Affect Access

February 14, 2023 – August 28, 2023 LSB10919

Federal Policies to Expand Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

August 28, 2023 R47675

U.S. Arms Transfer Restrictions and AUKUS Cooperation

August 28, 2023 IF12483

Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2023 State of Play

September 8, 2022 – August 28, 2023 R47239

Defining and Regulating Online Platforms

August 25, 2023 R47662

Discretionary Budget Authority by Subfunction: An Overview

March 29, 2011 – August 25, 2023 R41726

Federal Aviation Administration Reauthorization: Legislative Action in the 118th Congress

August 25, 2023 IF12482

Child Nutrition Reauthorization (CNR): An Overview

July 28, 2015 – August 25, 2023 IF10266

The Section 45Q Tax Credit for Carbon Sequestration

March 12, 2020 – August 25, 2023 IF11455

U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Considerations for Congress

October 15, 2001 – August 25, 2023 RS21048

OMB Issues Final Guidance on “Buy America” Domestic Preference Requirements

August 24, 2023 IN12230

Pell Grants for Short-Term Programs: Background and Legislation in the 118th Congress

August 3, 2023 – August 24, 2023 R47647

Statues and Busts in the U.S. Capitol: Collections and Authorities

September 7, 2022 – August 24, 2023 IF12209

Circumvention Inquiry into Solar Imports

June 8, 2022 – August 24, 2023 IN11946

Medicaid and Incarcerated Individuals

May 12, 2021 – August 24, 2023 IF11830

Emergency Relief for Disaster-Damaged Public Transportation Systems: In Brief

August 24, 2023 R47661

Côte d’Ivoire

August 24, 2023 IF12479

The UPS-Teamsters Labor Dispute and Taft-Hartley’s National Emergency Provisions

August 16, 2023 – August 24, 2023 IF12474

Antitrust Agencies Release Draft Merger Guidelines and Propose HSR Rule Changes

August 24, 2023 LSB11027

Navy Shipboard Lasers: Background and Issues for Congress

September 2, 2015 – August 24, 2023 R44175

The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Exemption for Executive, Administrative, and Professional Employees

August 24, 2023 IF12480

TRICARE’s Next Generation Contracts: T-5

August 6, 2021 – August 24, 2023 IN11719

Navy LPD-17 Flight II and LHA Amphibious Ship Programs: Background and Issues for Congress

May 21, 2014 – August 23, 2023 R43543

Navy TAGOS-25 Ocean Surveillance Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress

May 27, 2021 – August 23, 2023 IF11838

Project AWARE

August 23, 2023 IF12478

Tracking Federal Awards: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources

May 13, 2015 – August 23, 2023 R44027

Flood Buyouts: Federal Funding for Property Acquisition

April 8, 2022 – August 23, 2023 IN11911

FY2024 NDAA: Military Construction and Housing Authorizations

August 23, 2023 IN12229

DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FY2024 Appropriations

April 4, 2023 – August 23, 2023 IF12376

Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2024 Provisions

August 23, 2023 R47663

January 8, 2016 – August 22, 2023 IF10238

The Army’s Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF)

March 29, 2021 – August 22, 2023 IF11797

Law Enforcement and Technology: Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems

August 22, 2023 R47660

Department of Defense Directed Energy Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress

September 28, 2021 – August 22, 2023 R46925

Public Corruption and the Limits of Federal Fraud Statutes

August 21, 2023 LSB11025

The U.S. “Housing Recession”

August 21, 2023 IN12227

Meme Stock MMTLP and FINRA Trading Halt

August 21, 2023 IN12228

Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Nuclear Weapons Activities: In Brief

August 21, 2023 R47657

Hypersonic Missile Defense: Issues for Congress

August 17, 2020 – August 21, 2023 IF11623

China Primer: South China Sea Disputes

February 23, 2017 – August 21, 2023 IF10607

Army Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs)

October 24, 2018 – August 21, 2023 IF10675

Expiration of the Farm Bill

August 21, 2023 R47659

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 14, 2023–August 20, 2023)

August 21, 2023 LSB11026

Financial Institution Insolvency and the Federal Response to the Regional Bank Failures of 2023

August 21, 2023 R47658

Brunei Darussalam

October 22, 2018 – August 18, 2023 IF11009

FDA’s Oversight of Hemp-Derived Compounds

August 18, 2023 IF12477

Outreach for Socially Disadvantaged Producers (2501 Program)

August 18, 2023 IF12475

The Individual Income Tax, 2023

August 18, 2023 IG10040

Supreme Court Limits States’ Ability to Challenge Immigration Enforcement Policies

August 18, 2023 LSB11023

SBA’s Women-Owned Small Business Contracting Program

August 18, 2023 IF12476

On the Radio: Public Performance Rights in Sound Recordings

August 3, 2023 – August 18, 2023 R47642

1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom: Fact Sheet

August 18, 2023 R47655

The Debate over Extending the Section 199A Deduction for Qualified Business Income

August 18, 2023 IN12226

The Section 179 and Section 168(k) Expensing Allowances: Current Law, Economic Effects, and Selected Policy Issues

June 24, 2003 – August 18, 2023 RL31852

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Federal Election Campaigns: Legal Background and Constitutional Considerations for Legislation

August 4, 2023 – August 17, 2023 IF12468

U.S.-UK Trade Relations

March 5, 2019 – August 17, 2023 IF11123

Online Age Verification (Part I): Current Context

August 17, 2023 LSB11020

The U.S. Marine Corps Marine Littoral Regiment (MLR)

August 25, 2022 – August 17, 2023 IF12200

Mountain Valley Pipeline Litigation Tests Congress’s Power to Limit Federal Court Jurisdiction

July 21, 2023 – August 17, 2023 LSB11010

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress

July 11, 2011 – August 17, 2023 R41909

Online Age Verification (Part III): Select Constitutional Issues

August 17, 2023 LSB11022

Online Age Verification (Part II): Constitutional Background

August 17, 2023 LSB11021

Foreign Students: Screening and Monitoring

August 17, 2023 IG10039

Fire Management Assistance Grants: Frequently Asked Questions

September 25, 2014 – August 17, 2023 R43738

Immigration Options for Immigration Parolees

August 17, 2023 R47654

FY2024 NDAA: Department of Defense Acquisition Policy

August 17, 2023 IN12225

The Orphan Drug Act and Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, Inc., v. Becerra

August 17, 2023 R47653

Sources for Frequently Requested Foreclosure Statistics

August 16, 2023 R47651

Social Security: Future Financial Status and Accuracy of Projections

August 16, 2023 R47650

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments

August 15, 2023 – August 16, 2023 IN12222

Air Quality: EPA’s 2023 Proposed Changes to the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard

August 16, 2023 R47652

Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress

February 19, 2002 – August 16, 2023 RS20643

The Georgia Indictment of Former President Trump: A Snapshot

August 16, 2023 LSB11024

An Overview of H.R. 4763, Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act

August 16, 2023 IN12223

FY2024 NDAA: Defense Industrial Base Policy

August 15, 2023 IN12221

Summer Food for Children: An Overview of Federal Aid

August 27, 2020 – August 15, 2023 IF11633

Crisis in Mali

July 28, 2014 – August 15, 2023 IF10116

Terrorist Material Support: An Overview of 18 U.S.C. § 2339A and § 2339B

July 19, 2010 – August 15, 2023 R41333

FEMA and SBA Disaster Assistance for Individuals and Households: Application Processes, Determinations, and Appeals

June 22, 2018 – August 15, 2023 R45238

PREVENT Pandemics Act (P.L. 117-328, Division FF, Title II)

August 15, 2023 R47649

Terrorist Material Support: A Sketch of 18 U.S.C. § 2339A and § 2339B

July 19, 2010 – August 15, 2023 R41334

FEMA’s Individuals and Households Program (IHP)—Implementation and Considerations for Congress

December 21, 2021 – August 14, 2023 R47015

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: A Primer on TANF Financing and Federal Requirements

January 8, 2007 – August 14, 2023 RL32748

U.S.-China Competition in Emerging Technologies: LiDAR

August 14, 2023 IF12473

Moldova: An Overview

October 15, 2018 – August 14, 2023 IF10894

Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions

February 27, 2013 – August 14, 2023 R42972

Broadcasting Federal Criminal Proceedings

August 14, 2023 IN12220

August 2023 Wildfires in Hawaii

August 11, 2023 – August 14, 2023 IN12218

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 7, 2023–August 11, 2023)

August 14, 2023 LSB11019

Clinical Fentanyl Testing

August 11, 2023 IN12219

Federal Assistance for Wildfire Response and Recovery

June 27, 2018 – August 11, 2023 IF10732

National Park Service: FY2024 Appropriations

June 26, 2023 – August 11, 2023 IF12436

May 22, 2019 – August 10, 2023 IF10316

Procedures for Declassifying Intelligence of Public Interest

August 4, 2022 – August 10, 2023 IF12183

How to Develop and Write a Grant Proposal

November 26, 2003 – August 10, 2023 RL32159

Turkey (Türkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations

April 23, 2015 – August 10, 2023 R44000

Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF)

April 4, 2023 – August 10, 2023 IF12373

2023 Hurricane Outlooks and 2022 Hurricane Season Review

May 30, 2023 – August 10, 2023 IN12167

DHS’s Cybersecurity Mission—An Overview

December 19, 2018 – August 9, 2023 IF10683

Cybersecurity: Selected Cyberattacks, 2012-2022

November 22, 2021 – August 9, 2023 R46974

Tax Proposals and the PGA Tour-LIV Golf Merger

August 9, 2023 IF12471

The Intelligence Community’s Foreign Malign Influence Center (FMIC)

August 9, 2023 IF12470

Economic Forecasts and Projections: Fact Sheet

October 26, 2022 – August 9, 2023 R47295

Medicare Secondary Payer: Coordination of Benefits

July 10, 2008 – August 9, 2023 RL33587

Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress

October 28, 2004 – August 8, 2023 RL32109

Introduction to Financial Services: The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

January 4, 2021 – August 8, 2023 IF11714

Navy Constellation (FFG-62) Class Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress

September 28, 2017 – August 8, 2023 R44972

Venezuela: Overview of U.S. Sanctions

February 25, 2019 – August 8, 2023 IF10715

Short Selling: Background and Policy Issues

May 12, 2023 – August 8, 2023 IF12400

U.S.-Kenya Trade Negotiations

May 1, 2020 – August 8, 2023 IF11526

Deferred Maintenance of Federal Land Management Agencies: FY2013-FY2022 Estimates and Issues

April 21, 2015 – August 8, 2023 R43997

The Bahamas: An Overview

January 24, 2018 – August 8, 2023 IF10666

SBA Disaster Loan Program: Frequently Asked Questions

March 9, 2016 – August 8, 2023 R44412

Defining Active Ingredient: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Legal Interpretation of Regulatory Exclusivities

December 10, 2019 – August 8, 2023 R46110

Family Office Regulation in Light of the Archegos Fallout

May 10, 2021 – August 8, 2023 IF11825

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Border Enforcement

August 7, 2023 IN12216

Navy John Lewis (TAO-205) Class Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress

April 25, 2014 – August 7, 2023 R43546

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 31, 2023–August 6, 2023)

August 7, 2023 LSB11018

Protection of Undersea Telecommunication Cables: Issues for Congress

August 7, 2023 R47648

Navy Medium Landing Ship (LSM) (Previously Light Amphibious Warship [LAW]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

May 27, 2020 – August 7, 2023 R46374

Navy Next-Generation Attack Submarine (SSN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

May 10, 2021 – August 4, 2023 IF11826

Supreme Court Rules Bankruptcy Code Abrogates Tribal Sovereign Immunity

August 4, 2023 LSB11017

Artificial Intelligence: Overview, Recent Advances, and Considerations for the 118th Congress

August 4, 2023 R47644

China and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

August 4, 2023 IF12469

Israel: Controversy over Judicial System Changes and Proposals

August 4, 2023 IN12214

USDA’s SECURE Rule to Regulate Agricultural Biotechnology

June 12, 2020 – August 4, 2023 IF11573

PEPFAR Extension Act of 2018: Expiring Authorities

July 28, 2023 – August 4, 2023 IF12463

U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils

August 4, 2023 R47645

FY2024 NDAA: TRICARE for Reservists

August 4, 2023 IN12215

Independence of Federal Financial Regulators: Structure, Funding, and Other Issues

February 24, 2014 – August 3, 2023 R43391

Guam: Defense Infrastructure and Readiness

August 3, 2023 R47643

National Emergencies Act Expenditure Reports

August 3, 2023 IN12213

Expiration of 1915(l) Medicaid State Plan Option

August 3, 2023 IN12212

Navy DDG(X) Next-Generation Destroyer Program: Background and Issues for Congress

November 4, 2020 – August 3, 2023 IF11679

Overview of FY2024 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

May 18, 2023 – August 3, 2023 R47566

Syria Conflict Overview: 2011-2021

January 23, 2019 – August 3, 2023 IF11080

Overview of the Indictment of Former President Trump Related to the 2020 Election

August 3, 2023 LSB11016

A Guide to Major Congressional and Presidential Awards

January 28, 2022 – August 3, 2023 R47020

Russia’s Wagner Group in Africa: Issues for Congress

April 26, 2023 – August 3, 2023 IF12389

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States

February 5, 2019 – August 3, 2023 IF10177

Energy Leasing and Agreement Authorities on Tribal Lands: In Brief

August 2, 2023 R47640

The Inflation Reduction Act: Financial Incentives for Residential Energy Efficiency and Electrification Projects

November 28, 2022 – August 2, 2023 IF12258

U.S. Center for SafeSport: A Primer

August 2, 2023 IF12467

Senate Staff Levels, 1977-2022

March 19, 2015 – August 2, 2023 R43946

The Blue Slip Process for U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations (1917-Present)

October 2, 2017 – August 2, 2023 R44975

State Department Passport Services: Background and Issues for Congress

August 2, 2023 IF12466

Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress

September 1, 2006 – August 2, 2023 RS22478

Federal and State Courts: Structure and Interaction

August 2, 2023 R47641

Regulating Drinking Water Contaminants: EPA PFAS Actions

May 21, 2019 – August 2, 2023 IF11219

Navy Light Replenishment Oiler (TAOL) (Previously Next-Generation Logistics Ship [NGLS]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

October 29, 2020 – August 1, 2023 IF11674

Xylazine: Considerations for Federal Control

February 2, 2023 – August 1, 2023 IN12086

January 10, 2019 – August 1, 2023 IF10404

Economic Development Administration: An Overview of Programs and Appropriations (FY2011-FY2023)

December 17, 2021 – August 1, 2023 R46991

Foreign Leaders Addressing Congress

April 4, 2019 – August 1, 2023 IF10211

Presidential Medal of Freedom

August 1, 2023 R47639

Russia’s Wagner Private Military Company (PMC)

March 13, 2023 – August 1, 2023 IF12344

June 26, 2015 – August 1, 2023 IF10247

Public Health Funding and the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

July 31, 2023 IN12208

Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (Polar Icebreaker) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

February 26, 2008 – July 31, 2023 RL34391

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 24, 2023–July 30, 2023)

July 31, 2023 LSB11015

FY2024 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity

July 31, 2023 IN12210

5G Fund for Rural America: Current Status and Issues

July 31, 2023 IF12465

Harmonic Dissonance—Synching Up Cybersecurity Regulations

July 31, 2023 IN12211

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): An Overview

November 27, 2013 – July 31, 2023 R43325

Coast Guard Waterways Commerce Cutter (WCC) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

October 26, 2020 – July 31, 2023 IF11672

Consol-Type Perpetual Bonds and the Debt Limit: In Brief

July 31, 2023 R47638

FY2024 NDAA: Summary of Funding Authorizations

July 31, 2023 IN12209

Niger: In Focus

July 31, 2023 IF12464

Trinidad and Tobago

June 26, 2018 – July 28, 2023 IF10914

Experimental Populations Under the Endangered Species Act and Gray Wolves

May 30, 2023 – July 28, 2023 R47581

Immigration Judge Hiring and Projected Impact on the Immigration Courts Backlog

July 28, 2023 R47637

Russia’s War Against Ukraine: Related CRS Products

March 30, 2022 – July 28, 2023 R47054

Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Actions

June 12, 2013 – July 28, 2023 R42072

State Regulation of Foreign Ownership of U.S. Land: January to June 2023

July 28, 2023 LSB11013

Temporary Protected Status and Deferred Enforced Departure

November 4, 2004 – July 28, 2023 RS20844

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): Overview and Issues for Congress

July 28, 2023 R47636

May 5, 2015 – July 27, 2023 IF10155

House-Passed FAA Bill Leaves Existing Reagan National Airport Slot and Perimeter Rules Intact

July 27, 2023 IN12206

The Congressional Budget Process Timeline

September 7, 2022 – July 27, 2023 R47235

Social Media Algorithms: Content Recommendation, Moderation, and Congressional Considerations

July 27, 2023 IF12462

Electric Bicycles (E-Bikes) on Federal Lands

July 27, 2023 IF12459

Tribal Disaster Risk and Selected Federal Resources

July 27, 2023 IF12460

Experimental Populations Under the Endangered Species Act

May 23, 2023 – July 27, 2023 IF12407

Mountain Valley Pipeline: Congressional Authorization

October 13, 2022 – July 27, 2023 IN12032

Louisiana Court Rules on Government Communications with Social Media Companies

July 26, 2023 LSB11012

Federal Small Business Contracting Goals

September 15, 2022 – July 26, 2023 IN12018

Stafford Act Cost Shares: History, Trends, Analysis

July 26, 2023 R47646

Casino Gambling and Economic Development

July 26, 2023 IF12461

The SBA’s 8(a) Business Development Program

July 26, 2023 IF12458

Federal Employee Travel: Per Diem Reimbursement Rates

July 26, 2023 IF12457

Chile: An Overview

May 8, 2018 – July 26, 2023 IF10880

Belts and Suspenders: Analysis of Large Bank Capital Standards

July 26, 2023 R47634

Legislative Changes to the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program

August 17, 2022 – July 26, 2023 IN11989

The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy: Issues and Options for the 118th Congress

July 26, 2023 R47635

The U.S. Capitol Police: Brief Background

January 12, 2021 – July 25, 2023 IN11570

Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress

July 31, 2000 – July 25, 2023 RL30631

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Regulation of Employee Exposure to Heat

July 13, 2021 – July 25, 2023 IN11701

The Role of Earmarks in CWSRF and DWSRF Appropriations in the 117th Congress

July 25, 2023 R47633

An Introduction to Trademark Law in the United States

July 24, 2023 IF12456

FBI Headquarters Site Selection Process

July 24, 2023 IN12204

Federal Reserve Launches FedNow

July 24, 2023 IN12207

The Arms Trade Treaty

December 23, 2016 – July 24, 2023 IF10567

Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program: Frequently Asked Questions

May 6, 2021 – July 24, 2023 IN11663

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 17, 2023–July 23, 2023)

July 24, 2023 LSB11011

Energy Tax Credits and the Global Minimum Tax

June 30, 2023 – July 21, 2023 IF12439

Lesser Prairie Chicken Listing Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA)

July 21, 2023 R47632

Sub-Saharan Africa: Overview and U.S. Engagement

December 7, 2018 – July 21, 2023 R45428

State Department Country Reports on Terrorism: 2001–2021

August 18, 2017 – July 21, 2023 IF10710

Long-Term Care Insurance: Overview

August 6, 2020 – July 21, 2023 IF11614

Race Discrimination at School: Title VI and the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights

July 21, 2023 IF12455

U.S.-South Korea (KORUS) FTA and Bilateral Trade Relations

December 28, 2018 – July 21, 2023 IF10733

The PREP Act and COVID-19, Part 2: The PREP Act Declaration for COVID-19 Countermeasures

April 13, 2022 – July 21, 2023 LSB10730

North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons and Missile Programs

January 29, 2019 – July 21, 2023 IF10472

Bank Failures and Congressional Oversight

July 21, 2023 IF12454

H.R. 4563, the American Confidence in Elections Act (ACE Act): Legal Background

July 21, 2023 IF12453

The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP): Overview and Issues for Congress

July 9, 2013 – July 20, 2023 R43141

U.S. Sanctions on Iran

July 20, 2023 IF12452

Legal Challenges to the Terrorist Screening Database

July 20, 2023 LSB11009

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works: Primer and Resources

November 24, 2021 – July 20, 2023 IN11810

NATO’s 2023 Vilnius Summit

July 5, 2023 – July 20, 2023 IN12192

Supreme Court Narrows Access to Habeas Corpus Relief for Federal Inmates

July 19, 2023 LSB11007

Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft

October 22, 2013 – July 19, 2023 R42100

The Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Program

January 28, 2015 – July 19, 2023 IF10113

Child Support Enforcement: Program Basics

February 15, 2006 – July 19, 2023 RS22380

H.R. 4563, the American Confidence in Elections (ACE) Act

July 19, 2023 IF12451

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers: Background and Current Status

August 2, 2022 – July 19, 2023 R47200

The Child Support Enforcement Program: Summary of Laws Enacted Since 1950

July 19, 2023 R47630

Environmental Justice and the National Environmental Policy Act

July 19, 2023 LSB11008

Changes to IRS Funding in the Debt Limit Deal

June 5, 2023 – July 19, 2023 IN12172

Libya and U.S. Policy

May 20, 2020 – July 19, 2023 IF11556

Fourth Circuit Says Public Charter Schools Are State Actors, Supreme Court Declines to Weigh In

May 5, 2023 – July 19, 2023 LSB10958

Strategic Competition in the Arctic

July 18, 2023 TE10084

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 10, 2023–July 16, 2023)

July 17, 2023 LSB11006

FY2024 NDAA: Military Child Care Programs

July 17, 2023 IN12202

Federal Disaster Assistance for Businesses: Summaries and Policy Options

July 17, 2023 R47631

The Department of Homeland Security’s “Metering” Policy: Legal Issues

April 29, 2019 – July 17, 2023 LSB10295

The National Cybersecurity Strategy—Going Where No Strategy Has Gone Before

March 8, 2023 – July 17, 2023 IN12123

United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System

May 22, 2018 – July 14, 2023 IF10354

The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement (High Seas Treaty)

December 15, 2022 – July 14, 2023 IF12283

Gun Control, Veterans’ Benefits, and Mental Incompetency Determinations

July 14, 2023 R47626

United Nations Issues: Overview of the United Nations System

March 4, 2021 – July 14, 2023 IF11780

Department of Defense Community Support Programs

July 14, 2023 R47629

Housing Issues in the 118th Congress

July 14, 2023 R47628

Chemical Security: Regulatory Implications of Terrorism Risk Assessment Methodology

July 14, 2023 IN12199

Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2023

September 1, 2022 – July 13, 2023 IF12204

Holds on Nominations

July 13, 2023 IN12200

The House Consensus Calendar: Principal Features and Practice in the 117th Congress (2021-2022)

July 13, 2023 R47625

International Law and Agreements: Their Effect upon U.S. Law

August 16, 2004 – July 13, 2023 RL32528

Australia: Background and U.S. Relations

February 26, 2019 – July 12, 2023 IF10491

Stablecoin Policy Issues for the 118th Congress

July 12, 2023 IF12450

Kuwait: Issues for the 118th Congress

January 19, 2023 – July 12, 2023 R47390

U.S. Trade Policy: Future Direction and Key Economic Debates

February 9, 2023 – July 12, 2023 IF12327

The Equal Rights Amendment: Background and Recent Legal Developments

July 11, 2023 R47619

Frequently Asked Questions: Mapping of U.S. Ocean and Coastal Waters

July 11, 2023 R47623

The Future of the Universal Service Fund and Related Broadband Programs

July 11, 2023 R47621

Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements

January 29, 2007 – July 11, 2023 RL33865

Supreme Court Holds That Federal Labor Relations Authority Has Jurisdiction to Regulate State National Guards

July 11, 2023 LSB11005

Canada: Background and U.S. Relations

July 11, 2023 R47620

Connecting Constituents with Federal Assistance for Businesses

July 11, 2023 IF12449

The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP): Background and Funding

November 19, 2018 – July 11, 2023 R45408

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 3, 2023–July 9, 2023)

July 10, 2023 LSB11004

Post-Wildfire Debris Flows: Federal Role in Assessment and Warning

July 10, 2023 R47618

The U.S. Housing Underbuilding Gap

July 10, 2023 IN12195

Supreme Court Rules That Statutory Criminalization of Encouraging or Inducing Illegal Immigration Is Not Facially Overbroad Under the First Amendment

July 10, 2023 LSB11003

Economic Development Administration Announces New Recompete Program

July 10, 2023 IN12201

The Biden Administration’s One-Time Student Loan Debt Relief Policy under the HEROES Act of 2003

August 26, 2022 – July 10, 2023 IN11997

Central American Migration: Root Causes and U.S. Policy

March 27, 2019 – July 10, 2023 IF11151

The Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program: An Overview

March 9, 2020 – July 10, 2023 R46260

Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Selected Congressional Notification Requirements

May 7, 2018 – July 10, 2023 R45191

The Federal Statistical System: A Primer

July 10, 2023 IN12197

FY2024 NDAA: Basic Needs Allowance and Military Food Insecurity

July 10, 2023 IN12196

Venezuela’s Natural Gas: Questions Endure

July 7, 2023 IF12448

Wildfire Smoke and Air Quality

July 7, 2023 IN12194

U.S. Housing Supply: Recent Trends and Policy Considerations

July 7, 2023 R47617

303 Creative v. Elenis: Supreme Court Recognizes Free Speech Exception to Nondiscrimination Law

July 6, 2023 LSB11000

The U.S. Army’s Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System (Formerly Mid-Range Capabilities [MRC] System)

June 16, 2022 – July 6, 2023 IF12135

Supreme Court Invalidates Student Loan Cancellation Policy Under the HEROES Act

July 5, 2023 LSB10997

Federal Capital Offenses: An Overview of Substantive and Procedural Law

November 18, 2014 – July 5, 2023 R42095

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms

June 16, 2023 – July 5, 2023 IF12430

Groff v. DeJoy: Supreme Court Clarifies Employment Protections for Religious Workers

July 5, 2023 LSB10999

“Reserved” but Not “Secured”: Supreme Court Sinks Navajo Nation’s Attempt to Compel Federal Action on Tribal Water Rights

July 5, 2023 LSB11001

Federal Capital Offenses: An Abridged Overview of Substantive and Procedural Law

November 18, 2014 – July 5, 2023 R42096

South Korea: Background and U.S. Relations

June 12, 2015 – July 5, 2023 IF10165

The Federal Flood Risk Management Standard (FFRMS)

July 5, 2023 IN12193

Georgia: Background and U.S. Policy

September 5, 2018 – July 3, 2023 R45307

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 26–July 2, 2023), Part 1

July 3, 2023 LSB10995

Pregnancy and Labor: An Overview of Federal Laws Protecting Pregnant Workers

June 17, 2021 – July 3, 2023 R46821

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 26, 2023–July 2, 2023), Part 2

July 3, 2023 LSB10996

Missing and Murdered Indigenous People (MMIP): Overview of Recent Research, Legislation, and Selected Issues for Congress

January 10, 2022 – July 3, 2023 R47010

The Supreme Court Strikes Down Affirmative Action at Harvard and the University of North Carolina

January 6, 2023 – June 30, 2023 LSB10893

Equal Protection: Strict Scrutiny of Racial Classifications

April 27, 2023 – June 30, 2023 IF12391

The 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax: Overview, Data, and Policy Options

April 28, 2021 – June 30, 2023 IF11820

Status of Efforts to Restore Chesapeake Bay Water Quality

January 8, 2020 – June 30, 2023 IF11402

Forest Service Assistance Programs

June 7, 2018 – June 30, 2023 R45219

TikTok: Technology Overview and Issues

September 25, 2020 – June 30, 2023 R46543

Fixed Technologies Used to Deliver Broadband Service: A Primer and Considerations for Congress

June 30, 2023 IF12441

U.S. Marine Corps Force Design 2030 Initiative: Background and Issues for Congress

June 30, 2023 R47614

Title IX’s Religious Exemption: Agency Practice and Judicial Application

June 29, 2023 R47613

Major Votes on Free Trade Agreements and Trade Promotion Authority

July 31, 2019 – June 29, 2023 R45846

Department of Health and Human Services: FY2024 Budget Request

June 29, 2023 R47616

Supreme Court Considers Meaning of “An Offense Relating to Obstruction of Justice” for Immigration Enforcement Purposes

June 29, 2023 LSB10994

Independence Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

June 17, 2015 – June 29, 2023 R44076

Arts and Culture in Economic Development Policy

June 29, 2023 IF12446

India-U.S.: Major Arms Transfers and Military Exercises

June 29, 2023 IF12438

Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

June 1, 2023 – June 28, 2023 IN12168

New Zealand–U.S. Relations

May 2, 2017 – June 28, 2023 IF10389

CDBG-DR Process Standardization: Recent HUD Actions and Selected Legislative Proposals

June 28, 2023 IN12191

Increasing Numbers of Unaccompanied Children at the Southwest Border

March 25, 2021 – June 28, 2023 IN11638

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Reauthorization Issues for the 118th Congress

June 28, 2023 R47608

Finding Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) Payment System Rules: Schedules and Resources

May 21, 2021 – June 28, 2023 R46797

Introduction to Veterans Health Care

December 16, 2016 – June 28, 2023 IF10555

Wagner Group Mutiny in Russia

June 28, 2023 IN12186

August 24, 2018 – June 28, 2023 IF10325

South Africa-Russia Ties: A U.S. Response?

June 27, 2023 IN12185

The Army’s XM-30 Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicle (Formerly Known as the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle [OMFV])

May 3, 2022 – June 27, 2023 IF12094

Bureau of Reclamation Funding in the Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169)

June 27, 2023 IF12437

Temporary Commemorations on Federal Land in the District of Columbia

May 30, 2023 – June 27, 2023 IF12416

The Eighteenth Amendment and National Prohibition, Part 3: Temperance Movements

June 26, 2023 LSB10987

National Park Service: FY2023 Appropriations

May 19, 2022 – June 26, 2023 IF12112

Federal Grant Technical Assistance: Definition, Use, and Considerations for Congress

June 26, 2023 R47607

The Eighteenth Amendment and National Prohibition, Part 7: Repeal

June 26, 2023 LSB10991

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 19–June 25, 2023), Part 1

June 26, 2023 LSB10984

Connecting Older Adults to Information on Benefits and Services

June 26, 2023 R47605

Federal Student Loans Made Through the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program: Terms and Conditions for Borrowers

September 24, 2019 – June 26, 2023 R45931

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 19–June 25, 2023), Part 2

June 26, 2023 LSB10992

Accommodation and Contempt of Congress: Two Oversight Case Studies

June 26, 2023 IN12184

Firearms and Ammunition Excise Tax (FAET)

July 22, 2022 – June 26, 2023 IF12173

The Eighteenth Amendment and National Prohibition, Part 1: Introduction

June 26, 2023 LSB10985

The Eighteenth Amendment and National Prohibition, Part 4: Early Prohibition Laws

June 26, 2023 LSB10988

The Eighteenth Amendment and National Prohibition, Part 5: Proposal and Ratification

June 26, 2023 LSB10989

The Eighteenth Amendment and National Prohibition, Part 6: Supreme Court Cases

June 26, 2023 LSB10990

The Eighteenth Amendment and National Prohibition, Part 2: The Colonial Era

June 26, 2023 LSB10986

Student Loans: A Timeline of Actions Taken in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic

June 21, 2022 – June 23, 2023 IF12136

Transgender Athletes: Education Department Proposes Amendment to Title IX Regulations

June 23, 2023 LSB10983

The FRA’s Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs

June 23, 2023 IN12183

Monuments and Memorials Authorized and Completed Under the Commemorative Works Act in the District of Columbia

October 9, 2014 – June 23, 2023 R43743

Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations

July 14, 2006 – June 23, 2023 RL33546

National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options

April 14, 2014 – June 23, 2023 R42812

China’s Engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean

September 18, 2018 – June 23, 2023 IF10982

Line 5 Pipeline: Replacement/Tunnel Project

November 9, 2021 – June 23, 2023 IN11798

Medicaid Financing for the Territories

October 29, 2018 – June 22, 2023 IF11012

Oil Spills: Background and Governance

October 25, 2006 – June 22, 2023 RL33705

The Information and Communications Technology and Services (ICTS) Rule and Review Process

February 12, 2021 – June 22, 2023 IF11760

Concurrent Receipt of Military Retired Pay and Veteran Disability: Background and Issues for Congress

May 21, 2009 – June 22, 2023 R40589

Secondary Cockpit Barriers for Airline Aircraft

June 22, 2023 IF12435

Older Americans Act: COVID-19 Response

June 22, 2023 R47602

Legislative History of Medicaid Financing for the Territories

June 22, 2023 R47601

2023 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review: Evolution of a Strategic Review

December 12, 2014 – June 22, 2023 IF10024

War Powers Resolution: Expedited Procedures in the House and Senate

June 22, 2023 R47603

Social Security: Major Decisions in the House and Senate Since 1935

March 26, 2001 – June 22, 2023 RL30920

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant

January 6, 2015 – June 22, 2023 IF10036

Office of Management and Budget (OMB): An Overview

February 14, 2005 – June 22, 2023 RS21665

The Army’s M -10 Booker (formerly known as Mobile Protected Firepower (MPF)) System

June 17, 2021 – June 22, 2023 IF11859

Waters of the United States (WOTUS): Frequently Asked Questions About the Scope of the Clean Water Act

February 6, 2023 – June 22, 2023 R47408

Health Care-Related Expiring Provisions of the 118th Congress, First Session

June 22, 2023 R47604

Global Food Security: Selected Multilateral Efforts

June 21, 2023 IF12434

Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT): Section 6902 Payments

February 25, 2021 – June 21, 2023 IF11772

Supreme Court Narrows Federal Jurisdiction Under Clean Water Act

June 21, 2023 LSB10981

Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action

September 11, 2020 – June 21, 2023 IF11646

Federal Land Management: When “Multiple Use” and “Sustained Yield” Diverge

June 21, 2023 LSB10982

Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy

March 5, 2018 – June 21, 2023 R45122

Transfer and Reprogramming of Appropriations: An Overview

June 20, 2023 R47600

Unanimous Supreme Court Rules Bankruptcy Sale Statute Is Not Jurisdictional

June 20, 2023 LSB10979

I-95 Overpass Collapse in Philadelphia and the Federal Response

June 12, 2023 – June 20, 2023 IN12175

AUKUS Pillar 2: Background and Issues for Congress

June 20, 2023 R47599

Dynamic Scoring for Tax Legislation: A Review of Models

January 24, 2014 – June 20, 2023 R43381

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 12–June 18, 2023)

June 20, 2023 LSB10980

April 24, 2015 – June 20, 2023 IF10214

India-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress

June 16, 2023 R47597

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: A Primer

June 16, 2023 IF12431

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Federalism

June 16, 2023 IN12182

A Brief Examination of Union Membership Data

June 16, 2023 R47596

CPTPP: Overview and Issues for Congress

April 8, 2022 – June 16, 2023 IF12078

Pandemic Oversight: The Biden Administration’s New Anti-Fraud Proposal

June 15, 2023 R47593

Managing Electronic Messages from High-Level Officials Through Capstone

June 15, 2023 IF12432

The SBA’s Historically Underutilized Business Zone (HUBZone) Program

June 15, 2023 IF12428

The EU’s MIFID II, Broker Research, and the SEC’s No-Action Letters

June 15, 2023 IF12427

The President’s Authority to Use the National Guard or the Armed Forces to Secure the Border

April 19, 2018 – June 15, 2023 LSB10121

India: Human Rights Assessments

August 23, 2022 – June 15, 2023 IF12198

Budget Enforcement Rules: Emergency Designations

June 15, 2023 R47594

Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program: Issues and Congressional Considerations

June 15, 2023 IF12429

Interstate Compacts: An Overview

August 15, 2022 – June 15, 2023 LSB10807

Colombia: Issues for the 118th Congress

June 14, 2023 IN12180

FY2022 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

June 14, 2023 R47598

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 5–June 11, 2023)

June 13, 2023 LSB10977

National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities: FY2023 Appropriations

September 22, 2022 – June 13, 2023 R47248

DOE’s Proposed Regulation on Electricity Distribution Transformers

June 13, 2023 IN12179

President Reagan’s Six Assurances to Taiwan

October 8, 2020 – June 13, 2023 IF11665

Taiwan: Political and Security Issues

October 15, 2018 – June 13, 2023 IF10275

Supreme Court Addresses Scope of False Claims Act’s Knowledge Requirement

June 13, 2023 LSB10978

Children’s Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (CHGME)

January 3, 2018 – June 13, 2023 R45067

FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Space-based Satellite Programs

June 13, 2023 IN12176

Planning and Paying for College: Federal Government Resources

December 29, 2020 – June 13, 2023 IN11563

Reliance on Treasury Department and IRS Tax Guidance

July 21, 2020 – June 12, 2023 IF11604

From Slip Law to United States Code: A Guide to Federal Statutes for Congressional Offices

May 2, 2018 – June 12, 2023 R45190

Congressional Primer on Responding to and Recovering from Major Disasters and Emergencies

August 31, 2011 – June 12, 2023 R41981

FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Strategic Missile Programs

June 12, 2023 IN12174

Federal Standards and Guidelines for Voting Systems: Overview and Potential Considerations for Congress

June 12, 2023 R47592

Votes on Measures to Adjust the Statutory Debt Limit, 1978 to Present

May 10, 2011 – June 12, 2023 R41814

Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt

November 23, 2005 – June 9, 2023 RS22331

Central Asia: Implications of Russia’s War in Ukraine

June 9, 2023 R47591

The European Parliament and U.S. Interests

May 16, 2019 – June 9, 2023 IF11211

Defense Primer: International Armaments Cooperation

June 9, 2023 IF12425

The Mar-a-Lago Indictment: A Legal Introduction

August 23, 2022 – June 9, 2023 LSB10810

Generative Artificial Intelligence: Overview, Issues, and Questions for Congress

June 9, 2023 IF12426

U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations

August 1, 2018 – June 9, 2023 IF10931

Chevron Deference in the Courts of Appeals

June 8, 2023 LSB10976

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Provisions Expiring in 2023

June 8, 2023 IN12173

Archival Records of Congress: Frequently Asked Questions

June 8, 2023 R47590

Title X Family Planning Program

January 21, 2015 – June 8, 2023 IF10051

Graduation: Fact Sheet

May 7, 2015 – June 8, 2023 R44021

Immigration 101: Executive Branch Agencies Involved with Immigration

June 7, 2023 IF12424

Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2023

September 19, 2012 – June 7, 2023 R42738

Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 Consultation

June 7, 2023 IF12423

FEMA Assistance: Limited English Proficiency and Equity

November 1, 2022 – June 7, 2023 IF12263

Recent Mortgage Pricing Directive for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

April 27, 2023 – June 7, 2023 IN12151

U.S. Forest Carbon Data: In Brief

April 15, 2020 – June 6, 2023 R46313

The Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act: Background and Issues

February 26, 2013 – June 6, 2023 R41303

Congressional Review of Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines

June 6, 2023 IF12422

U.S. Defense Infrastructure in the Indo-Pacific: Background and Issues for Congress

June 6, 2023 R47589

The U.S. Army’s Indirect Fire Protection Capability (IFPC) System

June 6, 2023 IF12421

Criminal Contempt of Congress: Frequently Asked Questions

June 5, 2023 LSB10974

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Work Requirements

April 25, 2023 – June 5, 2023 IN12150

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 29–June 4, 2023)

June 5, 2023 LSB10975

The Federal Employee Paid Parental Leave Benefit

June 5, 2023 IF12420

The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA): Section-by-Section Summary

August 2, 2018 – June 5, 2023 R45283

Ukrainian Military Performance and Outlook

June 29, 2022 – June 5, 2023 IF12150

Foreign Assistance for International Conservation

June 2, 2023 IN12171

The European Union and China

July 9, 2015 – June 2, 2023 IF10252

Landslides: Federal Role in Research, Assessment, and Response

June 2, 2023 R47588

Attorney’s Fees and the Equal Access to Justice Act: Legal Framework

June 10, 2019 – June 2, 2023 IF11246

Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2023 Provisions

June 2, 2023 R47584

Middle East and North Africa: Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War

June 15, 2022 – June 2, 2023 R47160

Funding the State Administration of Unemployment Compensation (UC) Benefits

February 28, 2018 – June 2, 2023 IF10838

The Internal Revenue Service’s Strategic Operating Plan to Spend $79 Billion in Inflation Reduction Act Funding

May 2, 2023 – June 2, 2023 IF12394

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pipeline Development: Federal Initiatives

June 2, 2023 IN12169

The U.S. Census Bureau

June 2, 2023 IF12419

U.S. Army’s Maneuver Short-Range Air Defense (M-SHORAD) System

May 9, 2023 – June 1, 2023 IF12397

Wildfire Statistics

June 23, 2015 – June 1, 2023 IF10244

Amgen v. Sanofi: Supreme Court Holds Patents Claiming Antibody Genus Invalid as Not Enabled

June 1, 2023 LSB10971

U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC)

February 20, 2020 – June 1, 2023 IF11436

Economic Development Administration Announces Phase 1 of New Tech Hubs Program

June 1, 2023 IN12170

India’s Domestic Political Setting

May 22, 2018 – June 1, 2023 IF10298

An Overview of Small Business Subcontracting: In Brief

June 1, 2023 R47585

Montana’s TikTok Ban and Pending Legal Actions

June 1, 2023 LSB10972

The Philippines

July 6, 2015 – June 1, 2023 IF10250

Is That Climate Change? The Science of Extreme Event Attribution

June 1, 2023 R47583

Debating the Public Debt Clause

June 1, 2023 LSB10973

U.S. Farm Commodity Support: Base Acres and Payment Yields

May 31, 2023 IF12418

FY2024 Defense Budget Request: Context and Selected Issues for Congress

May 31, 2023 R47582

North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions

September 29, 2010 – May 31, 2023 R41438

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Provisions in H.R. 3746, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

May 31, 2023 IN12165

Electing the Speaker of the House of Representatives: Frequently Asked Questions

October 23, 2015 – May 31, 2023 R44243

A Brief Overview of FEMA’s Public Assistance Program

May 1, 2020 – May 31, 2023 IF11529

Guide to Committee Activity Reports: Purpose, Rules, and Contents

February 15, 2018 – May 31, 2023 R45104

Office of Government Ethics: A Primer

April 13, 2017 – May 30, 2023 IF10634

CBP One Application: Evolution and Functionality

May 30, 2023 IN12166

Executive Branch Ethics and Financial Disclosure Administration: The Role of Designated Agency Ethics Officials (DAEOs)

January 14, 2022 – May 30, 2023 IF12019

Workforce and Labor Policy: Resources for Congressional Offices

September 16, 2022 – May 30, 2023 R47241

Financial Disclosure: Identifying and Remediating Conflicts of Interest in the Executive Branch

August 17, 2021 – May 30, 2023 IF11904

Federal Student Loan Debt Relief in the Context of COVID-19

April 16, 2020 – May 30, 2023 R46314

Financial Disclosure in the U.S. Government: Frequently Asked Questions

November 29, 2022 – May 30, 2023 R47320

Juneteenth: Fact Sheet

June 9, 2017 – May 30, 2023 R44865

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 22–May 28, 2023)

May 30, 2023 LSB10970

Paraguay: An Overview

September 6, 2022 – May 26, 2023 IF12207

Bureau of Reclamation WaterSMART Program

May 26, 2023 IF12414

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations

May 26, 2023 R47579

Child Welfare: Purposes, Federal Programs, and Funding

February 19, 2019 – May 26, 2023 IF10590

Medical Product Regulation: Drugs, Biologics, and Devices

January 28, 2019 – May 26, 2023 IF11083

CFIUS Executive Order on Evolving National Security Risks and CFIUS Enforcement Guidelines

May 26, 2023 IF12415

Introduction to Tort Law

August 13, 2019 – May 26, 2023 IF11291

Venture Capital Operations and Regulation

May 25, 2023 IF12412

Debt Limit Policy Questions: What Are the Potential Economic Effects of a Binding Federal Debt Limit?

May 25, 2023 R47574

Offshore Energy: Vessel and Crew Nationality Requirements

May 25, 2023 IF12413

The Oregon and California Railroad Lands (O&C Lands): In Brief

January 14, 2015 – May 25, 2023 R42951

U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982

January 15, 2003 – May 25, 2023 RL31693

Oversight of Inspectors General: The CIGIE Integrity Committee

May 24, 2023 IF12410

What Is Place-Based Economic Development?

May 24, 2023 IF12409

The Palestinians: Overview, Aid, and U.S. Policy Issues

September 18, 2018 – May 24, 2023 IF10644

Funding and Financing Highways and Public Transportation Under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)

May 24, 2023 R47573

Involuntary Civil Commitment: Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Protections

May 24, 2023 R47571

Comparison of Proposed Legislation Concerning Fentanyl-Related Substances

May 24, 2023 R47572

Fusion Energy

May 24, 2023 IF12411

Stop the Presses? Newspapers in the Digital Age

January 27, 2022 – May 24, 2023 R47018

Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR) Methodology for Temporary Employment of H-2A Nonimmigrants in the United States

May 23, 2023 IF12408

Dispute Settlement in the WTO and U.S. Trade Agreements

May 1, 2017 – May 23, 2023 IF10645

Introduction to Cryptocurrency

May 23, 2023 IF12405

Generative Artificial Intelligence and Data Privacy: A Primer

May 23, 2023 R47569

Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H): Overview and Selected Issues

May 23, 2023 R47568

Responding to Drought in the Colorado River Basin: Federal and State Efforts

August 5, 2022 – May 23, 2023 IN11982

Railroad Retirement Board: Retirement, Survivor, Disability, Unemployment, and Sickness Benefits

January 29, 2008 – May 23, 2023 RS22350

Debt Limit Suspensions

December 16, 2021 – May 22, 2023 IN11829

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 15–May 21, 2023), Part 2

May 22, 2023 LSB10969

Pakistan and U.S.-Pakistan Relations

May 22, 2023 R47565

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 15–May 21, 2023), Part 1

May 22, 2023 LSB10968

The 2022 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Reauthorization

May 22, 2023 R47570

Nonfederal Levee Safety: Primer, Status, and Considerations

May 22, 2023 IF12404

Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2023 Appropriations

December 16, 2022 – May 22, 2023 R47345

The Takings Clause of the Constitution: Overview of Supreme Court Jurisprudence on Key Topics

May 22, 2023 R47562

Overview of Tribal Child Support Enforcement (CSE) Program Financing

May 22, 2023 IN12164

Federal Land Designations: A Brief Guide

October 11, 2018 – May 19, 2023 R45340

Commercial Space Launch and the April 2023 Starship Mishap

May 19, 2023 IF12403

National Park Service Affiliated Areas: An Overview

August 5, 2019 – May 19, 2023 IF11281

Lebanon: Background and U.S. Relations

February 7, 2017 – May 19, 2023 R44759

Defense Primer: Strategic Nuclear Forces

December 11, 2018 – May 19, 2023 IF10519

The SBA’s Small Business Development Centers Program

May 19, 2023 IF12402

The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: Prosecuting Foreign States After the Supreme Court’s Decision in Halkbank

May 18, 2023 LSB10967

Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S. Electricity Sector: Background, Policies, and Projections

May 18, 2023 R47561

Single-Employer Defined Benefit Pension Plans: Funding Relief and Modifications to Funding Rules

May 20, 2020 – May 18, 2023 R46366

Supreme Court Considers Religious Accommodations in the Workplace

May 18, 2023 LSB10966

Defense Primer: Directed-Energy Weapons

July 20, 2021 – May 18, 2023 IF11882

Army Corps of Engineers: Section 7001 Report on Future Studies and Projects

May 16, 2019 – May 18, 2023 IN11118

Potential Stafford Act Assistance for Migration Activity

May 16, 2023 – May 18, 2023 IN12163

Chevron Deference: A Primer

September 19, 2017 – May 18, 2023 R44954

National Forest System Management: Overview and Issues for Congress

January 29, 2015 – May 18, 2023 R43872

Agricultural Conservation: FY2023 and FY2024 Appropriations

May 18, 2023 R47560

Federal Preemption: A Legal Primer

July 23, 2019 – May 18, 2023 R45825

Tribal Co-management of Federal Lands: Overview and Selected Issues for Congress

May 18, 2023 R47563

Death in Custody Reporting Act: Background and Legislative Considerations

May 17, 2023 R47559

Mexico: Background and U.S. Relations

January 16, 2013 – May 17, 2023 R42917

Campaign Finance Law: An Analysis of Key Issues, Recent Developments, and Constitutional Considerations for Legislation

September 24, 2018 – May 17, 2023 R45320

The Appropriations Process: A Brief Overview

May 17, 2022 – May 17, 2023 R47106

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2024

December 23, 2013 – May 17, 2023 R43341

April 28, 2023 – May 17, 2023 IN12152

Panama: An Overview

November 7, 2018 – May 17, 2023 IF10430

Older Americans Act: Overview and Funding

May 4, 2015 – May 17, 2023 R43414

U.S. Border Patrol Encounters at the Southwest Border: Fact Sheet

May 16, 2023 R47556

Limitations in Appropriations Measures: An Overview of Procedural Issues

February 14, 2011 – May 16, 2023 R41634

SCOTUS Rules That PROMESA Does Not Abrogate Puerto Rico Oversight Board’s Sovereign Immunity—If It Has Any

May 16, 2023 LSB10965

Implementation of the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Guidance and Legal Considerations

May 16, 2023 R47555

Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense—Issues for Congress

January 21, 2015 – May 16, 2023 R43838

Social Security: The Trust Funds

August 11, 2005 – May 16, 2023 RL33028

Cybercrime and the Law: Primer on the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and Related Statutes

May 16, 2023 R47557

Authorizations and the Appropriations Process

August 27, 2020 – May 16, 2023 R46497

Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices

November 5, 2020 – May 16, 2023 R46595

The Biden Administration’s Final Rule on Arriving Aliens Seeking Asylum

May 9, 2023 – May 15, 2023 LSB10961

Asylum Process in Immigration Courts and Selected Trends

April 12, 2023 – May 15, 2023 R47504

Disaster Survivor FAQ: FEMA Individuals and Households Program

October 27, 2022 – May 15, 2023 R47297

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Intelligence

May 15, 2023 IN12160

NLRB Reinstates “Overwhelming Community of Interest” Collective Bargaining Unit Standard

May 15, 2023 LSB10963

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 8–May 14, 2023)

May 15, 2023 LSB10964

Defense Primer: U.S. Policy on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems

March 27, 2019 – May 15, 2023 IF11150

U.S. Intelligence Community Establishment Provisions

June 27, 2018 – May 12, 2023 IF10527

Memorial Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

April 8, 2015 – May 12, 2023 R43973

Medigap: Background and Statistics

May 12, 2023 R47552

Defense Primer: Intelligence Support to Military Operations

December 20, 2018 – May 12, 2023 IF10574

Pipeline Physical Security: Federal Efforts

May 11, 2023 IN12161

June 18, 2018 – May 11, 2023 IF10481

Unemployment Insurance Overpayment and Fraud Recovery and H.R. 1163

March 24, 2023 – May 11, 2023 IN12127

H-2A and H-2B Temporary Worker Visas: Policy and Related Issues

May 10, 2017 – May 11, 2023 R44849

Criminal Prohibitions on Leaks and Other Disclosures of Classified Defense Information

September 10, 2010 – May 11, 2023 R41404

Selecting the World Bank President

March 28, 2012 – May 10, 2023 R42463

Social Security Retirement Earnings Test: How Earnings Affect Benefits

May 17, 2010 – May 10, 2023 R41242

Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning in Consumer Lending

May 10, 2023 IF12399

Social Security’s Funding Shortfall

February 7, 2019 – May 10, 2023 IF10522

Social Security Trust Fund Investment Practices

June 14, 2018 – May 10, 2023 IF10564

Remittances: Background and Issues for the 118th Congress

September 9, 2013 – May 10, 2023 R43217

Five-Year Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing Program: Status and Issues in Brief

November 21, 2016 – May 10, 2023 R44692

Enlisting Assistance or Intruding On Judicial Independence? Compelling Testimony by Supreme Court Justices

May 9, 2023 LSB10962

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 1, 2023–May 7, 2023)

May 9, 2023 LSB10959

Appeals Court Holds That Apple’s “Walled Garden” Does Not Violate Federal Antitrust Law

May 9, 2023 LSB10960

Juvenile Delinquents and Federal Criminal Law: The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act and Related Matters

October 25, 2004 – May 9, 2023 RL30822

Shipping on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway: An Update

May 9, 2023 R47550

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts

March 30, 2009 – May 9, 2023 R40482

Solar Geoengineering and Climate Change

May 9, 2023 R47551

House Rule XXI, Clause 10: The CUTGO Rule

August 12, 2019 – May 9, 2023 R41510

Juvenile Delinquents and Federal Criminal Law: The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act and Related Matters in Short

May 9, 2023 R47548

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2023 Appropriations

September 23, 2022 – May 9, 2023 R47253

Forest Service: FY2024 Appropriations

May 8, 2023 IF12396

Commemorative Works Act: Siting Memorials in the District of Columbia

September 30, 2021 – May 8, 2023 IF11937

Election Administration: Federal Grant Funding for States and Localities

December 21, 2020 – May 8, 2023 R46646

Lenders of Next-to-Last and Last Resort: In Competition?

May 8, 2023 IN12157

Election Security: Federal Funding for Securing Election Systems

August 8, 2019 – May 8, 2023 IF11286

Elections Grant Programs: Policy Options

November 3, 2021 – May 8, 2023 IF11962

Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2024 Appropriations for Forest Service and Department of the Interior

May 8, 2023 IF12398

Elections Grant Programs: Authorizations and Appropriations

November 3, 2021 – May 8, 2023 IF11961

Monuments and Memorials in the District of Columbia: Analysis and Options for Proposed Exemptions to the Commemorative Works Act

September 24, 2013 – May 8, 2023 R43241

Authorizing New Additions to Memorials in the District of Columbia: Issues for Consideration

August 9, 2016 – May 8, 2023 IF10448

The Corporation for National and Community Service: Overview of Programs and Funding

March 19, 2007 – May 8, 2023 RL33931

Commemorative Works in the District of Columbia: Background and Practice

March 10, 2015 – May 8, 2023 R41658

Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

April 8, 2015 – May 5, 2023 R43977

Historic Properties and Federal Responsibilities: An Introduction to Section 106 Reviews

May 5, 2023 R47543

Monuments and Memorials Authorized Under the Commemorative Works Act in the District of Columbia: Current Development of In Progress and Lapsed Works

January 22, 2015 – May 5, 2023 R43744

The DOJ’s Ad Tech Antitrust Case Against Google: A Brief Overview

April 27, 2023 – May 5, 2023 LSB10956

African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)

April 22, 2015 – May 5, 2023 IF10149

Internships in Congressional Offices: Frequently Asked Questions

May 6, 2016 – May 4, 2023 R44491

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

April 8, 2015 – May 4, 2023 IF10154

Login.gov: Administration and Identity Authentication

May 4, 2023 IF12395

The Federal Role in Addressing the Adderall Drug Shortage

May 4, 2023 IN12156

African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA): Overview and Issues for Congress

August 1, 2022 – May 3, 2023 R47197

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nuisance Species Efforts

October 14, 2020 – May 3, 2023 IF11666

National Monuments and the Antiquities Act

July 20, 2010 – May 3, 2023 R41330

Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2023

December 9, 2022 – May 3, 2023 R47335

Debt Limit Policy Questions: How Long Do Extraordinary Measures Last?

April 24, 2023 – May 2, 2023 IN12147

Organization of American States: In Brief

September 1, 2022 – May 2, 2023 R47230

Appearances by Sitting U.S. Supreme Court Justices at Congressional Committee and Subcommittee Hearings (1960-2022)

May 2, 2023 IN12155

Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations

September 21, 2005 – May 2, 2023 RL33003

Immigration: The U.S. Entry-Exit System

May 2, 2023 R47541

Structure of Federal Debt and Extraordinary Measures

April 25, 2023 – May 2, 2023 IN12149

Confucius Institutes in the United States: Selected Issues

April 15, 2019 – May 2, 2023 IF11180

Debt Limit Policy Questions: What Are Extraordinary Measures?

December 8, 2017 – May 2, 2023 IN10837

Honoring Our PACT Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-168): Expansion of Health Care Eligibility and Toxic Exposure Screenings

May 2, 2023 R47542

Senators Who Die In Office: History and Current Practices

May 1, 2023 IF12393

Statutory Restrictions on the Use of Journalists for Intelligence Purposes

May 1, 2023 IN12154

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Apr. 24–Apr. 30, 2023)

May 1, 2023 LSB10957

Federal Involvement in Ocean-Based Research and Development

January 31, 2022 – May 1, 2023 R47021

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Immigration

May 1, 2023 IN12153

The World Bank

November 14, 2019 – May 1, 2023 IF11361

National Flood Insurance Program Risk Rating 2.0: Frequently Asked Questions

October 15, 2021 – May 1, 2023 IN11777

Military Construction: Authorities and Processes

December 14, 2016 – April 28, 2023 R44710

Dominican Republic

April 2, 2018 – April 28, 2023 IF10407

DOD Domestic School System: Background and Issues

December 8, 2015 – April 28, 2023 IF10335

Older Americans Month Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

April 8, 2015 – April 28, 2023 R43978

New Federal Protections for Pregnant and Nursing Workers

April 28, 2023 IF12392

Immigration Options and Professional Requirements for Foreign Health Care Workers

April 28, 2023 R47528

Federal Recognition of Indian Tribes: The Administrative Process

April 28, 2023 IG10038

Caribbean Basin Security Initiative

March 1, 2019 – April 28, 2023 IF10789

U.S. Sanctions: Overview for the 118th Congress

April 27, 2023 IF12390

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2024 Budget Request Fact Sheet

April 27, 2023 R47527

Status of FY2023 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief

September 1, 2022 – April 27, 2023 R47233

Connecting Constituents with Federal Programs for Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Projects

August 25, 2021 – April 26, 2023 IF11911

Recent Developments in the Rights of Private Individuals to Enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act

April 26, 2023 LSB10954

Second Circuit Applies Supreme Court Decision to Limit the Reach of Federal Fraud Statutes

April 26, 2023 LSB10955

House Rules Changes Affecting Committee Procedure in the 118th Congress (2023-2024)

April 26, 2023 R47525

An Introduction to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit

February 24, 2006 – April 26, 2023 RS22389

Data in Brief: Funding Status of Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans

April 20, 2023 – April 26, 2023 R47512

United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding of U.N. Peacekeeping

February 9, 2017 – April 26, 2023 IF10597

First Amendment Limitations on Disclosure Requirements

April 26, 2023 IF12388

Taiwan Presidents’ U.S. Transit Visits

April 4, 2023 – April 26, 2023 IF12371

Social Security Fundamentals: A Fact-Based Foundation

April 26, 2023 TE10083

Closed, Converted, Merged, and New Hospitals with Medicare Rural Designations: January 2018-November 2022

April 26, 2023 R47526

Electricity: Overview and Issues for Congress

April 25, 2023 R47521

Frequently Asked Questions: CHIPS Act of 2022 Provisions and Implementation

April 25, 2023 R47523

The Role of Cryptocurrency in the Failures of Silvergate, Silicon Valley, and Signature Banks

April 25, 2023 IN12148

The Voting Rights Act: Historical Development and Policy Background

April 25, 2023 R47520

Transgender Students and School Bathroom Policies: Title IX Challenges Divide Appellate Courts

April 25, 2023 LSB10953

USDA’s February 2023 Proposed Rule to Update Nutrition Standards for School Meals

April 25, 2023 R47522

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Apr. 17–Apr. 23, 2023)

April 25, 2023 LSB10952

Ocean Acidification: Frequently Asked Questions

November 3, 2022 – April 25, 2023 R47300

Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills

February 27, 2015 – April 25, 2023 R40858

Military Medical Malpractice and the Feres Doctrine

February 11, 2019 – April 25, 2023 IF11102

U.S. International Climate Finance: A Primer

October 25, 2017 – April 24, 2023 IF10763

Single-Family Residential Appraisals: An Overview

April 24, 2023 IF12385

Defining Final Agency Action for APA and CRA Review

April 24, 2023 IF12386

The U.S. DOT Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program

February 25, 2022 – April 24, 2023 IF12055

U.S. International Climate Finance: FY2024

February 7, 2022 – April 24, 2023 IF12036

U.S.-North Korea Relations

June 25, 2015 – April 24, 2023 IF10246

An Overview of the Corporate Income Tax System

April 24, 2023 R47519

Federal Interagency Wildfire Response Framework

April 21, 2023 IF12384

Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation

October 15, 2018 – April 20, 2023 R45342

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2023 Appropriations

May 2, 2022 – April 20, 2023 IF12090

Central Bank Digital Currencies

March 20, 2020 – April 20, 2023 IF11471

Medicaid Primer

November 21, 2018 – April 20, 2023 IF10322

The Armed Forces Retirement Home

August 20, 2020 – April 20, 2023 IF11626

Congressional Disapproval of District of Columbia Acts: Overview of Selected Resolutions

March 6, 2023 – April 20, 2023 IN12122

Subsistence Uses of Resources in Alaska: An Overview of Federal Management

April 20, 2023 R47511

Congressional Investigation of the Trump Indictment

April 19, 2023 LSB10950

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 10-April 14, 2023)

April 19, 2023 LSB10951

Semiconductors and the Semiconductor Industry

April 19, 2023 R47508

Energy and Water Development Appropriations for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation: In Brief

March 8, 2016 – April 19, 2023 R44413

Earth Day: Fact Sheet

March 27, 2020 – April 19, 2023 R46293

Rural Definitions Used for Eligibility Requirements in USDA Rural Development Programs

April 19, 2023 R47510

CFPB Proposes New Credit Card Late Fee Regulation

April 18, 2023 IN12146

Appropriations Subcommittee Structure: History of Changes from 1920 to 2023

March 9, 2005 – April 18, 2023 RL31572

The Fundamentals of Unemployment Compensation

February 8, 2019 – April 18, 2023 IF10336

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) Funding for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Civil Works: Policy Primer

August 12, 2021 – April 18, 2023 IN11723

The Persistent Digital Divide: Selected Broadband Deployment Issues and Policy Considerations

April 18, 2023 R47506

SBA COVID-19 EIDL Financial Relief: Policy Options and Considerations

April 18, 2023 R47509

Private Health Insurance: A Primer

April 18, 2023 R47507

National Heritage Areas: Background and Issues for Congress

June 7, 2006 – April 17, 2023 RL33462

Defense Primer: U.S. Defense Industrial Base

December 20, 2018 – April 17, 2023 IF10548

Uruguay: An Overview

May 8, 2018 – April 17, 2023 IF10881

Regulating Reproductive Health Services After Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization

December 8, 2022 – April 17, 2023 IF12269

Department of Defense Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems

February 12, 2020 – April 17, 2023 IF11426

Ghana: Overview and U.S. Policy

December 8, 2022 – April 17, 2023 R47329

Deep Fakes and National Security

October 14, 2019 – April 17, 2023 IF11333

The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA): A Legal Overview

May 21, 2019 – April 17, 2023 R45732

Congressional Disapproval of District of Columbia Laws Under the Home Rule Act

February 27, 2023 – April 17, 2023 IN12119

Snap Parliamentary Elections in Kazakhstan: Outlook and Issues for Congress

April 14, 2023 IN12144

Overview of the Federal Procurement Process and Resources

November 20, 2006 – April 14, 2023 RS22536

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder

March 16, 2023 – April 14, 2023 IF12348

Financial Disclosure and the Supreme Court

April 14, 2023 LSB10949

Critical Minerals: A U.S.-EU Free Trade Agreement?

April 14, 2023 IN12145

Student Loan Cancellation Under the HEROES Act

April 14, 2023 R47505

Federal Support for Reproductive Health Services: Frequently Asked Questions

May 5, 2021 – April 14, 2023 R46785

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

March 22, 2018 – April 14, 2023 IF10506

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

March 22, 2018 – April 14, 2023 IF10482

World Trade Organization Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations

September 16, 2021 – April 13, 2023 IF11929

Casework in a Congressional Office

December 27, 2005 – April 13, 2023 RL33209

Muslim Holidays: Fact Sheet

October 31, 2017 – April 13, 2023 R45003

Dam Safety Overview and the Federal Role

October 24, 2019 – April 13, 2023 R45981

Economic Development Conveyances for BRAC Properties

April 13, 2023 IF12381

Supreme Court to Consider the Meaning of “Knowingly” Under the False Claims Act

April 13, 2023 LSB10948

The CASES Act: Implementation Challenges

April 13, 2023 IF12382

The 45F Tax Credit for Employer-Provided Child Care

April 12, 2023 IF12379

Statistics on Women in National Governments Around the Globe

January 31, 2019 – April 12, 2023 R45483

Introduction to Financial Services: Capital Markets

January 8, 2019 – April 12, 2023 IF11062

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 3-April 7, 2023)

April 11, 2023 LSB10947

House Committee Party Ratios: 98th-118th Congresses

March 30, 2009 – April 11, 2023 R40478

Security for the Federal Judiciary: Recent Developments

April 11, 2023 IN12143

Effects of Terminating the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) PHE and NEA Declarations

February 3, 2023 – April 11, 2023 IN12088

Justice for United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Act: Eligibility and Funding

December 30, 2015 – April 11, 2023 IF10341

Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98th-118th Congresses

November 18, 2008 – April 11, 2023 RL34752

Bank Failures: The FDIC’s Systemic Risk Exception

April 11, 2023 IF12378

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: The Decline in Assistance Receipt Among Eligible Individuals

April 10, 2023 R47503

Global Human Rights: International Religious Freedom Policy

November 20, 2018 – April 10, 2023 IF10803

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Cybersecurity

April 7, 2023 – April 10, 2023 IN12142

Global Human Rights: The Department of State’s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

April 24, 2018 – April 10, 2023 IF10795

FY2024 Budget Request for the Military Health System

April 10, 2023 IF12377

The Higher Education Act (HEA): A Primer

January 2, 2014 – April 10, 2023 R43351

Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2023

May 6, 2022 – April 10, 2023 IF12098

Silicon Valley Bank’s Failure and Potential Director/Officer Liability

April 7, 2023 LSB10946

Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities: Structural Features and Function

November 6, 2019 – April 7, 2023 R45997

The Director of National Intelligence (DNI)

May 10, 2019 – April 7, 2023 IF10470

U.S. Arms Sales and Human Rights: Legislative Basis and Frequently Asked Questions

May 2, 2019 – April 7, 2023 IF11197

NATO: Finland Joins as Sweden’s Accession Faces Delay

June 10, 2022 – April 7, 2023 IN11949

Overview of the Treasury Department’s Federal Payment Levy and Treasury Offset Programs

October 26, 2020 – April 7, 2023 IF11671

International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 118th Congress

March 24, 2023 – April 7, 2023 R47484

The Silicon Valley Bank Failure’s Capital Markets Implications

April 7, 2023 IN12141

Information Technology Spending in the President’s Budget Submission for FY2024: In Brief

April 6, 2023 R47501

Grants Work in a Congressional Office

June 4, 2007 – April 6, 2023 RL34035

Resources for Grantseekers

May 21, 2007 – April 6, 2023 RL34012

Climate Change and Adaptation: Department of Defense

July 12, 2022 – April 6, 2023 IF12161

Argentina: An Overview

December 20, 2018 – April 6, 2023 IF10932

Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress

January 4, 2023 – April 6, 2023 R47373

Recommendation for New U.S. Circuit and District Court Judgeships by the Judicial Conference of the United States (118th Congress)

April 5, 2023 IN12140

Social Security: Selected Findings of the 2023 Annual Report

April 5, 2023 IF12375

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 27-March 31, 2023)

April 5, 2023 LSB10944

Tornadoes: Background and Forecasting

December 13, 2021 – April 5, 2023 IN11826

November 10, 2022 – April 5, 2023 IF12247

The Feres Doctrine: Congress, the Courts, and Military Servicemember Lawsuits Against the United States

June 5, 2019 – April 5, 2023 LSB10305

Military Jurisdiction over Retired Servicemembers

April 5, 2023 LSB10945

Guatemala: An Overview

March 6, 2023 – April 4, 2023 IF12340

Small Business Contracting Under Category Management

April 4, 2023 IF12374

Long-Term Drought and Glen Canyon Dam: Potential Effects on Water Deliveries and Hydropower

April 4, 2023 R47497

Peru: Country Overview and U.S. Relations

April 4, 2023 IF12372

Data on State and Local Public Sector Employment Not Covered Under Social Security

April 4, 2023 R47499

October 20, 2022 – April 4, 2023 IF12236

The Self-Employment Assistance (SEA) Program

January 11, 2011 – April 4, 2023 R41253

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024

April 4, 2023 R47496

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Oversight

April 3, 2023 IN12139

Regional Innovation: Federal Programs and Issues for Consideration

April 3, 2023 R47495

The Army’s Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) Program

July 14, 2021 – April 3, 2023 IF11876

The Willow Project: History and Litigation

April 3, 2023 LSB10943

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2024 Appropriations

April 3, 2023 IF12370

Judicial Nomination Statistics and Analysis: U.S. Circuit and District Courts, 1977-2022

March 21, 2019 – April 3, 2023 R45622

Tax-Advantaged Savings Accounts: Overview and Policy Considerations

March 31, 2023 R47492

Energy and Minerals Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58)

February 16, 2022 – March 31, 2023 R47034

House Committee on Ethics: A Brief History of Its Evolution and Jurisdiction

July 14, 2004 – March 31, 2023 98-15

Senate Select Committee on Ethics: A Brief History of Its Evolution and Jurisdiction

March 26, 2008 – March 31, 2023 RL30650

DOT’s Federal Pipeline Safety Program: Background and Issues for Congress

September 22, 2015 – March 31, 2023 R44201

U.S.-India Trade Relations

October 24, 2018 – March 31, 2023 IF10384

House Office of Congressional Ethics: History, Authority, and Procedures

March 8, 2013 – March 31, 2023 R40760

Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP) and Other Federal Reserve Support to Banking System in Turmoil

March 31, 2023 IN12134

Biden Administration Proposes Temporary Operating Assistance Authority for Larger Transit Agencies

March 31, 2023 IN12135

Compensation for COVID-19 Vaccine Injuries

December 9, 2021 – March 31, 2023 R46982

Reclamation Water Storage Projects: Section 4007 of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation (WIIN) Act

November 8, 2018 – March 30, 2023 IF10626

Defense Primer: Acquiring Specialty Metals and Sensitive Materials

May 24, 2019 – March 30, 2023 IF11226

Safe Drinking Water Act: Proposed National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for Specified PFAS

March 30, 2023 IF12367

Congress’s Authority to Influence and Control Executive Branch Agencies

December 19, 2018 – March 30, 2023 R45442

Communications Between Congress and Federal Agencies During the Rulemaking Process

March 30, 2023 IF12368

Reasonable Accommodations for Employees with Disabilities

March 30, 2023 IF12366

War Crimes: A Primer

March 15, 2022 – March 30, 2023 LSB10709

House Rules Changes Affecting Floor Proceedings in the 118th Congress (2023-2024)

March 30, 2023 R47490

The Railway Labor Act and Congressional Action

November 18, 2022 – March 30, 2023 LSB10861

Defense Primer: Lowest Price Technically Acceptable Contracts

September 4, 2018 – March 30, 2023 IF10968

Defense Primer: The National Technology and Industrial Base

September 17, 2019 – March 30, 2023 IF11311

Introducing a Senate Bill or Resolution

September 15, 2015 – March 30, 2023 R44195

2023 Debt Limit: Congressional Consideration of Debt Limit Legislation

March 30, 2023 IN12133

Architect of the Capitol: Evolution and Implementation of the Appointment Procedure

February 16, 2010 – March 30, 2023 R41074

August 7, 2020 – March 29, 2023 IF11617

TikTok: Recent Data Privacy and National Security Concerns

March 29, 2023 IN12131

Import Monitoring Systems: Steel and Aluminum

March 29, 2023 IF12363

Senate Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper: A Primer

January 14, 2021 – March 28, 2023 IF11728

Sponsorship and Cosponsorship of Senate Bills

March 23, 1998 – March 28, 2023 98-279

Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and P.L. 115-174: Part 2 (Issues Surrounding Their Failures)

March 28, 2023 IN12130

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Funding Overview

August 5, 2022 – March 28, 2023 R47207

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Development, Implementation, and Considerations for Congress

March 28, 2023 R47488

Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and P.L. 115-174: Part 1 (Background and Policy Options)

March 28, 2023 IN12129

FY2023 District of Columbia Budget and Appropriations

November 22, 2022 – March 27, 2023 R47319

Introduction to the Farm Bill: Videos

March 27, 2023 R47486

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

October 28, 2022 – March 27, 2023 IF12241

Venezuela: Political Crisis and U.S. Policy

May 20, 2015 – March 27, 2023 IF10230

Department of Labor Guidance and Regulations on Selecting Private-Sector Pension Plan Investments

February 10, 2023 – March 27, 2023 IF12328

Deposit Insurance and the Failures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank

March 27, 2023 IF12361

Social Security Taxable Earnings Base: An Overview

March 27, 2023 IF12360

Federal Procurement: Emergency-Related Acquisition Flexibilities

December 27, 2022 – March 27, 2023 R47350

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Mar. 20, 2023–Mar. 26, 2023)

March 27, 2023 LSB10941

Department of Labor Guidance and Regulations on the Exercise of Shareholder Rights by Private-Sector Pension Plans

March 27, 2023 IF12362

Federal Public Transportation Program: In Brief

January 4, 2022 – March 24, 2023 R47002

The Hydrogen Economy: Putting the Pieces Together

March 24, 2023 R47487

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Personnel

March 24, 2023 IN12128

The Proposed Rosemont Copper Mine

March 24, 2023 IF12359

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Background and FY2024 Appropriations

March 24, 2023 IF12358

Gun Control: ATF Final “Stabilizing Brace” Rule

March 24, 2023 IF12364

Perez v. Sturgis Public Schools: the Supreme Court Considers a Futility Exception to IDEA Administrative Exhaustion

January 26, 2023 – March 24, 2023 LSB10907

FEMA Funeral Assistance for COVID-19

January 25, 2021 – March 24, 2023 IN11582

2022 Nuclear Posture Review: Selected Programmatic Issues

March 24, 2023 IF12357

Bahrain: Issues for U.S. Policy

March 24, 2005 – March 24, 2023 95-1013

Department of Energy Funding for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Programs FY2022

July 8, 2022 – March 23, 2023 IF12163

Bank Failures and the FDIC

January 23, 2015 – March 23, 2023 IF10055

Transfer of Defense Articles: U.S. Sale and Export of U.S.-Made Arms to Foreign Entities

April 30, 2020 – March 23, 2023 R46337

Labor Enforcement Issues in U.S. FTAs

November 13, 2018 – March 23, 2023 IF10972

Intercity Passenger Rail: Federal Policy and Programs

October 3, 2022 – March 23, 2023 R47260

Marine Corps Advanced Reconnaissance Vehicle (ARV)

May 13, 2021 – March 23, 2023 IF11831

Digital Biology: Implications of Genetic Sequencing

March 23, 2023 IF12356

Programs for Minority-Serving Institutions Under the Higher Education Act

January 15, 2015 – March 23, 2023 R43237

Challenges with Identifying Minors Online

November 30, 2022 – March 23, 2023 IN12055

Middle East and North Africa-China Relations

March 23, 2023 R47482

Federal Land Ownership: Acquisition and Disposal Authorities

December 6, 2007 – March 23, 2023 RL34273

Antitrust Reform and Big Tech Firms

August 13, 2021 – March 22, 2023 R46875

Social Security Administration (SSA): FY2023 Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation: In Brief

March 22, 2023 R47480

The Role of International Tribunals in the Response to the Invasion of Ukraine

March 8, 2022 – March 22, 2023 LSB10704

Appropriations Report Language: Overview of Development and Components

July 28, 2015 – March 22, 2023 R44124

College and University Endowments: Payout Rates and Spending on Student Financial Aid

March 22, 2023 IN12126

June 30, 2022 – March 22, 2023 LSB10779

Noncitizen Eligibility for Employment Authorization and Work-Authorized Social Security Numbers (SSNs)

March 22, 2023 R47483

Overview of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) and Emergency Abortion Services

March 21, 2023 IF12355

The Department of Homeland Security: A Primer

March 7, 2023 – March 21, 2023 R47446

Common Causes of Economic Recession

March 21, 2023 R47479

Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law

August 11, 2006 – March 21, 2023 94-166

FY2023 NDAA: Military Abortion Policies

June 27, 2022 – March 21, 2023 IN11960

Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank Failures

March 21, 2023 IN12125

The FERS Cost-of-Living-Adjustment (COLA) and the Equal COLA Act (H.R. 866)

March 21, 2023 IF12354

Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) and Informal Member Groups

February 8, 2019 – March 21, 2023 IN11036

Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law: An Abbreviated Sketch

August 18, 2006 – March 21, 2023 RS22497

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Mar. 13, 2023–Mar. 19, 2023)

March 21, 2023 LSB10939

Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) and Informal Member Groups: Their Purpose and Activities, History, and Formation

July 1, 2009 – March 21, 2023 R40683

Energy and Water Development: FY2023 Appropriations

October 24, 2022 – March 20, 2023 R47293

Voting and Quorum Procedures in the House of Representatives

January 29, 2001 – March 20, 2023 98-988

Coins and Medals Celebrating the Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence

September 15, 2021 – March 20, 2023 IF11926

Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events

June 9, 2011 – March 20, 2023 R41857

The Executive Budget Process Timeline: In Brief

May 5, 2022 – March 20, 2023 R47088

Supreme Court Rules Against IRS on Foreign Account Reporting Penalties

March 20, 2023 LSB10938

The Education Sciences Reform Act (ESRA): A Primer

March 20, 2023 R47481

Judiciary Budget Request, FY2024

March 20, 2023 IF12353

Department of Veterans Affairs: Abortion Policy

July 21, 2022 – March 20, 2023 R47191

EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

February 4, 2021 – March 20, 2023 IF11754

Agricultural Conservation and the Next Farm Bill

March 20, 2023 R47478

The Role of Bridge Banks in FDIC Receiverships

March 20, 2023 LSB10937

HSA@20 Episode Companion: Government Reorganization

March 20, 2023 IN12124

Reauthorization of Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

March 17, 2023 R47477

Overview of Health Insurance Exchanges

June 10, 2015 – March 17, 2023 R44065

Transferring Fighter Aircraft to Ukraine: Issues and Options for Congress

March 17, 2023 R47476

The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC)

March 17, 2023 IF12352

The Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA): Workers’ Compensation for Federal Employees

November 7, 2012 – March 16, 2023 R42107

Coup-Related Restrictions in U.S. Foreign Aid Appropriations

July 12, 2019 – March 16, 2023 IF11267

Repurposing 3.1-3.55 GHz Spectrum: Issues for Congress

March 16, 2023 IF12350

Veterans-Related Education Legislation Enacted in the 117th Congress

November 3, 2022 – March 16, 2023 R47301

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FY2023 Appropriations

March 16, 2023 IF12349

Digital Trade and Data Policy: Select Key Issues

March 16, 2023 IF12347

Clean Water State Revolving Fund Allotment Formula: Background and Options

March 15, 2023 R47474

The Army’s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV)

January 25, 2021 – March 15, 2023 IF11741

Regulating Big Tech: CRS Legal Products for the 118th Congress

December 29, 2022 – March 15, 2023 LSB10889

Defense Primer: The United States Space Force

April 6, 2020 – March 15, 2023 IF11495

Army Corps of Engineers: Continuing Authorities Programs

March 13, 2019 – March 15, 2023 IF11106

Consumer Finance and Financial Technology (Fintech)

March 15, 2023 R47475

Women, Peace, and Security: Global Context and U.S. Policy

March 15, 2023 IF12346

The Twenty-Seventh Amendment and Congressional Compensation Part 6: Implications for the Article V Amendment Process

March 14, 2023 LSB10935

Water Resources Development Acts: Primer

September 30, 2019 – March 14, 2023 IF11322

The Twenty-Seventh Amendment and Congressional Compensation Part 1: Introduction

March 14, 2023 LSB10930

National Security Implications of Fifth Generation (5G) Mobile Technologies

June 12, 2019 – March 14, 2023 IF11251

The Twenty-Seventh Amendment and Congressional Compensation Part 3: Debates over the Constitution’s Ratification

March 14, 2023 LSB10932

The Constitution and Race-Conscious Government Action: Narrow Tailoring Requirements

March 14, 2023 R47471

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Mar. 6, 2023–Mar. 12, 2023)

March 14, 2023 LSB10936

The Twenty-Seventh Amendment and Congressional Compensation Part 2: The Federal Convention

March 14, 2023 LSB10931

The Twenty-Seventh Amendment and Congressional Compensation Part 4: Proposal and Ratification

March 14, 2023 LSB10933

The Twenty-Seventh Amendment and Congressional Compensation Part 5: Scope of the Amendment

March 14, 2023 LSB10934

Defense Health Primer: TRICARE Comprehensive Autism Care Demonstration

March 14, 2023 IF12345

Legislative Branch: FY2023 Appropriations

October 27, 2022 – March 13, 2023 R47296

COVID-Related Restrictions on Entry into the United States Under Title 42: Litigation and Legal Considerations

December 12, 2022 – March 13, 2023 LSB10874

Afghanistan Central Bank Reserves

February 23, 2022 – March 13, 2023 IF12052

Mexico’s Immigration Control Efforts

April 29, 2015 – March 13, 2023 IF10215

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)

January 15, 2021 – March 13, 2023 IF11729

Can Retribution Justify the Revocation of Supervised Release? Courts Disagree.

March 13, 2023 LSB10929

The Marine Corps’ Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV)

February 4, 2021 – March 13, 2023 IF11755

Banking, Data Privacy, and Cybersecurity Regulation

February 24, 2023 – March 13, 2023 R47434

Overview of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Infrastructure (EI) Assistance

June 22, 2022 – March 10, 2023 R47162

Saudi Arabia

January 15, 2019 – March 10, 2023 IF10822

“Made in China 2025” Industrial Policies: Issues for Congress

August 29, 2018 – March 10, 2023 IF10964

Term Limits for Members of Congress: Policy and Legal Overview

March 10, 2023 IF12343

Trafficking in Persons: Grants for Victim Services in the United States

March 10, 2023 R47466

Statutory Interpretation: Theories, Tools, and Trends

April 5, 2018 – March 10, 2023 R45153

Overview of FY2023 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

June 10, 2022 – March 9, 2023 R47157

Capital Markets: Overview and Selected Policy Issues in the 118th Congress

February 17, 2023 – March 9, 2023 R47431

Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA): A Legal Overview

February 25, 2020 – March 9, 2023 IF11439

Diesel and Fuel Oil: Distillate Supply Issues

March 9, 2023 R47469

Northern Ireland: The Peace Process, Ongoing Challenges, and U.S. Interests

March 9, 2020 – March 9, 2023 R46259

Overview of the 2018 Farm Bill Energy Title Programs

March 6, 2019 – March 9, 2023 IF10288

Federal Requirements on Private Health Insurance Plans

March 29, 2018 – March 9, 2023 R45146

Bank Capital Requirements: A Primer and Policy Issues

March 9, 2023 R47447

Drought in the United States: Science, Policy, and Selected Federal Authorities

September 16, 2021 – March 9, 2023 R46911

Fifth Circuit: CFPB’s Funding Authority is Unconstitutional

January 4, 2023 – March 9, 2023 LSB10891

CRS Series: Introduction to Financial Services—118th Congress

January 11, 2019 – March 8, 2023 IN11016

Multifamily Housing Finance and Selected Policy Issues

August 7, 2020 – March 8, 2023 R46480

Constitutional Authority Statements and the Powers of Congress: An Overview

January 6, 2017 – March 8, 2023 R44729

The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): An Overview

May 3, 2013 – March 8, 2023 R42713

Limiting Lead in Public Water Supplies: An Overview of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Regulatory Actions

March 8, 2023 IF12341

Termination of Temporary Protected Status for Certain Countries: Recent Litigation Developments

October 16, 2020 – March 8, 2023 LSB10541

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Feb. 27, 2023–Mar. 5, 2023)

March 7, 2023 LSB10928

Copyright Law: An Introduction and Issues for Congress

March 7, 2023 IF12339

The World Bank’s Doing Business Report

October 29, 2021 – March 7, 2023 IF11959

Starting a Federal Regional Commission or Authority

December 19, 2019 – March 7, 2023 IF11396

Duplicate Congressional Gold Medals: Frequently Asked Questions

July 24, 2018 – March 7, 2023 IF10934

Congressional Gold Medals: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress

February 9, 2018 – March 7, 2023 R45101

Supreme Court Considers Whether the United States Can Prosecute a Foreign-State-Owned Bank

March 6, 2023 LSB10927

Sovereign Debt Concerns in Developing Countries

July 16, 2021 – March 6, 2023 IF11880

Poland: Background and U.S. Relations

June 25, 2019 – March 6, 2023 R45784

The Federal Status of Marijuana and the Expanding Policy Gap with States

December 7, 2022 – March 6, 2023 IF12270

Forming a Funded Federal Regional Commission

January 28, 2021 – March 6, 2023 IF11744

Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities: Overview of Structure and Activities

March 18, 2019 – March 6, 2023 IF11140

Oil and Chemical Spills: Federal Emergency Response Framework

October 10, 2013 – March 6, 2023 R43251

Education Requirements and Skills-Based Assessments in Federal Hiring

March 6, 2023 IN12121

Calculation and Use of the Disaster Relief Allowable Adjustment

May 18, 2018 – March 6, 2023 IF10720

U.S. Measures to Provide Liquefied Natural Gas for the European Union

March 6, 2023 R47468

Dynamic Scoring in the Congressional Budget Process

February 18, 2020 – March 6, 2023 R46233

FY2023 NDAA: Cyber Personnel Policies

October 4, 2022 – March 6, 2023 R47270

Ejiao and the Donkey Hide Trade

March 3, 2023 R47441

Farm Credit Administration and Its Board Members

December 18, 2017 – March 3, 2023 IF10767

Bureau of Land Management: FY2023 Appropriations

August 5, 2022 – March 3, 2023 IF12187

Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy

July 8, 2004 – March 2, 2023 RS21534

State Minimum Wages: An Overview

November 18, 2014 – March 2, 2023 R43792

Federal Statutory Bankruptcy Alternatives: A Roadmap

March 2, 2023 LSB10926

Stafford Act Assistance and Acts of Terrorism

March 22, 2017 – March 1, 2023 R44801

COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options

March 25, 2020 – March 1, 2023 R46284

Water Resource Issues in the 118th Congress

March 1, 2023 R47440

Large Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Transfer to Ukraine: Issues for Congress

March 1, 2023 IN12120

April 30, 2015 – March 1, 2023 IF10216

Selected Issues in Pharmaceutical Drug Pricing

March 1, 2023 IF12337

U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel

January 5, 2006 – March 1, 2023 RL33222

Supplemental Appropriations: SBA Disaster Loan Account

June 22, 2020 – March 1, 2023 IN11433

The SBA Pre-Disaster Mitigation Loan Pilot Program: Considerations for Congress and Policy Options

December 13, 2019 – March 1, 2023 R46118

SEC-Proposed Regulations to Reform Stock Trading

March 1, 2023 IF12336

The Federal Patient-Provider Dispute Resolution Process

March 1, 2023 IF12338

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978: Preemption of State Consumer Protection Laws

March 1, 2023 LSB10925

SBA Disaster Loan Limits: Policy Options and Considerations

September 20, 2022 – March 1, 2023 R47245

SBA Disaster Loan Interest Rates: Overview and Policy Options

November 8, 2021 – March 1, 2023 R46963

Offshore Wind Energy Development: Legal Framework

January 29, 2009 – February 28, 2023 R40175

U.S. Tariff Policy: Overview

November 28, 2018 – February 28, 2023 IF11030

The U.S. Department of State: Background and Selected Issues for the 118th Congress

February 14, 2022 – February 28, 2023 IF12044

Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2023 Appropriations for Forest Service and Department of the Interior

June 22, 2022 – February 28, 2023 IF12142

FCC Regulation of Broadband Service and Action on Net Neutrality

February 28, 2023 IG10037

Trade Remedies: Antidumping and Countervailing Duties

December 5, 2014 – February 28, 2023 IF10018

Presidential Authority to Address Tariff Barriers in Trade Agreements

January 8, 2020 – February 28, 2023 IF11400

The Congressional Review Act (CRA): A Brief Overview

December 11, 2014 – February 27, 2023 IF10023

The 10-20-30 Provision: Defining Persistent Poverty Counties

February 8, 2018 – February 27, 2023 R45100

Special Event Security and National Special Security Events: A Summary and Issues for Congressional Consideration

February 27, 2023 R47439

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Feb. 21, 2023–Feb. 26, 2023)

February 27, 2023 LSB10924

Constitutional Authority Statements: A Quick Guide

February 27, 2023 IF12335

Monitoring the Sovereign Skies

February 27, 2023 IN12118

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FY2023 Budget Request and Appropriations

July 5, 2022 – February 27, 2023 IF12156

Employer Tax Credit for Paid Family and Medical Leave

March 20, 2019 – February 27, 2023 IF11141

Preventing Improper Payments: Lessons from Using Data Matching in Pandemic Relief Program Oversight

February 27, 2023 IF12334

Ninth Circuit Rules That Federal Arbitration Act Preempts California’s Ban on Employer-Mandated Arbitration Agreements

February 27, 2023 LSB10923

Federal Credit Assistance and Grant Programs for Rural Businesses: In Brief

February 27, 2023 R47438

Federal Lands and Related Resources: Overview and Selected Issues for the 118th Congress

December 8, 2014 – February 24, 2023 R43429

East Palestine, OH, Train Derailment and Hazardous Materials Shipment by Rail: Frequently Asked Questions

February 24, 2023 R47435

Prior Converted Cropland Under the Clean Water Act

March 14, 2019 – February 24, 2023 IF11136

Unemployment Insurance Fraud: Background and Recent Data

February 24, 2023 IN12117

30 by 30: A Two-Year Status Update on E.O. 14008

February 24, 2023 IN12116

Aviation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change

December 7, 2020 – February 24, 2023 IF11696

Syria and U.S. Policy

September 20, 2021 – February 24, 2023 IF11930

Regulating Federal Law Enforcement: Considerations for Congress

June 24, 2020 – February 23, 2023 LSB10500

Hate Crimes: Key Federal Statutes

February 23, 2023 IF12333

The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC): Overview and Selected Issues for Congress

June 14, 2019 – February 23, 2023 R45770

The U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC): An Overview

February 11, 2019 – February 23, 2023 IF10981

Trade-Related Agencies: FY2023 Appropriations, Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

September 14, 2022 – February 23, 2023 R47238

Russia’s War on Ukraine: Financial and Trade Sanctions

March 17, 2022 – February 22, 2023 IF12062

Seasonal Fruit and Vegetable Competition in U.S.-Mexico Trade

December 11, 2020 – February 22, 2023 IF11701

Payment for Order Flow: The SEC Proposes Reforms

February 22, 2023 IF12332

The Small Business Administration's COVID-19 Relief Programs

February 22, 2023 IG10036

Caribbean Trade Preference Programs

February 22, 2023 R47432

Burma: Background and U.S. Relations

February 21, 2023 IF12331

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

January 16, 2018 – February 21, 2023 IF10348

Policing the Police: Qualified Immunity and Considerations for Congress

June 10, 2020 – February 21, 2023 LSB10492

National Emergencies Act: Expedited Procedures in the House and Senate

October 14, 2020 – February 21, 2023 R46567

Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure

May 24, 2005 – February 21, 2023 RL31980

Border Carbon Adjustments: Background and Developments in the European Union

June 28, 2022 – February 21, 2023 R47167

Sponsorship and Cosponsorship of House Bills

July 18, 2006 – February 21, 2023 RS22477

The Appointment of Black U.S. Circuit and District Court Judges: Historical Overview and Analysis

February 21, 2023 IN12113

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Feb. 13, 2023–Feb. 20, 2023)

February 21, 2023 LSB10921

Venezuela: Issues for the 118th Congress

February 17, 2023 IN12112

The Purple Heart: Background and Issues for Congress

September 7, 2012 – February 17, 2023 R42704

Defense Health Primer: Selected Contraceptive Services

February 19, 2019 – February 17, 2023 IF11109

Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Program

July 5, 2018 – February 17, 2023 IF10922

Global Women’s Issues: Background and Selected U.S. Efforts

April 5, 2021 – February 17, 2023 IF11804

Advanced Nuclear Reactors: Technology Overview and Current Issues

April 18, 2019 – February 17, 2023 R45706

Retirement Income Security: Issues and Policies

February 17, 2023 IF12330

The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program

July 5, 2018 – February 17, 2023 IF10691

Strategic Petroleum Reserve Crude Oil Sales: Buyers and Exports

February 16, 2023 IN12110

Noncitizen Eligibility for Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

February 23, 2021 – February 16, 2023 R46697

Commemorative Coins: An Overview

February 28, 2019 – February 16, 2023 IF10262

Sea Mining: Frequently Asked Questions

February 16, 2023 R47429

Commemorative Coins: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress

September 7, 2016 – February 16, 2023 R44623

Presidential Election in Nigeria

February 16, 2023 IN12114

Bureau of Reclamation: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

June 3, 2022 – February 15, 2023 IF12127

Improved Oversight of Pathogen Research: Recent Recommendations

February 15, 2023 IN12109

Expiration and Cancellation of Unobligated Funds

February 15, 2023 IF12329

Water Resources Development Act of 2022 (WRDA 2022)

July 7, 2022 – February 15, 2023 IN11965

The 1% Excise Tax on Stock Repurchases (Buybacks)

January 25, 2023 – February 15, 2023 R47397

Is ATF’s Bump-Stock Ban Lawful? Circuit Courts Are Split

February 15, 2023 LSB10920

Columbia River Treaty Review

May 1, 2015 – February 15, 2023 R43287

Cryptocurrency: Selected Policy Issues

February 15, 2023 R47425

Congress and Law Enforcement Reform: Constitutional Authority

June 4, 2020 – February 15, 2023 LSB10487

Department of Veterans Affairs FY2023 Appropriations

February 14, 2023 R47423

April 3, 2015 – February 14, 2023 IF10170

EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund

February 6, 2023 – February 14, 2023 IN12090

International Discussions Concerning Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems

August 16, 2019 – February 14, 2023 IF11294

Using the Federal Income Tax System to Deliver Cash Assistance to Families: Policy Considerations

December 5, 2022 – February 14, 2023 R47323

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Feb. 6–Feb. 12, 2023)

February 14, 2023 LSB10918

U.S.-Colombia Security Relations: Future Prospects in Brief

February 14, 2023 R47426

Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Air Pollution, and Climate Change

February 11, 2022 – February 14, 2023 IF12043

Federal Telehealth Flexibilities in Private Health Insurance During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: In Brief

February 14, 2023 R47424

Debate, Motions, and Other Actions in the Committee of the Whole

December 8, 2006 – February 13, 2023 RL32200

Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: A Summary

February 13, 2023 IN12107

Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections

July 30, 2021 – February 13, 2023 R46858

FDA Regulation of Blood and Blood Products: Recent Draft Guidance on Donor Eligibility

February 13, 2023 IN12108

Social Security: The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP)

March 26, 2003 – February 13, 2023 98-35

Offering an Amendment on the House Floor Under a Structured Rule: Current Practice

November 22, 2022 – February 13, 2023 R47314

Hypersonic Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress

July 11, 2019 – February 13, 2023 R45811

Social Security: The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and the Government Pension Offset (GPO)

July 24, 2015 – February 13, 2023 IF10203

Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief

February 13, 2023 R47422

Women’s History Month Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

March 6, 2018 – February 13, 2023 R45125

Design of United States Paper Currency

January 23, 2020 – February 13, 2023 IF11414

Title X Parental Consent for Contraceptive Services Litigation: Overview and Initial Observations (Part 1 of 2)

February 10, 2023 LSB10916

Closing the Incident Period for the Stafford Act Declaration for the COVID-19 Pandemic

February 10, 2023 IN12106

Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs

March 22, 2011 – February 10, 2023 R40913

Forest Service: FY2023 Appropriations

June 22, 2022 – February 10, 2023 IF12141

Opioid Block Grants

May 23, 2022 – February 10, 2023 IF12116

Title X Parental Consent for Contraceptive Services Litigation: Overview and Initial Observations (Part 2 of 2)

February 10, 2023 LSB10917

The Internal Revenue Service’s Private Tax Debt Collection Program

December 12, 2018 – February 10, 2023 IF10339

The Section 199A Deduction: How It Works and Illustrative Examples

June 10, 2020 – February 10, 2023 R46402

Offshore Wind Regulatory Framework: New Developments

February 10, 2023 IN12096

Budget Process Reforms Included in Debt Limit Legislation

February 9, 2023 R47415

Loss and Damage Associated with the Effects of Climate Change: Recent Developments

February 9, 2023 IF12324

Were the Discretionary Spending Caps Effective?

February 9, 2023 IN12093

The IRS’s General Welfare Exclusion

February 9, 2023 IF12326

The Department of Education’s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Improving Income-Driven Repayment for the Direct Loan Program: Frequently Asked Questions

February 9, 2023 R47418

Title IX and Athletics: Legal Basics

February 9, 2023 IF12325

The Social Security Retirement Age: An Overview

February 9, 2023 IF12323

Atmospheric Rivers: Background and Forecasting

February 1, 2023 – February 9, 2023 IN12094

COVID-Related Travel Restrictions on Arriving Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Foreign Nationals with Valid Documents

February 8, 2023 IF12321

The Committee Markup Process in the House of Representatives

November 1, 1999 – February 8, 2023 RL30244

Medicaid: An Overview

January 10, 2014 – February 8, 2023 R43357

The 574 Federally Recognized Indian Tribes in the United States

February 8, 2023 R47414

Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process

February 8, 2023 R47413

Rescission of the Migrant Protection Protocols: Litigation Developments

February 8, 2023 LSB10915

The Animal Welfare Act: Background and Selected Issues

July 14, 2022 – February 8, 2023 R47179

The Pesticide Registration Improvement Act of 2022 (PRIA 5; Division HH, Title VI of P.L. 117-328): Authority to Collect Fees

June 22, 2016 – February 8, 2023 IF10424

Statutory Inspectors General in the Federal Government: A Primer

January 3, 2019 – February 8, 2023 R45450

Institutional Eligibility for Participation in Title IV Student Financial Aid Programs

January 15, 2015 – February 8, 2023 R43159

Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 118th Congress

February 8, 2023 IN12092

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC): A Primer

January 5, 2005 – February 7, 2023 95-118

An Overview of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)

January 8, 2021 – February 7, 2023 IF10492

The Black Lung Program, the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund, and the Excise Tax on Coal

July 18, 2018 – February 7, 2023 R45261

Congress and Police Reform: Current Law

June 4, 2020 – February 7, 2023 LSB10486

Birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington: Fact Sheet

March 21, 2016 – February 7, 2023 R44418

The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP): Overview and Issues for Congress

February 7, 2023 R47410

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 30–Feb. 5, 2023)

February 7, 2023 LSB10913

Will Inflation Continue to Fall?

February 7, 2023 IN12091

Electric Grid Physical Security: Recent Developments

January 9, 2023 – February 7, 2023 IN12074

Supreme Court Considers Preemption Under the National Labor Relations Act

February 7, 2023 LSB10912

Congress and Police Reform: Recent Proposals

February 7, 2023 LSB10914

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Civilian Employees

April 17, 2020 – February 6, 2023 IF11510

Insulin Coverage Under Private Health Insurance and Medicare Part D: In Brief

February 6, 2023 R47409

The National Trails System: A Brief Overview

January 21, 2015 – February 6, 2023 R43868

Strong Dollar: Implications for U.S. Economy

February 6, 2023 IF12319

U.S.-European Relations in the 118th Congress

January 9, 2023 – February 6, 2023 IF12302

Naturalization: Policy Overview and Selected Trends

February 6, 2023 IF12322

Congressional Commissions: Overview and Considerations for Congress

December 19, 2008 – February 6, 2023 R40076

U.S. Health Care Coverage and Spending

March 21, 2019 – February 6, 2023 IF10830

Compilation of Federal Whistleblower Protection Statutes

November 24, 2021 – February 6, 2023 R46979

The European Union: Questions and Answers

March 7, 2005 – February 6, 2023 RS21372

Crypto and Banking: Policy Issues

February 6, 2023 IF12320

House Voting Procedures: Forms and Requirements

March 7, 2005 – February 3, 2023 98-228

Advance Appropriations for the Indian Health Service (IHS)

February 3, 2023 IN12087

February 3, 2023 R47407

Congressional Membership and Appointment Authority to Advisory Commissions, Boards, and Groups

April 4, 2007 – February 3, 2023 RL33313

Recent Developments in Opioid Regulation Under the Controlled Substances Act

November 22, 2022 – February 3, 2023 LSB10865

Rules and Statutes Relevant to Safeguarding Classified Materials

February 3, 2023 IF12318

Accredited Investor Definition and Private Securities Markets

August 1, 2019 – February 3, 2023 IF11278

Third Circuit Dismisses Johnson & Johnson Bankruptcy and Novel Mass-Tort Approach

February 3, 2023 LSB10911

Supermajority Votes in the House

May 19, 2008 – February 3, 2023 98-778

Flooding and Federal Projects: Exposures and Limits to Liability

February 2, 2023 R47403

The Protection of Classified Information: The Legal Framework

August 5, 2004 – February 2, 2023 RS21900

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

February 2, 2023 IF12317

Commemorative Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Funding

May 27, 2015 – February 2, 2023 R41425

Use of the Capitol Rotunda, Capitol Grounds, and Emancipation Hall: Concurrent Resolutions, 101st to 117th Congresses

August 14, 2008 – February 2, 2023 RL34619

When Is a Mandatory Minimum Sentence Not Mandatory Under the First Step Act?

February 2, 2023 LSB10910

Testimonial Subpoena Authority and Inspectors General

February 2, 2023 IN12085

HUD Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program: An Overview

August 2, 2021 – February 1, 2023 IF11889

Mental Health Parity and Coverage in Private Health Insurance: Federal Requirements

February 1, 2023 R47402

Federal Regional Commissions and Authorities: Administrative Expenses

July 15, 2022 – February 1, 2023 IF12165

The Effect of Private Immigration Legislation and Recent Policy Changes

February 1, 2023 LSB10909

The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Program

October 11, 2019 – February 1, 2023 IF11331

Improving Crime Victimization Data for Noncitizen Populations

January 31, 2023 IF12316

Electric Utility Disconnections

January 31, 2023 R47417

Foreign Relations Reauthorization: Background and Issues

March 20, 2019 – January 31, 2023 IF10293

Federalism-Based Limitations on Congressional Power: An Overview

September 27, 2018 – January 31, 2023 R45323

Immigration Relief for Noncitizen Crime Victims

January 31, 2023 R47404

Immigration-Related Criminal Offenses

January 21, 2020 – January 31, 2023 IF11410

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 22–Jan. 29, 2023)

January 31, 2023 LSB10908

2023 North American Leaders’ Summit: Issues for the 118th Congress

January 31, 2023 IN12084

Federal Regional Commissions: Great Lakes Authority Established and Other Updates

January 31, 2023 IN12089

Oil and Gas Technology and Geothermal Energy Development

January 31, 2023 R47405

Biometric Technologies and Global Security

March 8, 2021 – January 30, 2023 IF11783

Russia’s War on Ukraine: U.S. Policy and the Role of Congress

December 9, 2022 – January 30, 2023 IF12277

U.S. Trade Policy: Background and Current Issues

April 20, 2015 – January 30, 2023 IF10156

The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy

November 29, 2004 – January 30, 2023 RS21852

The Middle East, North Africa, and Afghanistan: Selected Issues for the 118th Congress

December 7, 2022 – January 27, 2023 IF12268

An Introduction to Trade Secrets Law in the United States

January 27, 2023 IF12315

Discharge Procedure in the House

September 18, 2019 – January 26, 2023 R45920

Nonprofit Security Grant Program: Summary and Potential Issues for Congress

February 18, 2022 – January 26, 2023 IN11861

The Internal Revenue Service’s Free File Program (FFP): Current Status and Policy Issues

April 14, 2021 – January 26, 2023 IF11808

January 26, 2023 IF12314

How Consumer Data Affects Competition Through Digital Advertising

March 6, 2020 – January 26, 2023 IF11448

U.S. Direct Financial Support for Ukraine

January 10, 2023 – January 25, 2023 IF12305

FDA’s Independent Evaluation of Its Food Safety Programs

January 25, 2023 IN12083

Lunar New Year: Fact Sheet

January 3, 2022 – January 25, 2023 R46674

The SEC’s Proxy Advisory Firm Disclosure Reforms

December 7, 2020 – January 25, 2023 IF11695

Military Service Records, Awards, and Unit Histories: A Guide to Locating Sources

August 12, 2005 – January 25, 2023 RS21282

Small Business Tax Benefits: Current Law

March 3, 2004 – January 25, 2023 RL32254

Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation

December 11, 2012 – January 24, 2023 R42854

Foreign Ownership and Holdings of U.S. Agricultural Land

November 18, 2021 – January 24, 2023 IF11977

Federal Pell Grant Program of the Higher Education Act: Primer

November 28, 2018 – January 24, 2023 R45418

Consumption Taxes: An Overview

January 14, 2016 – January 24, 2023 R44342

History, Evolution, and Practices of the President’s State of the Union Address: Frequently Asked Questions

February 27, 2017 – January 24, 2023 R44770

Health Care Provisions of the Budget Reconciliation Measure P.L. 117-169

January 24, 2023 R47396

USDA Nutrition Assistance Programs: Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

February 12, 2021 – January 24, 2023 R46681

Constituent Services: Overview and Resources

January 5, 2017 – January 23, 2023 R44726

Consideration of Privileged Nominations in the Senate

March 16, 2020 – January 23, 2023 R46273

Defense Primer: Military Installations Management

July 3, 2019 – January 23, 2023 IF11263

The FTC’s Proposed Non-Compete Rule

January 23, 2023 LSB10905

Tax Credits for “Clean Electricity”—Projected Effects on CO2 Emissions and the Generation Mix

January 23, 2023 IN12082

Noncitizen Eligibility for Federal Housing Programs

July 23, 2020 – January 23, 2023 R46462

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 17–Jan. 22, 2023)

January 23, 2023 LSB10906

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

April 18, 2022 – January 23, 2023 R47070

Discretionary Appropriations Enacted by Congress for the Federal Judiciary (FY2023)

January 20, 2023 IN12080

Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices

January 20, 2023 IF12313

Defense Primer: Procurement

December 20, 2018 – January 20, 2023 IF10599

Buying American: The Berry and Kissell Amendments

December 20, 2018 – January 20, 2023 IF10605

Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 117th Congress, Second Session

January 20, 2023 R47393

The Accessibility of Federal Information and Data: A Brief Overview of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

May 3, 2022 – January 20, 2023 IF12093

Defense Primer: The Berry and Kissell Amendments

December 18, 2018 – January 20, 2023 IF10609

U.S. Refugee Admissions Program

January 20, 2023 R47399

The 2022 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS): Results and Issues for Congress

January 19, 2023 IN12079

FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation: The Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) Program

October 1, 2020 – January 19, 2023 IN11515

The Controlled Substances Act (CSA): A Legal Overview for the 118th Congress

October 9, 2019 – January 19, 2023 R45948

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Assistance

October 24, 2019 – January 19, 2023 IN11187

The 15% Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax

December 7, 2022 – January 19, 2023 R47328

Electronic Records Management and U.S. Secret Service

September 8, 2022 – January 19, 2023 IN12007

Cybersecurity: Bureau of Cyber Statistics

January 19, 2023 R47389

Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Troubled NOTAM System Has Been on Congress’s Radar for Years

January 17, 2023 – January 19, 2023 IN12078

Listed Chemicals and Federal Regulation of Controlled Substance Precursors

January 19, 2023 IF12311

Legal and Procedural Matters Related to Seating a Cherokee Nation Delegate in the House of Representatives

January 19, 2023 R47391

Foreign Ownership of U.S. Agriculture: Selected Policy Options

January 19, 2023 IF12312

Temporary Judgeships: Frequently Asked Questions

December 16, 2022 – January 18, 2023 R47340

U.S. Air Force Pilot Training Transformation (PTT)

November 29, 2022 – January 18, 2023 IF12257

Fifth Circuit Considers Constitutionality of the Universal Service Fund

January 18, 2023 LSB10904

Enforceable Spending Allocations in the Congressional Budget Process: 302(a)s and 302(b)s

January 18, 2023 R47388

Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations

December 15, 2008 – January 18, 2023 R40089

Afghan Eligibility for Selected Benefits Based on Immigration Status: In Brief

October 27, 2021 – January 18, 2023 R46950

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 9–Jan. 16, 2023)

January 18, 2023 LSB10903

The Small Business Administration’s Growth Accelerator Fund Competition

January 17, 2023 IF12310

Congressional Careers: Service Tenure and Patterns of Member Service, 1789-2023

January 7, 2011 – January 17, 2023 R41545

Defense Primer: Reserve Forces

December 12, 2018 – January 17, 2023 IF10540

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Contractors

December 19, 2018 – January 17, 2023 IF10600

FY2023 NDAA: Military Child Care Programs

August 29, 2022 – January 17, 2023 IN11998

Russia’s Trade and Investment Role in the Global Economy

March 24, 2022 – January 17, 2023 IF12066

Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit and Cost-Sharing Reductions

March 23, 2016 – January 17, 2023 R44425

Transgender Students and School Bathroom Policies: Equal Protection Challenges Divide Appellate Courts

January 17, 2023 LSB10902

Interagency Working Group (IWG) on Coal and Power Plant Communities and Economic Revitalization

October 24, 2022 – January 17, 2023 IF12238

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Infrastructure Programs and FY2023 Appropriations

January 13, 2023 IF12309

Federal Election Commission: Membership and Policymaking Quorum, In Brief

April 12, 2018 – January 13, 2023 R45160

Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

January 11, 2016 – January 13, 2023 R44339

Earthquakes Induced by Underground Fluid Injection and the Federal Role in Mitigation

January 13, 2023 R47386

The Nineteenth Amendment and Women’s Suffrage Part 3: The Reconstruction Era

January 13, 2023 LSB10898

The Nineteenth Amendment and Women’s Suffrage Part 5: Supreme Court Interpretations

January 13, 2023 LSB10900

The Nineteenth Amendment and Women’s Suffrage Part 6: Impacts Beyond the Supreme Court

January 13, 2023 LSB10901

The Nineteenth Amendment and Women’s Suffrage Part 1: Introduction

January 13, 2023 LSB10896

Federal Economic Development Resources for Food Businesses and Systems: In Brief

January 13, 2023 R47387

The Nineteenth Amendment and Women’s Suffrage Part 4: The Progressive Era and Ratification

January 13, 2023 LSB10899

The Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF): State Insolvency and Federal Loans to States

January 21, 2009 – January 13, 2023 RS22954

The Nineteenth Amendment and Women’s Suffrage Part 2: The Founding Era and the Civil War

January 13, 2023 LSB10897

FY2023 NDAA: TRICARE for Reservists

August 19, 2022 – January 12, 2023 IN11991

Turkey (Türkiye)-U.S. Relations: Timeline and Brief Historical Context

January 4, 2019 – January 12, 2023 IF10487

USMCA: Motor Vehicle Rules of Origin

April 21, 2022 – January 12, 2023 IF12082

Turkmenistan

November 20, 2017 – January 12, 2023 IF10303

An Introduction to Oversight of Offices of Inspector General

July 6, 2021 – January 12, 2023 IF11869

Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Funding for FY2023

June 5, 2018 – January 12, 2023 IF10349

FY2023 NDAA: Selective Service and Draft Registration

July 29, 2022 – January 12, 2023 IN11973

Removal of Inspectors General: Rules, Practice, and Considerations for Congress

May 12, 2020 – January 12, 2023 IF11546

Changes to House Rules Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Included in H.Res. 5 (118th Congress)

January 12, 2023 R47384

December 1, 2017 – January 12, 2023 IF10290

USMCA: Labor Provisions

September 12, 2019 – January 12, 2023 IF11308

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trends and Projections from the Inflation Reduction Act

January 12, 2023 R47385

A Comparison of Selected Official Wage Measures

January 11, 2023 R47381

Average Wage Growth and Related Economic Trends in 2022

January 11, 2023 R47380

July 8, 2015 – January 11, 2023 IF10251

Congressional Control over the Supreme Court

January 11, 2023 R47382

New FCC Rules Ban Authorizations for Equipment Posing National Security Risks

January 11, 2023 LSB10895

The FTC’s Competition Rulemaking Authority

August 12, 2021 – January 11, 2023 LSB10635

Lebanese Hezbollah

June 22, 2018 – January 11, 2023 IF10703

Federal Assistance for Nonfederal Dam Safety

January 11, 2023 R47383

Recent Trends in Wages and Productivity

January 11, 2023 IN12076

Is the United States Experiencing a Wage-Price Spiral?

January 11, 2023 IN12075

Southwest Airlines Disruptions and Airline Consumer Protection Rules

January 11, 2023 IN12077

The Minority Business Development Agency: An Overview of Its History and Programs

June 8, 2021 – January 11, 2023 R46816

Pandemic Relief: The Emergency Rental Assistance Program

February 18, 2021 – January 10, 2023 R46688

Defense Primer: LGM-35A Sentinel Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

November 10, 2020 – January 10, 2023 IF11681

Understanding Linked Climate and Weather Hazards and the Challenges to Federal Emergency Management

January 10, 2023 IF12307

Resources for Financial Market Data

January 10, 2023 R47379

Comparing DHS Component Funding, FY2023: In Brief

August 22, 2022 – January 10, 2023 R47220

Crime and Forfeiture: In Short

May 9, 2007 – January 10, 2023 RS22005

The Holman Rule (House Rule XXI, Clause 2(b))

January 13, 2017 – January 10, 2023 R44736

Free Speech: When and Why Content-Based Laws Are Presumptively Unconstitutional

January 10, 2023 IF12308

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Supplemental Appropriations

October 14, 2021 – January 10, 2023 IF11945

Introduction to the Federal Budget Process

February 26, 2020 – January 10, 2023 R46240

A Brief Overview of the Congressional Budget Process

July 29, 2020 – January 10, 2023 R46468

September 18, 2018 – January 10, 2023 IF10302

September 19, 2022 – January 10, 2023 R47243

Crime and Forfeiture

December 14, 2004 – January 10, 2023 97-139

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Monetary Policy

February 2, 2021 – January 9, 2023 IF11751

Temporary Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) Increase for Title IV-E Foster Care and Permanency Payments

March 31, 2020 – January 9, 2023 IN11297

What Is “Political Warfare”?

March 8, 2019 – January 9, 2023 IF11127

Defense Primer: The Military Departments

November 28, 2018 – January 9, 2023 IF10550

Intelligence Community Spending Trends

February 16, 2016 – January 9, 2023 R44381

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 3–Jan. 8, 2023)

January 9, 2023 LSB10894

Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program

June 26, 2018 – January 9, 2023 R45242

Education Stabilization Fund Programs Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA: Background and Analysis

February 1, 2022 – January 9, 2023 R47027

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Supplemental Appropriations

July 1, 2022 – January 9, 2023 IF12152

The Pacific Deterrence Initiative: A Budgetary Overview

January 9, 2023 IF12303

Convention on Biological Diversity: Recent Decisions Affecting U.S. Engineering Biology

January 9, 2023 IN12073

Israel: Netanyahu’s Return to Power and New Coalition Partners

January 9, 2023 IN12071

Options for Making the National Flood Insurance Program More Affordable

December 23, 2021 – January 6, 2023 R47000

Federal Reserve: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress

January 6, 2023 R47377

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit: Lowering the 50% Bond Threshold to 25%

January 6, 2023 IN12070

U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2023 Appropriations

December 12, 2022 – January 6, 2023 R47331

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): Background and FY2023 Appropriations

May 6, 2022 – January 6, 2023 IF12097

Indonesia: GHG Emissions and Climate Change Policy

January 6, 2023 IF12300

U.S. Dollar Coins: History and Current Status

April 25, 2019 – January 6, 2023 IF11190

Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress

June 6, 2006 – January 6, 2023 RL33436

Introduction to U.S. Economy: GDP and Economic Growth

January 8, 2019 – January 5, 2023 IF10408

Solar Energy: Frequently Asked Questions

January 27, 2020 – January 5, 2023 R46196

Foreign Government Employment by Armed Services Retirees

December 9, 2022 – January 5, 2023 IF12276

U.S. District Court Nominees Confirmed During the 117th Congress (2021-2022)

January 5, 2023 IN12068

Stafford Act and Selected Federal Recovery Programs for Civil Unrest: Historical Perspectives and Policy Observations

January 28, 2021 – January 5, 2023 R46665

Introduction to Financial Services: Consumer Finance

November 9, 2020 – January 5, 2023 IF11682

Introduction to Financial Services: The Regulatory Framework

January 8, 2019 – January 5, 2023 IF11065

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Inflation

September 26, 2016 – January 5, 2023 IF10477

Introduction to Financial Services: Accounting and Auditing Regulatory Structure, U.S. and International

January 8, 2019 – January 5, 2023 IF10701

Introduction to Financial Services: The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)

December 19, 2014 – January 5, 2023 IF10031

Introduction to Financial Services: Banking

December 31, 2014 – January 5, 2023 IF10035

HUD Rural Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing (RCB) Program

March 16, 2022 – January 5, 2023 IF12060

Elections and Voting: Policy and Legal Issues for the 118th Congress

December 19, 2022 – January 5, 2023 IF12291

Introduction to Financial Services: Systemic Risk

January 8, 2019 – January 5, 2023 IF10700

Introduction to Financial Services: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Issues

January 4, 2021 – January 5, 2023 IF11716

Introduction to Financial Services: The Federal Reserve

January 8, 2019 – January 5, 2023 IF10054

Introduction to Financial Services: The Housing Finance System

January 4, 2021 – January 5, 2023 IF11715

January 5, 2023 R47378

A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program

January 4, 2019 – January 4, 2023 IF10988

Inauguration Day: Fact Sheet

January 4, 2023 R46639

Quarter and Half Dollar Coins: History and Current Status

December 19, 2019 – January 4, 2023 IF11394

Congressional Involvement in the Design of Circulating Coins

December 7, 2016 – January 4, 2023 IF10533

Ukraine and International Financial Institutions

May 16, 2022 – January 4, 2023 IF12107

Potential Causes of Delayed Disbursements of Supplemental Grant Funding

January 4, 2023 IF12304

U.S. Global Health Funding: FY2020-FY2023 Appropriations

February 5, 2021 – January 4, 2023 IF11758

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Dec. 27, 2022–Jan. 2, 2023)

January 4, 2023 LSB10892

FDA Regulation of Medical Devices

January 4, 2023 R47374

Redesigning Circulating Quarters, Half Dollars, and Dollar Coins: Current and Future Designs

February 25, 2021 – January 4, 2023 IF11773

U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview

July 21, 2015 – January 3, 2023 IF10261

Industrial Policy and International Trade

May 23, 2022 – January 3, 2023 IF12119

China’s Global Investments: Data and Transparency Challenges

February 7, 2022 – January 3, 2023 IF12035

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Housing Market

October 2, 2019 – January 3, 2023 IF11327

Managed Trade and Quantitative Restrictions: Issues for Congress

December 3, 2018 – January 3, 2023 IF11035

U.S. Trade Debates: Select Disputes and Actions

August 28, 2018 – January 3, 2023 IF10958

Defense Primer: Defense Support of Civil Authorities

October 2, 2019 – January 3, 2023 IF11324

FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: An Overview

November 19, 2019 – January 3, 2023 R46014

Introduction to U.S. Economy: The Business Cycle and Growth

January 8, 2019 – January 3, 2023 IF10411

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Productivity

December 19, 2016 – January 3, 2023 IF10557

A Brief Overview of FEMA’s Individual Assistance Program

August 23, 2019 – January 3, 2023 IF11298

Back in Action, the U.S. Sentencing Commission to Resolve Circuit Splits on Controlled Substances and Sentencing Reductions

December 29, 2022 – December 30, 2022 LSB10890

Bridging the Digital Divide: Broadband Workforce Considerations for the 118th Congress

May 18, 2022 – December 30, 2022 IF12111

The Good Neighbor Authority on Federal Lands

October 5, 2020 – December 30, 2022 IF11658

FCC Spectrum Auction Authority: Background and Proposals for Extension

September 28, 2022 – December 30, 2022 R47258

FY2023 NDAA: Summary of Funding Authorizations

August 19, 2022 – December 30, 2022 IN11990

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Maintenance Depots

March 19, 2020 – December 30, 2022 IF11466

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Fiscal Policy

June 18, 2019 – December 29, 2022 IF11253

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Business Investment

November 8, 2018 – December 29, 2022 IF11020

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Personal Income

November 14, 2016 – December 29, 2022 IF10501

Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Overview

January 22, 2019 – December 29, 2022 IF10460

Banking Provisions in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023

December 22, 2022 – December 29, 2022 IN12067

FY2023 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity

August 8, 2022 – December 29, 2022 IN11985

The OPEN Government Data Act: A Primer

December 29, 2022 IF12299

Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy and Key Issues in the 117th Congress

May 3, 2021 – December 28, 2022 R46781

Department of the Interior (DOI) Law Enforcement Programs

December 22, 2020 – December 28, 2022 IF11709

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Dec. 19-Dec. 27, 2022)

December 28, 2022 LSB10888

Cuba: U.S. Policy in the 117th Congress

September 22, 2022 – December 28, 2022 R47246

Poverty in the United States in 2021

December 27, 2022 R47354

FCC’s National Broadband Map: Implications for the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program

December 27, 2022 IF12298

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

August 26, 2021 – December 27, 2022 IF11915

Defense Primer: Future Years Defense Program (FYDP)

December 13, 2018 – December 23, 2022 IF10831

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Pre-Positioned Materiel

December 9, 2020 – December 23, 2022 IF11699

The Debt Limit Since 2011

February 18, 2014 – December 23, 2022 R43389

PATRIOT Air and Missile Defense System for Ukraine

December 23, 2022 IF12297

The Right to a Jury Trial in Civil Cases Part 3: Legal and Equitable Claims and Combined Cases

December 22, 2022 LSB10885

The Right to a Jury Trial in Civil Cases Part 4: The Roles of Judges and Juries in Civil Cases

December 22, 2022 LSB10886

The Right to a Jury Trial in Civil Cases Part 2: Identifying Civil Cases with a Right to a Jury Trial

December 22, 2022 LSB10884

The Right to a Jury Trial in Civil Cases Part 5: The Bar on Reexamining a Jury’s Findings of Fact

December 22, 2022 LSB10887

Benefit Reductions to Participants in Delphi Pension Plans

July 22, 2022 – December 22, 2022 IF12171

Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations

August 13, 2010 – December 22, 2022 R41368

The Debate over Venting and Flaring on Federal Lands

December 22, 2022 LSB10882

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces: A Brief Introduction

December 22, 2022 IF12296

The Right to a Jury Trial in Civil Cases Part 1: Introduction and Historical Background

December 22, 2022 LSB10883

Congressional Oversight Manual

October 21, 2004 – December 22, 2022 RL30240

Recent Funding Increases for FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance

August 26, 2021 – December 22, 2022 IN11733

Defense Primer: Active Component Enlisted Retention

July 26, 2019 – December 21, 2022 IF11274

Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act (GOMESA): Background and Current Issues

January 24, 2020 – December 21, 2022 R46195

Higher Education Tax Benefits: Brief Overview and Budgetary Effects

August 24, 2011 – December 21, 2022 R41967

Justice Department’s Evolving Efforts on Ransomware

December 21, 2022 IF12294

Defense Primer: Active Component Enlisted Recruiting

March 25, 2019 – December 21, 2022 IF11147

Behavioral Health Benefit Coverage and Wit v. United Behavioral Health

December 21, 2022 LSB10881

The Tax Return and Correspondence Backlogs at the IRS

December 21, 2022 IN12066

Immigrants’ Access to Health Care

December 21, 2022 R47351

An Introduction to Section 337 Intellectual Property Litigation at the U.S. International Trade Commission

December 21, 2022 IF12295

Ex-Crypto CEO Arrested on the Eve of Congressional Hearing

December 21, 2022 LSB10880

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Dec. 12-Dec. 18, 2022)

December 20, 2022 LSB10878

Russia’s War Against Ukraine: Overview of U.S. Sanctions and Other Responses

February 25, 2022 – December 20, 2022 IN11869

U.S. Sanctions: Legislation in the 117th Congress

December 20, 2022 R47344

What Is Aggravated Identity Theft?

December 20, 2022 LSB10877

Recurring Constitutional Issues in Federal Legislation

December 20, 2022 IF12292

Deficits, Debt, and the Economy: An Introduction

February 17, 2016 – December 20, 2022 R44383

Indian Energy Programs at the Department of Energy

March 22, 2021 – December 20, 2022 IF11793

Penny: History and Current Status

December 20, 2022 IF12293

Introduction to Criminal Referrals by Congress

December 20, 2022 LSB10879

Next Farm Bill Primer Series: A Guide to Agriculture and Food Programs in the 2018 Farm Bill

November 18, 2022 – December 19, 2022 R47313

Tax Treatment of Research Expenses: Current Law and Policy Issues

March 11, 2022 – December 19, 2022 IN11887

Unemployment Insurance and “Millionaires”: Recent Data and Policy Considerations

December 19, 2022 IF12289

U.S. Border Patrol Apprehensions and Title 42 Expulsions at the Southwest Border: Fact Sheet

December 19, 2022 R47343

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2022 (H.R. 7309)

May 12, 2022 – December 19, 2022 R47099

The U.N. Climate Conference 2022 (COP27): Outcomes

December 19, 2022 IF12290

The Electoral Count Act and Presidential Elections

December 19, 2022 IN12065

Pursuing Peace in Ethiopia: Issues for Congress

December 19, 2022 IN12064

United States Central Command

February 13, 2020 – December 16, 2022 IF11428

Defense Primer: Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps

September 19, 2019 – December 16, 2022 IF11313

Student Loan Cancellation Reaches the Supreme Court

December 16, 2022 LSB10876

Nuclear-Armed Sea-Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N)

April 25, 2022 – December 16, 2022 IF12084

Income for the Population Aged 65 and Older: Evidence from the Health Retirement Study (HRS)

December 16, 2022 R47341

U.S.-China Phase One Trade Deal

May 27, 2022 – December 16, 2022 IF12125

Budget Process Reform: In Brief

December 15, 2022 R47338

The Great American Outdoors Act (P.L. 116-152)

August 28, 2020 – December 15, 2022 IF11636

Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances

October 29, 2001 – December 15, 2022 RL31139

eDNA/eRNA: Scientific Value in What’s Left Behind

December 15, 2022 IF12285

Policing Drug Trafficking on Social Media

December 15, 2022 IN12062

Defense Primer: Command and Control of Nuclear Forces

December 11, 2018 – December 15, 2022 IF10521

Recent Cryptocurrency Developments: Energy and Environmental Implications

December 15, 2022 IF12286

Military Memorials, Monuments, and Museums: Selected Resources for Federal, State, and Local Funding

December 15, 2022 R47337

Content and Consideration of the Budget Resolution: In Brief

December 15, 2022 R47336

The First Day of a New Congress: A Guide to Proceedings on the House Floor

November 1, 2000 – December 15, 2022 RL30725

Protests in Iran: Issues for Congress

December 15, 2022 IN12061

The Excise Tax Credit for Wine and Flavor Content

December 15, 2022 IN12063

Defense Primer: Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Process

November 30, 2018 – December 15, 2022 IF10429

Energy Transition: Affordability, Emissions, and Security

December 15, 2022 IF12288

FEMA’s Community Disaster Loan Program: History, Data, and Issues for Congress

December 14, 2022 R47342

Australia: Climate Change Issues

December 14, 2022 IF12282

Defense Primer: The Defense Logistics Agency

May 8, 2020 – December 14, 2022 IF11543

Reporting on Agency Budget Execution: Processes and Case Study Illustration

December 14, 2022 R47333

Defense Primer: Legal Authorities for the Use of Military Forces

November 13, 2018 – December 14, 2022 IF10539

Ensuring Electricity Infrastructure Resilience Against Deliberate Electromagnetic Threats

December 14, 2022 R47339

How Measures Are Brought to the House Floor: A Brief Introduction

March 26, 2001 – December 14, 2022 RS20067

Voting Rights Act: Brief Policy Overview

December 14, 2022 IF12284

The Legislative Process on the House Floor: An Introduction

November 8, 2002 – December 14, 2022 95-563

USDA’s ReConnect Program: Expanding Rural Broadband

January 26, 2022 – December 14, 2022 R47017

Defense Primer: Congress’s Constitutional Authority with Regard to the Armed Forces

November 13, 2018 – December 14, 2022 IF10535

Defense Primer: President’s Constitutional Authority with Regard to the Armed Forces

December 17, 2018 – December 14, 2022 IF10534

Membership of the 117th Congress: A Profile

March 9, 2021 – December 14, 2022 R46705

Military Privatized Housing: Status of Legislative Reforms

December 14, 2022 IF12287

The Economic Impact of Russia Sanctions

May 3, 2022 – December 13, 2022 IF12092

Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering

November 14, 2018 – December 13, 2022 IF10834

Congressional Oversight and Investigations

December 1, 2014 – December 13, 2022 IF10015

Naming VA Facilities

March 31, 2021 – December 13, 2022 R46740

Ownership of the U.S. Rental Housing Stock by Investor Type: In Brief

December 13, 2022 R47332

Christian Holidays: Fact Sheet

October 31, 2017 – December 12, 2022 R45000

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Dec. 5–Dec. 11, 2022)

December 12, 2022 LSB10875

Social Security: Potential Impacts of Changes in Computation Years

December 12, 2022 R47330

Violent Crime Trends, 1990-2021

December 12, 2022 IF12281

Overview of Public and Private School Choice Options

April 16, 2019 – December 12, 2022 IF10713

How much did the temporary ARPA changes to the child credit reduce child poverty in 2021?

December 12, 2022 IN12060

Farm Bill Primer: Selected Hemp Industry Issues

December 12, 2022 IF12278

Defense Primer: Information Operations

December 18, 2018 – December 9, 2022 IF10771

Defense Primer: Cyberspace Operations

December 18, 2018 – December 9, 2022 IF10537

Federal Agency Rule Expands Asylum Officers’ Authority

July 13, 2022 – December 9, 2022 IF12162

Defense Spending and Your District

December 9, 2022 IF12274

Defense Primer: Defense Working Capital Funds

May 29, 2019 – December 9, 2022 IF11233

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Budget: Fact Sheet

July 28, 2016 – December 9, 2022 R44576

Farm Bill Primer: USDA Support for Aquaculture Operations

December 9, 2022 IF12275

Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)

December 9, 2022 IF12280

The Biden Administration’s Immigration Enforcement Priorities: Background and Legal Considerations

March 9, 2021 – December 9, 2022 LSB10578

CRS Seminars on Disruptive Technologies: Videos

February 19, 2019 – December 8, 2022 R45517

Mauna Loa Eruption

December 8, 2022 IN12059

Constitutional Limits to Congress’s Statutory Damages Authority: Takeaways from the Ninth Circuit in Wakefield v. ViSalus

December 8, 2022 LSB10873

From Bill to Law: Stages of the Legislative Process

November 9, 2018 – December 8, 2022 IG10005

Cybersecurity: A Primer

December 14, 2018 – December 8, 2022 IF10559

Debt and Deficits: Spending, Revenue, and Economic Growth

December 4, 2018 – December 8, 2022 IF11037

Prescription Drug Importation

December 21, 2018 – December 8, 2022 IF11056

Expedited Naturalization through Military Service

December 8, 2022 IG10035

Federal Reserve: Master Accounts and the Payment System

October 12, 2022 – December 8, 2022 IN12031

FDA Regulation of Laboratory-Developed Tests (LDTs)

December 16, 2019 – December 7, 2022 IF11389

U.S. Trade Policy Functions: Who Does What?

November 1, 2018 – December 7, 2022 IF11016

World Trade Organization

January 21, 2002 – December 7, 2022 IF10002

Foreign Direct Investment: Background and Issues

April 17, 2017 – December 7, 2022 IF10636

Suspension of the Rules: House Practice in the 116th Congress (2019-2020)

December 7, 2022 R47327

December 7, 2022 IF12272

China and the World: Issues for Congress

December 7, 2022 IF12271

Ammonia’s Potential Role in a Low-Carbon Economy

December 7, 2022 IF12273

Global Health Engagement in the Department of Defense

December 6, 2022 R47326

2022 Nuclear Posture Review

December 6, 2022 IF12266

Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations

May 10, 2017 – December 6, 2022 R44841

Recent Developments in Marijuana Law

November 16, 2022 – December 6, 2022 LSB10859

Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act: Data Integration and Individual Rights

December 6, 2022 R47325

Poverty Among the Population Aged 65 and Older

July 1, 2019 – December 6, 2022 R45791

Defense Primer: Commanding U.S. Military Operations

December 20, 2018 – December 6, 2022 IF10542

Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19

June 19, 2020 – December 6, 2022 IF11581

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA)

February 7, 2019 – December 6, 2022 IF10038

Student Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

December 5, 2022 IF12264

Direct Loan Program Student Loans: Terms and Conditions

December 5, 2022 IF12267

Seabed Mining in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Issues for Congress

December 5, 2022 R47324

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 28–Dec. 4, 2022)

December 5, 2022 LSB10872

Campaign Finance Estimates and the 2022 Elections

December 5, 2022 IN12058

Bureau of Land Management Wilderness Study Areas: In Brief

December 5, 2022 R47322

F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Engine Options

December 2, 2022 IF12262

If You Do the Space Crime, You May Do the Space Time

December 2, 2022 LSB10869

The American Innovation and Choice Online Act

August 30, 2022 – December 2, 2022 R47228

A Snapshot of Federal Student Loan Debt

March 23, 2015 – December 2, 2022 IF10158

SCOTUS Considers Standards for Government Dismissal of Qui Tam Cases Under the False Claims Act

December 2, 2022 LSB10868

Supreme Court Ponders Bankruptcy Code’s Good-Faith Purchaser Exception

December 2, 2022 LSB10870

Budgetary Decisionmaking in Congress

November 29, 2018 – December 1, 2022 IF11032

Legislation to Avert Railroad Strike Advances

July 11, 2022 – December 1, 2022 IN11966

Changes to India’s Citizenship Laws

December 18, 2019 – December 1, 2022 IF11395

National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS)

October 13, 2022 – December 1, 2022 IF12230

Climate Change, Slow-Onset Disasters, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency

June 29, 2021 – December 1, 2022 IN11696

The 118th Congress and the Congressional Review Act “Lookback” Mechanism

December 1, 2022 IN12056

Patent-Eligible Subject Matter Reform: Background and Issues for Congress

September 17, 2019 – December 1, 2022 R45918

Federal Support for Financially Distressed Hospitals

December 1, 2022 IN12057

Olympic Commemorative Coins: Background and Considerations for Congress

December 1, 2022 IF12261

Commercial Filming and Photography on Federal Lands

May 31, 2017 – December 1, 2022 IF10340

The Opioid Crisis in the United States: A Brief History

November 30, 2022 – December 1, 2022 IF12260

Defense Primer: The Department of Defense

December 20, 2018 – November 30, 2022 IF10543

Equity in Innovation: Trends in U.S. Patenting and Inventor Diversity

November 30, 2022 IF12259

The Tax Deduction for Conservation Easement Contributions

November 29, 2022 IN12054

U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts

May 1, 2006 – November 29, 2022 RS21405

What Happened at FTX and What Does It Mean for Crypto?

November 17, 2022 – November 29, 2022 IN12047

SEC Jurisdiction and Perceived Crypto-Asset Regulatory Gap: An FTX Case Study

November 29, 2022 IN12052

Ukrainian Eligibility for Selected Benefits Based on Immigration Status: In Brief

October 21, 2022 – November 29, 2022 R47290

TRICARE’s 5th Generation Pharmacy Contract: TPharm5

November 29, 2022 IN12053

Unauthorized Immigrants’ Eligibility for Federal and State Benefits: Overview and Resources

November 29, 2022 R47318

Defense Primer: National and Defense Intelligence

December 20, 2018 – November 29, 2022 IF10525

Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Selected Definitions

April 25, 2018 – November 29, 2022 R45175

A Summary of Federal Education Laws Administered by the U.S. Department of Education

January 23, 2019 – November 28, 2022 IF10551

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 21–Nov. 27, 2022)

November 28, 2022 LSB10867

Federal Hiring of Persons with Disabilities

November 28, 2022 R47316

The Pacific Islands

May 10, 2019 – November 28, 2022 IF11208

Defense Primer: The NDAA Process

November 9, 2018 – November 23, 2022 IF10515

Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF): Frequently Asked Questions

November 23, 2022 IF12256

Defense Primer: Ballistic Missile Defense

December 19, 2018 – November 23, 2022 IF10541

Defense Primer: Navigating the NDAA

November 16, 2018 – November 23, 2022 IF10516

Natural Gas Markets Going Global: Changes in Consumption

November 23, 2022 R47317

Defense Primer: Military Officers

November 7, 2018 – November 23, 2022 IF10685

Defense Primer: Personnel Tempo (PERSTEMPO)

December 12, 2018 – November 23, 2022 IF11007

Humanitarian and Refugee Crisis in Ukraine

March 10, 2022 – November 23, 2022 IN11882

Defense Primer: Military Pay Raise

December 17, 2018 – November 23, 2022 IF10260

Defense Primer: Regular Military Compensation

December 17, 2018 – November 23, 2022 IF10532

Defense Primer: Military Enlisted Personnel

November 7, 2018 – November 23, 2022 IF10684

Agricultural Research: Background and Issues

March 23, 2012 – November 22, 2022 R40819

November 27, 2018 – November 22, 2022 IF10503

Survey of State Marriage Laws Related to Same-Sex Marriage

November 22, 2022 LSB10866

Political Reforms in Kazakhstan

October 11, 2022 – November 22, 2022 IN12030

Small Water Systems: Selected Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Provisions

November 22, 2022 R47315

Thanksgiving: Fact Sheet

December 11, 2015 – November 22, 2022 R44279

Resources for Tracking Federal COVID-19 Spending

August 25, 2020 – November 22, 2022 R46491

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 14–Nov. 20, 2022)

November 21, 2022 LSB10863

Defense Primer: Army Multi-Domain Operations (MDO)

January 16, 2020 – November 21, 2022 IF11409

Residential Energy Tax Credits: Changes in 2023

November 21, 2022 IN12051

Brazil’s October 2022 Presidential Election

September 28, 2022 – November 21, 2022 IN12022

Global Pandemics: Gain-of-Function Research of Concern

January 19, 2022 – November 21, 2022 IF12021

Defense Primer: Department of the Army and Army Command Structure

November 16, 2018 – November 21, 2022 IF10544

Saving Habeas: Section 2255’s Safety Valve

November 21, 2022 LSB10862

Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces

November 16, 2018 – November 21, 2022 IF10571

Defense Primer: Special Operations Forces

December 6, 2018 – November 21, 2022 IF10545

Defense Primer: Conventional Ammunition Production Industrial Base

November 18, 2022 IF12251

Farm Bill Primer: SNAP and Nutrition Title Programs

November 18, 2022 IF12255

Defense Primer: Military Health System

December 13, 2018 – November 18, 2022 IF10530

Expiration of the Discretionary Spending Limits: Frequently Asked Questions

April 8, 2021 – November 18, 2022 R46752

Management of Sleep and Fatigue in Military Aviation

July 16, 2021 – November 18, 2022 IF11881

Introduction to Electricity Transmission

November 18, 2022 IF12253

The Child Care and Development Block Grant: In Brief

November 18, 2022 R47312

Defense Primer: Defense Appropriations Process

November 16, 2018 – November 17, 2022 IF10514

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (P.L. 117-159): Section-by-Section Summary

November 17, 2022 R47310

Federal Individual Income Tax Brackets, Standard Deduction, and Personal Exemption: 1988 to 2023

May 21, 2008 – November 17, 2022 RL34498

Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer

August 12, 2008 – November 17, 2022 RS22937

Defense Primer: Budgeting for National and Defense Intelligence

December 19, 2018 – November 17, 2022 IF10524

Money Market Mutual Funds: Policy Concerns and Reform Options

November 17, 2022 R47309

Implications of the HHS Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Section 1557 and Medicare Part B

November 17, 2022 LSB10860

Social Security: Benefit Calculation

January 19, 2021 – November 17, 2022 R46658

How Might the Internal Revenue Service Use $78.9 Billion in Mandatory Funding?

November 17, 2022 IN12050

Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security

December 19, 2018 – November 17, 2022 IF10523

The Federal Assets Sale and Transfer Act: Background and Implementation

November 16, 2022 R47308

Congressional Redistricting: Key Legal and Policy Issues

November 16, 2022 IF12250

Federal Debt and the Debt Limit in 2022

November 16, 2022 IN12045

Electric Power Transformers: Supply Issues

November 16, 2022 IN12048

Migrant Arrivals at the Southwest Border: Challenges for Immigration Courts

November 16, 2022 IN12046

Public Access to Scientific Publications Resulting from Federally Funded R&D

November 16, 2022 IN12049

Defense Primer: U.S. Precision-Guided Munitions

November 6, 2019 – November 15, 2022 IF11353

Health Care-Related Expiring Provisions of the 117th Congress, Second Session

November 15, 2022 R47303

Housing Issues in the 117th Congress

July 23, 2021 – November 15, 2022 R46855

Social Security: The Trust Funds and Interest Income

November 15, 2022 IF12248

Federal Support for Law Enforcement: Selected Department of Justice Programs

February 5, 2021 – November 15, 2022 R46671

Defense Primer: Quantum Technology

May 24, 2021 – November 15, 2022 IF11836

Defense Primer: Emerging Technologies

February 12, 2019 – November 14, 2022 IF11105

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 7– Nov. 13, 2022)

November 14, 2022 LSB10858

Defense Primer: Hypersonic Boost-Glide Weapons

March 13, 2020 – November 14, 2022 IF11459

Defense Primer: United States Airpower

November 7, 2018 – November 14, 2022 IF10546

Defense Primer: Military Retirement

February 6, 2019 – November 14, 2022 IF10483

Hurricane Fiona Recovery: Context and Challenges

November 14, 2022 IN12044

TRICARE Cost-Sharing Changes in 2023

November 16, 2020 – November 14, 2022 IN11532

Defense Primer: Military Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

March 27, 2019 – November 14, 2022 IF11155

Lost Wages Assistance: Benefits and Program Integrity

November 14, 2022 IF12249

Defense Primer: Electronic Warfare

February 26, 2019 – November 14, 2022 IF11118

Defense Primer: Exceptional Family Member Program (EFMP)

December 17, 2018 – November 14, 2022 IF11049

Defense Primer: What Is Command and Control?

April 8, 2021 – November 14, 2022 IF11805

Defense Primer: Military Separation and Severance Pay

February 11, 2022 – November 14, 2022 IF12042

Defense Primer: The United States Air Force

November 7, 2018 – November 14, 2022 IF10547

Federal Role in Preventing Evictions

August 2, 2022 – November 10, 2022 R47204

Defense Primer: RDT&E

November 13, 2018 – November 10, 2022 IF10553

Public Transportation Ridership: Implications of Recent Trends for Federal Policy

November 10, 2022 R47302

U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement Negotiations

February 28, 2019 – November 9, 2022 IF11120

National Security Review Bodies: Legal Context and Comparison

November 1, 2022 – November 9, 2022 LSB10848

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)

January 30, 2020 – November 9, 2022 IF11419

U.S.-Turkey Trade Relations

August 28, 2018 – November 9, 2022 IF10961

Federal Scientific Integrity Policies: A Primer

November 20, 2020 – November 9, 2022 R46614

Social Security: Benefit Calculation Overview

February 1, 2021 – November 8, 2022 IF11747

The Budget Reconciliation Process and the Statutory Limit on the Debt

May 25, 2021 – November 8, 2022 IN11681

Lame Duck Sessions of Congress, 1935-2020 (74th-116th Congresses)

April 6, 2018 – November 8, 2022 R45154

The Enactment of Appropriations Measures During Lame Duck Sessions

October 21, 2020 – November 8, 2022 R46574

Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response

June 22, 2006 – November 8, 2022 RL33487

Where a Suit Can Proceed: Court Selection and Forum Shopping

November 8, 2022 LSB10856

The Buy American Act and Other Federal Procurement Domestic Content Restrictions

March 31, 2021 – November 8, 2022 R46748

SCOTUS Considers Federal Court Jurisdiction Over Constitutional Challenges to Pending Agency Actions

November 7, 2022 LSB10854

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 31–Nov. 6, 2022)

November 7, 2022 LSB10855

Speech or Debate Clause Protections for Informal Member Oversight and Investigations

November 7, 2022 LSB10857

Iran’s Transfer of Weaponry to Russia for Use in Ukraine

November 4, 2022 IN12042

Voting Systems and Federal Law

November 4, 2022 IF12245

What Hides in the Shadows: Deceptive Design of Dark Patterns

November 4, 2022 IF12246

Block Grants: Perspectives and Controversies

January 16, 2014 – November 4, 2022 R40486

Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (UDAP) Enforcement Authority Under the Federal Trade Commission Act

November 4, 2022 IF12244

Human Trafficking and U.S. Foreign Policy: An Introduction

January 7, 2019 – November 4, 2022 IF10587

Health & Hospital Corporation of Marion County v. Talevski: Determining When A Statute Creates a Federal Right Actionable Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983

November 3, 2022 LSB10853

Veterans Day Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

November 4, 2015 – November 3, 2022 R44263

Timor-Leste: Background and U.S. Relations

June 27, 2019 – November 2, 2022 IF10320

Unemployment Insurance Program Integrity: Recent Developments

November 2, 2022 IF12243

The Federal Contested Election Act: Overview and Recent Contests in the House of Representatives

January 19, 2021 – November 2, 2022 IF11734

Budget Reconciliation Measures Enacted into Law Since 1980

April 1, 2009 – November 2, 2022 R40480

The Major Questions Doctrine

April 6, 2022 – November 2, 2022 IF12077

Veteran Status Based on Service with Certain Civilian Groups

November 2, 2022 IF12242

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: Who Is a Veteran?

November 2, 2022 R47299

EMTALA Emergency Abortion Care Litigation: Overview and Initial Observations (Part I of II)

November 1, 2022 LSB10850

Farm Bill Primer: Energy Title

February 27, 2019 – November 1, 2022 IF10639

Overview of Federal Criminal Laws Prohibiting Threats and Harassment of Election Workers

June 30, 2022 – November 1, 2022 LSB10781

State Legislatures, State Courts, and Federal Elections: U.S. Supreme Court to Consider Moore v. Harper

October 12, 2022 – November 1, 2022 LSB10838

Presenting Measures to the President for Approval: Possible Delays

May 3, 2010 – November 1, 2022 R41217

Veterans Service Organizations (VSOs): Frequently Asked Questions

June 12, 2020 – November 1, 2022 R46412

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Pledges by Selected Countries: Nationally Determined Contributions and Net-Zero Legislation

October 26, 2021 – November 1, 2022 R46945

EMTALA Emergency Abortion Care Litigation: Overview and Initial Observations (Part II of II)

November 1, 2022 LSB10851

Emerging Military Technologies: Background and Issues for Congress

July 17, 2020 – November 1, 2022 R46458

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 24–Oct. 30, 2022)

October 31, 2022 LSB10849

Online Consumer Data Collection and Data Privacy

October 31, 2022 R47298

FY2023 NDAA: National Defense Stockpile

October 31, 2022 IN12041

Pakistan’s 2022 Floods and Implications for U.S. Interests

September 12, 2022 – October 28, 2022 IF12211

Federal Election Results: Frequently Asked Questions

October 8, 2020 – October 27, 2022 R46565

The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations

July 5, 2007 – October 27, 2022 RL34074

Military Readiness: DOD Assessment and Reporting Requirements

October 26, 2022 IF12240

New Markets Tax Credit: An Introduction

March 3, 2008 – October 26, 2022 RL34402

Digital Assets and Illicit Finance: E.O. 14067 and Recent Anti-Money Laundering Developments

October 26, 2022 IN12039

Elections and Campaign Finance Policy: A CRS Podcast Series

October 26, 2022 IN12037

The Federal Role in Apportionment and Congressional Redistricting: CRS Resources

October 26, 2022 IN12038

U.S. Aluminum Manufacturing: Industry Trends and Sustainability

October 26, 2022 R47294

New Immigration Policies Related to Venezuelan Migrants

October 25, 2022 IN12040

Timber Harvesting on Federal Lands

April 12, 2019 – October 25, 2022 R45688

Terrorist and Other Militant Groups in Pakistan

September 23, 2021 – October 25, 2022 IF11934

Congressional Rules and Practices Concerning User Fees and Other Nonrevenue Collections in the Federal Budget

October 25, 2022 R47292

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 17–Oct. 23, 2022)

October 24, 2022 LSB10847

FEMA’s Role in Logistics Management for Disaster Response

October 24, 2022 IF12239

The EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework: Background, Implementation, and Next Steps

October 24, 2022 LSB10846

Hydrogen Hubs and Demonstrating the Hydrogen Energy Value Chain

October 24, 2022 R47289

Potential Enforcement of State Abortion Laws on Federal Property

October 24, 2022 R47291

Small Business Research Programs: SBIR and STTR

August 26, 2014 – October 21, 2022 R43695

Voter Registration: Overview of Federal Involvement and Policy Considerations

October 21, 2022 IN12035

Sanctions Legislation and the Bill of Attainder Clause

October 21, 2022 IF12237

Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 117th Congress

March 9, 2022 – October 21, 2022 R47061

COVID-19 Vaccination: Selected U.S. Data Sources

February 8, 2021 – October 21, 2022 IN11595

The Americans with Disabilities Act in Cyberspace: ADA Applicability to Websites

October 20, 2022 LSB10844

Transportation of Migrants Facilitated by States

October 20, 2022 IN12034

Defense Primer: Concurrent Receipt of Military Retirement and VA Disability

January 17, 2019 – October 20, 2022 IF10594

The Americans with Disabilities Act in Cyberspace: Website Accessibility Standards

October 20, 2022 LSB10845

IRS-Related Funding in the Inflation Reduction Act

August 3, 2022 – October 20, 2022 IN11977

A Potential Sequester Under Statutory PAYGO at the End of the 117th Congress

October 20, 2022 IN12036

Abortion Funding Restrictions in Foreign Assistance Legislation

October 20, 2022 IF12235

Statutory Testimony Requirements: Background and Issues for Congress

October 19, 2022 R47288

Congressional Oversight Provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136)

April 17, 2020 – October 19, 2022 R46315

Community Development Block Grant Public Service Expenditure Cap: In Brief

October 19, 2022 R47287

The National Security Council: Background and Issues for Congress

April 28, 2017 – October 19, 2022 R44828

House Standing Committee Chairs and Ranking Members: 104th-117th Congresses

October 18, 2022 R47284

Flooding: Selected Federal Assistance and Programs to Reduce Risk

October 18, 2022 R47286

Net Neutrality Law: An Overview

November 22, 2021 – October 18, 2022 R46973

FY2023 NDAA: Military Housing

October 18, 2022 IN12033

Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2023 (Division A of P.L. 117-180)

October 18, 2022 R47283

Immigration: Public Charge 2022 Final Rule

January 29, 2020 – October 18, 2022 IN11217

Interfaith Relations and Religious Freedom in Nigeria

October 18, 2022 IF12234

LGBTQ Pride Month: Fact Sheet

October 17, 2022 R47281

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process

April 21, 2020 – October 17, 2022 R46320

Issues in Law Enforcement Reform: Responding to Mental Health Crises

October 17, 2022 R47285

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

August 5, 2021 – October 17, 2022 IF11891

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 10–Oct. 16, 2022)

October 17, 2022 LSB10843

June 3, 2015 – October 17, 2022 IF10236

Defining FEMA’s Approach to Equity and Emergency Management: Policy Considerations

October 14, 2022 R47280

Overview of the 340B Drug Discount Program

October 14, 2022 IF12232

Social Security: Scheduled Versus Payable Benefits

October 14, 2022 IF12231

Opening the Floodgates? Federal Circuit Lets Claims Proceed Against Corps of Engineers for Hurricane-Related Flooding

July 5, 2022 – October 13, 2022 LSB10790

Women in Congress, 1917-2022: Service Dates and Committee Assignments by Member, and Lists by State and Congress

August 20, 2001 – October 13, 2022 RL30261

Courts Evaluate the Role of Contract Pharmacies in the 340B Drug Discount Program

October 13, 2022 LSB10842

Forfeiture Trail for Russian Oligarchs’ Luxury Assets

October 13, 2022 LSB10840

Social Security: Cost-of-Living Adjustments

October 25, 2001 – October 13, 2022 94-803

Women in Congress: Statistics and Brief Overview

September 26, 2013 – October 13, 2022 R43244

Defense Primer: United States Transportation Command

March 31, 2020 – October 13, 2022 IF11479

Congressional Staff: CRS Products

November 14, 2016 – October 12, 2022 R44688

Data Protection and Privacy Law: An Introduction

May 9, 2019 – October 12, 2022 IF11207

Reserve Funds in the Congressional Budget Process: Frequently Asked Questions

October 12, 2022 R47277

Environmental, Social and Governance Funds: SEC-Proposed Disclosure Reform

October 12, 2022 IF12228

Bankruptcy Basics: A Primer

March 22, 2018 – October 12, 2022 R45137

FTC Considers Adopting Commercial Surveillance and Data Security Rules

October 12, 2022 LSB10839

Wilderness: Issues and Legislation

February 10, 2011 – October 12, 2022 R41610

The Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act

October 12, 2022 IF12229

Air Force F-15EX Eagle II Fighter Program

May 24, 2021 – October 11, 2022 R46801

Veteran Suicide Prevention

July 29, 2021 – October 11, 2022 IF11886

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 3–Oct. 9, 2022)

October 11, 2022 LSB10836

Courts Clarify Federal Railroad Safety Act Employee Protection for “Good Faith” Safety Reports

October 11, 2022 LSB10835

Supreme Court Term October 2021: A Review of Selected Major Rulings

October 11, 2022 R47276

The Americans with Disabilities Act: A Brief Overview

October 11, 2022 IF12227

FY2023 Intelligence Authorization Act: Whistleblower Provisions

October 7, 2022 IN12029

The Department of Energy’s Appliance and Equipment Standards Program: Prioritization Options for Addressing the Rulemaking Backlog

October 7, 2022 R47279

The Schedule I Status of Marijuana

November 25, 2019 – October 7, 2022 IN11204

COVID-19 Supplemental Appropriations for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), 2022: In Brief

September 2, 2022 – October 7, 2022 R47232

Inflation in the U.S. Economy: Causes and Policy Options

October 6, 2022 R47273

Environmental, Social, and Governance Funds: SEC Proposed Names Rule Reform

October 6, 2022 IF12226

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks in U.S. Agriculture

January 9, 2020 – October 6, 2022 IF11404

The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA): Overview and Ongoing Role in Election Administration Policy

October 28, 2021 – October 5, 2022 R46949

White House Initiative to Advance the Bioeconomy, E.O. 14081: In Brief

October 5, 2022 R47274

Medication Abortion: A Changing Legal Landscape

March 9, 2022 – October 5, 2022 LSB10706

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the United States

July 28, 2017 – October 5, 2022 R44902

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 26–Oct. 2, 2022)

October 3, 2022 LSB10834

FY2023 NDAA: Organic Industrial Base

October 3, 2022 IN12026

Firearm Background Checks Under H.R. 8 and H.R. 1446

March 4, 2021 – October 3, 2022 IF11781

U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations Confirmed During Lame Duck Sessions of Congress (1940-2021)

October 3, 2022 IN12025

Manufacturing USA: Advanced Manufacturing Institutes and Network

March 3, 2021 – October 3, 2022 R46703

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA): Provisions Related to Climate Change

October 3, 2022 R47262

Single-Family Market Rents and Institutional Investors

October 3, 2022 IF12225

Ecosystem Restoration in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act: Overview and Issues for Congress

October 3, 2022 R47263

An Analysis of the Tax Treatment of Capital Losses

October 9, 2002 – September 30, 2022 RL31562

National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center

September 30, 2022 IF12223

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2023 Appropriations

September 30, 2022 IF12224

Batson v. Kentucky and Federal Peremptory Challenge Law

September 30, 2022 R47259

Synthetic/Engineering Biology: Issues for Congress

September 30, 2022 R47265

Hurricane Ian Recovery: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources

September 29, 2022 – September 30, 2022 IN12024

Farmer Mac and Its Board Members

July 8, 2020 – September 29, 2022 IF11595

Costa Rica: An Overview

June 11, 2018 – September 29, 2022 IF10908

Religious Objections to Nondiscrimination Laws: Supreme Court October Term 2022

September 29, 2022 LSB10833

U.S. Antipersonnel Landmine Use Policy

February 28, 2020 – September 29, 2022 IF11440

Senate Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, FY2001-FY2021

December 15, 2015 – September 29, 2022 R44325

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in Senators’ Offices, FY2001-FY2021

December 15, 2015 – September 29, 2022 R44324

Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Introduction and Issues for Congress

September 29, 2022 R47256

House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2021

December 15, 2015 – September 29, 2022 R44322

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Background and U.S.-Baltic Relations

December 19, 2019 – September 29, 2022 R46139

Staff Pay, Selected Positions in House Member Offices, 2001-2021

December 15, 2015 – September 29, 2022 R44323

Medicare Graduate Medical Education Payments: An Overview

February 19, 2019 – September 29, 2022 IF10960

Offshore Wind Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act

August 5, 2022 – September 29, 2022 IN11980

The Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate’s “Byrd Rule”

February 19, 2004 – September 28, 2022 RL30862

The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA): An Overview

February 2, 2022 – September 28, 2022 IF12033

Social Security: What Would Happen If the Trust Funds Ran Out?

July 3, 2006 – September 28, 2022 RL33514

Crypto Assets and Property of the Bankruptcy Estate: An Analysis

September 28, 2022 LSB10832

The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN): Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 Implementation and Beyond

September 27, 2022 R47255

Stewardship End Result Contracting: Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management

April 15, 2019 – September 27, 2022 IF11179

The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Appropriations Overview

February 5, 2015 – September 26, 2022 R43908

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 19–Sept. 25, 2022)

September 26, 2022 LSB10831

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act and the One-Stop Delivery System

October 27, 2015 – September 26, 2022 R44252

Forest Service: FY2022 Appropriations

November 16, 2021 – September 26, 2022 IF11974

Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2022 Appropriations for the Forest Service and the Department of the Interior

November 18, 2021 – September 26, 2022 IF11978

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report on Ligado Networks and the Interference Debate

September 23, 2022 IN12023

Education Department Proposes New Title IX Regulations: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

September 23, 2022 LSB10830

Is Possession of Cash Evidence of a Crime?

September 23, 2022 LSB10829

Expired and Expiring Temporary Tax Provisions (Including “Tax Extenders”)

September 23, 2022 R47252

Homeownership: Tax Policy Options and Considerations

September 23, 2022 IF12220

Iran’s Nuclear Program and U.N. Sanctions Reimposition

June 19, 2020 – September 23, 2022 IF11583

President Biden Nominates OIRA Administrator

September 22, 2022 IN12020

The Army’s Regionally Aligned Readiness and Modernization Model

October 22, 2020 – September 22, 2022 IF11670

Farm Bill Primer: Farm Safety Net Programs

September 22, 2022 IF12218

Free Speech Challenges to Florida and Texas Social Media Laws

May 25, 2022 – September 22, 2022 LSB10748

Injection and Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide: Federal Role and Issues for Congress

January 24, 2020 – September 22, 2022 R46192

Exchange Rates and Currency Manipulation

April 22, 2015 – September 22, 2022 IF10049

Removal Protections for Administrative Adjudicators: Constitutional Scrutiny and Considerations for Congress

September 21, 2022 LSB10823

Federal Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction Part 1: Introduction

September 20, 2022 LSB10824

A Review of Diversity and Inclusion at America’s Largest Insurance Companies

September 20, 2022 TE10080

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: CRS Products

September 20, 2022 R47254

The Clean Water Act at Fifty: Highlights and Lessons Learned from a Half Century of Transformative Legislation

September 20, 2022 TE10079

Federal Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction Part 3: Territorial Scope

September 20, 2022 LSB10826

Federal Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction Part 5: Exclusivity of Federal Jurisdiction

September 20, 2022 LSB10828

Federal Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction Part 2: Historical Background

September 20, 2022 LSB10825

Public Banks: History and Recent Proposals

September 20, 2022 IF12216

Federal Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction Part 4: Torts and Maritime Contracts or Services

September 20, 2022 LSB10827

U.S. Technology Made in China: The Role of Federal Technology Licensing Policies

September 20, 2022 IN12019

Federal Financial and Budgetary Reporting: A Primer

August 4, 2020 – September 20, 2022 IF11610

Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA)

January 10, 2005 – September 20, 2022 RS22022

Voter Registration: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress

June 10, 2020 – September 19, 2022 R46406

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 12–Sept. 18, 2022)

September 19, 2022 LSB10822

The Bioeconomy: A Primer

August 19, 2021 – September 19, 2022 R46881

Pakistan: Human Rights Assessments

September 19, 2022 IF12215

Supreme Court Overturns HHS Regulation Reducing the Medicare Outpatient Drug Reimbursement Rate for 340B Hospitals

September 16, 2022 LSB10821

Phone Service at the Internal Revenue Service During the 2022 Filing Season

September 8, 2022 – September 16, 2022 IN12004

Navigating the Appropriations Status Table

September 15, 2022 R47240

The USDA Healthy Food Financing Initiative

September 15, 2022 IF12214

Medicaid Coverage of Long-Term Services and Supports

December 5, 2013 – September 15, 2022 R43328

North Korea: September 2022 Update

September 15, 2022 R47242

The U.S. Dollar as the World’s Dominant Reserve Currency

December 18, 2020 – September 15, 2022 IF11707

The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and the Office of Special Masters

September 14, 2022 IF12213

Supreme Court Allows Health Plans to Limit Dialysis Benefits

September 14, 2022 LSB10819

Privacy Rights Under the Constitution: Procreation, Child Rearing, Contraception, Marriage, and Sexual Activity

September 14, 2022 LSB10820

Five-Year Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing Program: History and Background

May 23, 2016 – September 14, 2022 R44504

The Philippines: Background and U.S. Relations

March 28, 2022 – September 14, 2022 R47055

Global Research and Development Expenditures: Fact Sheet

November 18, 2015 – September 14, 2022 R44283

Undersea Telecommunication Cables: Technology Overview and Issues for Congress

September 13, 2022 R47237

U.S.-China Auditing Agreement and Issues for Congress

September 13, 2022 IF12212

Clean Air Act: A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements

January 3, 2003 – September 13, 2022 RL30853

U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet

December 10, 2015 – September 13, 2022 R44307

Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2022 Appropriations

February 4, 2022 – September 13, 2022 R47029

Statutory Basis for Biden Administration Student Loan Forgiveness

September 13, 2022 LSB10818

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Carbon Tetrachloride

September 12, 2022 IN12011

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Methylene Chloride

September 12, 2022 IN12014

Federal Actions to Address Offensive or Derogatory Geographical Names

September 1, 2022 – September 12, 2022 IN12000

State and Local Law Enforcement Officer Staffing

January 19, 2022 – September 12, 2022 IF12022

Russian Military Actions at Ukraine’s Nuclear Power Plants

March 10, 2022 – September 12, 2022 IN11883

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Cyclic Aliphatic Bromide Cluster

September 12, 2022 IN12013

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Perchloroethylene

September 12, 2022 IN12016

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 5–Sept. 11, 2022)

September 12, 2022 LSB10817

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): N-Methylpyrrolidone

September 12, 2022 IN12015

Prescription Drug Discount Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs (PAPs)

November 5, 2015 – September 12, 2022 R44264

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): C.I. Pigment Violet 29

September 12, 2022 IN12012

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): 1-Bromopropane

September 12, 2022 IN12009

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Toxicity Assessment of Chemicals

November 10, 2020 – September 12, 2022 IF11680

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): 1,4-Dioxane

September 12, 2022 IN12008

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Trichloroethylene

September 12, 2022 IN12017

Background on Risk Evaluation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): Asbestos

September 12, 2022 IN12010

Trends in Active-Duty Military Deaths From 2006 Through 2021

June 1, 2018 – September 9, 2022 IF10899

Firearms Eligibility: Domestic Violence and Dating Partners

September 9, 2022 IF12210

Title 36 Charters: The History and Evolution of Congressional Practices

September 8, 2022 R47236

June 4, 2019 – September 8, 2022 IF11240

The POWER Initiative: Energy Transition as Economic Development

November 20, 2019 – September 8, 2022 R46015

The Insurrection Bar to Office: Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment

January 29, 2021 – September 7, 2022 LSB10569

An Overview of the Statutory Bars to Asylum: Limitations on Applying for Asylum (Part One)

September 7, 2022 LSB10815

Abortion Training for Medical Students and Residents

September 7, 2022 IN12002

An Overview of the Statutory Bars to Asylum: Limitations on Granting Asylum (Part Two)

September 7, 2022 LSB10816

Reservations, Understandings, Declarations, and Other Conditions to Treaties

September 7, 2022 IF12208

Pipeline Cybersecurity—Updated Directives

September 7, 2022 IN12006

Department of Defense Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E): Appropriations Structure

December 13, 2016 – September 7, 2022 R44711

The Distribution of IRS Enforcement Activity Funded by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

September 6, 2022 IN12001

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022: Incentives for Clean Transportation

September 6, 2022 IN12003

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 29–September 4, 2022)

September 6, 2022 LSB10814

Section 4 Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing Program

March 10, 2022 – September 6, 2022 R47045

Proposed HHS Rule Addressing Section 1557 of the ACA’s Incorporation of Title IX

September 2, 2022 LSB10813

Teen Birth Trends: In Brief

April 30, 2018 – September 1, 2022 R45184

Teen Pregnancy: Federal Prevention Programs

April 30, 2018 – September 1, 2022 R45183

Are Temporary Protected Status Recipients Eligible to Adjust Status?

November 19, 2020 – September 1, 2022 LSB10554

The Allied Democratic Forces, an Islamic State Affiliate in the Democratic Republic of Congo

September 1, 2022 IF12206

FBI v. Fazaga: Supreme Court Unanimously Holds That FISA Does Not Displace the State Secrets Privilege

September 1, 2022 LSB10812

Federal Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs

April 30, 2018 – September 1, 2022 IF10877

Selected Health Provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act

September 1, 2022 IF12203

Intelligence Coordination on Domestic Terrorism and Violent Extremism: Background and Issues for Congress

September 1, 2022 R47229

The Law of Immigration Detention: A Brief Introduction

October 24, 2019 – September 1, 2022 IF11343

Law Enforcement Investigations of Extremist Calls to Action on Social Media

September 1, 2022 IN11999

Status of FY2022 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief

July 21, 2021 – September 1, 2022 R46853

Overview of the American Data Privacy and Protection Act, H.R. 8152

June 30, 2022 – August 31, 2022 LSB10776

World Trade Organization: “TRIPS Waiver” for COVID-19 Vaccines

August 31, 2022 R47231

Recent Developments in Everglades Restoration

October 17, 2019 – August 30, 2022 IF11336

U.S. Ground Forces in the Indo-Pacific: Background and Issues for Congress

May 6, 2022 – August 30, 2022 R47096

Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve

August 30, 2022 IF12205

U.S. Assistance for Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview

May 20, 2020 – August 30, 2022 R46368

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 22–August 28, 2022)

August 29, 2022 LSB10811

Farm Bill Primer: Support for the Dairy Industry

August 29, 2022 IF12202

Inflation Reduction Act Methane Emissions Charge: In Brief

August 4, 2022 – August 29, 2022 R47206

Critical Minerals in Electric Vehicle Batteries

August 29, 2022 R47227

FEMA’s Approach to Equity and Emergency Management: Disaster Declarations and Policy Considerations

August 26, 2022 R47244

Farm Bill Primer: Federal Crop Insurance Program

August 26, 2022 IF12201

Rules Governing House Committee and Subcommittee Assignment Procedures

May 5, 2021 – August 26, 2022 R46786

Rules Governing Senate Committee and Subcommittee Assignment Procedures

June 3, 2021 – August 26, 2022 R46806

Federal Contracting by Veteran-Owned Small Businesses: An Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Issues

August 26, 2022 R47226

The Metaverse: Concepts and Issues for Congress

August 26, 2022 R47224

U.S. Citizenship for Children Born Abroad: In Brief

August 25, 2022 R47223

Expanding Broadband: Potential Role of Municipal Networks to Address the Digital Divide

August 25, 2022 R47225

Clean Water Act Section 401: Overview and Recent Developments

November 23, 2020 – August 24, 2022 R46615

Clean Vehicle Tax Credits in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

August 24, 2022 IN11996

India-Russia Relations and Implications for U.S. Interests

August 24, 2022 R47221

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Appropriations: FY2023 President’s Budget Request

August 24, 2022 IF12199

Workplace Leave and Unemployment Insurance for Individuals Affected by Monkeypox

August 23, 2022 IN11995

Electricity Transmission Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

August 5, 2022 – August 23, 2022 IN11981

FY2023 NDAA: Military Construction Authorizations

August 23, 2022 IN11993

Public Safety Officers’ Benefits (PSOB) and Public Safety Officers’ Educational Assistance (PSOEA) Programs

October 1, 2018 – August 23, 2022 R45327

FY2023 NDAA: Active Component End-Strength

August 23, 2022 IN11994

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Waiver Authority and Modification of Volumes

May 21, 2015 – August 22, 2022 R44045

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 15–August 21, 2022)

August 22, 2022 LSB10809

Prefilled Individual Income Tax Return Filing: What It Is and Policy Issues

August 22, 2022 IN11992

Changes in Employment and Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Levels During the COVID-19 Pandemic

August 19, 2022 R47219

Firearms Dealers “Engaged in the Business”

August 19, 2022 IF12197

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Selected Other Environmental Provisions

August 12, 2022 – August 18, 2022 IN11987

Farm Bill Primer: Support for Cotton

August 17, 2022 IF12195

The Davis-Bacon Act: 2022 Proposed Rule

August 16, 2022 IF12196

Hazard-Resilient Buildings: Sustaining Occupancy and Function After a Natural Disaster

August 15, 2022 R47215

Defense Primer: Military Physical Fitness Testing and Body Composition Program

August 15, 2022 IF12192

Constitutional Limits on States’ Power over Foreign Affairs

August 15, 2022 LSB10808

FEMA IHP Assistance for Extreme Heat: Considerations and Limitations

August 15, 2022 IN11988

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 8–August 14, 2022)

August 15, 2022 LSB10806

SBA Restaurant Revitalization Fund Grants

April 28, 2021 – August 15, 2022 IF11819

Campaign Finance Policy and Email Spam Filtering: The Google Advisory Opinion Request

August 9, 2022 – August 12, 2022 IN11986

Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H): Congressional Action and Selected Policy Issues

April 15, 2022 – August 12, 2022 R47074

Climate Liability Suits: Is There a Path to Federal Court?

August 12, 2022 LSB10805

Armed Career Criminal Act (18 U.S.C. § 924(e)): An Overview

October 13, 2010 – August 12, 2022 R41449

Biden Administration’s Cuba Policy Changes

May 25, 2022 – August 11, 2022 IN11937

Ownership of Retirement Assets: Data in Brief

August 10, 2022 R47213

An Excise Tax on Stock Repurchases and Tax Advantages of Buybacks over Dividends

November 2, 2021 – August 10, 2022 IF11960

Federal Role in Responding to Potential Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

October 23, 2019 – August 10, 2022 R45986

Tax Provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376)

August 3, 2022 – August 10, 2022 R47202

Education Department Proposes New Title IX Regulations: Responding to Sex Discrimination and Harassment at School

August 10, 2022 LSB10804

Forecasting Tropical Cyclones: NOAA’s Role

August 29, 2017 – August 10, 2022 IF10719

Unauthorized Immigrants: Frequently Asked Questions

August 10, 2022 R47218

Inflation Reduction Act: Agricultural Conservation and Credit, Renewable Energy, and Forestry

August 3, 2022 – August 10, 2022 IN11978

The Carbon Cycle: Key Component of the Climate System, with Implications for Policy

August 10, 2022 R47214

Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP): Limits on Administrative and Operating Subsidies

August 10, 2022 IF12189

International Responses to the 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak

August 10, 2022 IF12191

Criminal Justice Data: Human Trafficking

August 10, 2022 R47211

Presidential Records Management: Preservation and Disposal

March 3, 2022 – August 9, 2022 IF12056

Federal Payroll Tax Administration

August 9, 2022 IG10034

2022 Hurricane Outlooks and 2021 Hurricane Season Review

May 31, 2022 – August 9, 2022 IN11941

The U.S. Land-Grant University System: Overview and Role in Agricultural Research

August 29, 2019 – August 9, 2022 R45897

Gun Control: Straw Purchase and Gun Trafficking Provisions

August 9, 2022 IF12190

Modernizing Access to Military Service Records: Frequently Asked Questions

August 8, 2022 R47212

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (August 1–August 7, 2022)

August 8, 2022 LSB10803

Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)

July 31, 2018 – August 8, 2022 R45277

The Corporate Minimum Tax Proposal

August 1, 2022 – August 8, 2022 IF12179

Ongoing Efforts to Address Fraud and Adulteration of Honey

August 5, 2022 IF12185

What Is the Blue Economy?

August 5, 2022 IF12188

Beyond January 6th: White House Confidentiality and Congressional Investigations

August 5, 2022 LSB10802

U.S. Domestic Response to the 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak

August 5, 2022 IF12186

Proposed Tax Preference for Domestic Content in Energy Infrastructure

August 5, 2022 IN11983

Global Human Rights: Security Forces Vetting (“Leahy Laws”)

January 3, 2017 – August 5, 2022 IF10575

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA): Department of Energy Loan Guarantee Programs

August 5, 2022 IN11984

Rising Interest Rates: Economic and Policy Implications

August 4, 2022 IN11979

Judicial Review and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

August 4, 2022 R47205

Taxation of Carried Interest

July 9, 2020 – August 4, 2022 R46447

Federal Student Loan Repayment Programs for Behavioral Health Service Providers

August 4, 2022 IF12184

The FAFSA Simplification Act

September 15, 2021 – August 4, 2022 R46909

Maintaining Electric Reliability with Wind and Solar Sources: Background and Issues for Congress

June 10, 2019 – August 4, 2022 R45764

Microsoft’s Proposed Acquisition of Activision Blizzard: In Brief

August 3, 2022 R47203

Conducting Research on Federal Real Property: A Guide to Selected Resources

June 22, 2020 – August 3, 2022 R46425

Is the U.S. Economy in a Recession?

August 3, 2022 IN11975

Overview of Governmental Action Under the Stored Communications Act (SCA)

August 3, 2022 LSB10801

Al Qaeda Leader Zawahiri Killed in U.S. Drone Strike in Afghanistan

August 3, 2022 IN11976

Job Corps: A Primer

August 3, 2022 R47208

September 4, 2019 – August 2, 2022 IF11303

Legal and Practical Implications of the Ninth Circuit’s Cottonwood Environmental Law Center v. U.S. Forest Service Decision Under the Endangered Species Act

August 2, 2022 R47201

How Would a Child Benefit Under the Family Security Act (FSA) 2.0 Compare to the Child Tax Credit?

August 2, 2022 IN11974

Haiti: Political Conflict and U.S. Policy Overview

August 2, 2022 IF12182

Three Strike Mandatory Sentencing (18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)): An Overview

October 22, 2010 – August 1, 2022 R41461

False Speech and the First Amendment: Constitutional Limits on Regulating Misinformation

August 1, 2022 IF12180

The Vacancies Act: A Legal Overview

October 30, 2017 – August 1, 2022 R44997

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 25–July 31, 2022)

August 1, 2022 LSB10800

Railroad Retirement Board: Trust Fund Investment Practices

January 2, 2008 – August 1, 2022 RS22782

Naval Station Guantanamo Bay: History and Legal Issues Regarding Its Lease Agreements

August 4, 2015 – August 1, 2022 R44137

An Overview of Small Business Contracting

March 8, 2019 – July 29, 2022 R45576

Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Procurement Program

September 10, 2021 – July 29, 2022 R46906

Wilderness: Overview, Management, and Statistics

March 18, 2005 – July 29, 2022 RL31447

Big Tech in Financial Services

May 16, 2022 – July 29, 2022 R47104

Colombia: Police Reform and Congressional Concerns

July 29, 2022 IF12181

Overseas Crime in the United States

July 29, 2022 LSB10799

Small Business Administration HUBZone Program

October 15, 2010 – July 29, 2022 R41268

Video Relay Service: Program Funding and Reform

April 23, 2013 – July 29, 2022 R42830

Statehood Process and Political Status of U.S. Territories: Brief Policy Background

March 18, 2021 – July 29, 2022 IF11792

SBA’s “8(a) Program”: Overview, History, and Current Issues

May 10, 2017 – July 29, 2022 R44844

Protection of Health Information Under HIPAA and the FTC Act: A Comparison

July 28, 2022 LSB10797

Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Current and Potential Programs

April 13, 2022 – July 28, 2022 R47067

Federal Individual Income Tax Terms: An Explanation

June 20, 2006 – July 28, 2022 RL30110

Supreme Court Rules That Migrant Protection Protocols Rescission Was Not Unlawful

July 28, 2022 LSB10798

Agricultural Conservation: A Guide to Programs

March 25, 2010 – July 28, 2022 R40763

Military Retirement: Background and Recent Developments

November 17, 2008 – July 28, 2022 RL34751

Intellectual Property: Forms of Federal IP Protection

July 28, 2022 IG10033

Back to the Future? Lessons from the “Great Inflation”

July 28, 2022 IF12177

South Sudan

May 1, 2015 – July 28, 2022 IF10218

Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA): Background and Funding

February 25, 2014 – July 27, 2022 R42838

Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA)

April 3, 2019 – July 27, 2022 IF11170

Supreme Court Invalidates Cap on Repayment of Candidate Loans Under the First Amendment: Considerations for Congress

July 27, 2022 LSB10796

Agricultural Credit: Institutions and Issues

April 21, 2021 – July 27, 2022 R46768

Federal Student Loan Debt Cancellation: Policy Considerations

July 27, 2022 R47196

The School Foodservice Workforce: Characteristics and Labor Market Outcomes

July 27, 2022 R47199

Federal Research Tax Credit: Current Law and Policy Issues

December 22, 2005 – July 27, 2022 RL31181

Replacing the E-3 Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS)

February 15, 2022 – July 26, 2022 IF12045

Presidential Declaration of Climate Emergency: NEA and Stafford Act

July 26, 2022 IN11972

Federal Compassionate Release After the First Step Act

July 26, 2022 R47195

Highway Bridges: Conditions, Funding Programs, and Issues for Congress

July 25, 2022 R47194

Mexico: Addressing Missing and Disappeared Persons

October 21, 2020 – July 25, 2022 IF11669

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 18–July 24, 2022)

July 25, 2022 LSB10795

State Small Business Credit Initiative: Implementation and Funding Issues

December 18, 2013 – July 25, 2022 R42581

The “Quad”: Cooperation Among the United States, Japan, India, and Australia

November 2, 2020 – July 25, 2022 IF11678

How the Lummis-Gillibrand Responsible Financial Innovation Act (S. 4356) Would Alter the Crypto Regulatory Landscape

July 22, 2022 IN11971

Considering Legislation on the House Floor: Common Practices in Brief

March 14, 2014 – July 22, 2022 R43424

The Dark Web: An Overview

July 22, 2022 IF12172

Suspension of the Rules in the House: Principal Features

November 29, 2004 – July 22, 2022 98-314

Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)

April 21, 2016 – July 22, 2022 IF10394

Availability of Legislative Measures in the House of Representatives (The “72-Hour Rule”)

January 10, 2005 – July 22, 2022 RS22015

India: Climate Change Issues

July 21, 2022 IF12178

The Small Business Administration’s Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs

July 21, 2022 IF12176

Supreme Court Declines to Review Bankruptcy Sanctions Order

July 21, 2022 LSB10794

Federal Crop Insurance Program Support for Natural Disasters

September 13, 2021 – July 21, 2022 IF11924

The Federal Communications Commission: Selected Issues Under Consideration

July 21, 2022 R47192

House-Reported Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 (H.R. 1808)

July 21, 2022 IF12174

Resolutions of Inquiry in the House

March 6, 2017 – July 21, 2022 IN10661

Legal and Procedural Issues Related to Seating a Cherokee Nation Delegate in the House of Representatives

July 21, 2022 R47190

U.S. Employment-Based Immigration Policy

June 22, 2022 – July 21, 2022 R47164

Antitrust Law: An Introduction

May 29, 2019 – July 21, 2022 IF11234

An Overview of Medical Debt Collection, Credit Reporting, and Related Policy Issues

July 20, 2022 IF12169

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

July 20, 2022 R47189

Shinzo Abe’s Assassination and the Impact on U.S.-Japan Relations

July 20, 2022 IF12170

Generalized System of Preferences (GSP): Overview and Issues for Congress

September 26, 2006 – July 20, 2022 RL33663

The Hyde Amendment: An Overview

July 15, 2022 – July 20, 2022 IF12167

Mental Health Funding in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

July 20, 2022 IN11970

High Court Limits Ability of Aliens Ordered Removed to Challenge Prolonged Detention

July 20, 2022 LSB10793

Fertility Fraud: Federal Criminal Law Issues

July 19, 2022 IF12168

The Supplemental Poverty Measure: Its Core Concepts, Development, and Use

November 28, 2017 – July 19, 2022 R45031

Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Roles, Missions, and Future Concepts

July 18, 2022 R47188

Market-Based Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Legislation: 108th Through 117th Congresses

January 25, 2019 – July 18, 2022 R45472

Benefits for Service-Disabled Veterans

May 8, 2017 – July 18, 2022 R44837

PFAS and Drinking Water: Selected EPA and Congressional Actions

July 2, 2019 – July 18, 2022 R45793

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 11–July 17, 2022)

July 18, 2022 LSB10792

The Social Security Statement

July 18, 2022 R47183

International Migration Trends in the Western Hemisphere

July 15, 2022 R47182

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA)

July 15, 2022 IF12166

Lying in State or Honor in the U.S. Capitol by Non-Members of Congress

September 22, 2020 – July 15, 2022 IN11510

Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy

August 6, 2010 – July 15, 2022 R41360

Guyana: An Overview

December 6, 2019 – July 14, 2022 IF11381

Small Business: Access to Capital and Job Creation

March 4, 2010 – July 14, 2022 R40985

Small Business Administration (SBA) Funding: Overview and Recent Trends

February 5, 2015 – July 14, 2022 R43846

Housing and the Consumer Price Index

July 14, 2022 IF12164

Legislative History of the Animal Welfare Act: In Brief

July 14, 2022 R47180

Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs: Background and Issues for Congress

November 10, 2020 – July 13, 2022 R46599

Wild Horse and Burro Management: Overview of Costs

December 31, 2018 – July 13, 2022 IF11060

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Personal Saving

January 22, 2019 – July 13, 2022 IF10963

The H-2B Visa and the Statutory Cap

December 11, 2015 – July 13, 2022 R44306

Better, Together: Examining the Unified Proposed Rule to Modernize the Community Reinvestment Act

July 13, 2022 TE10077

National Park Service (NPS) Appropriations: Ten-Year Trends

May 29, 2015 – July 12, 2022 R42757

Supreme Court Addresses Major Questions Doctrine and EPA’s Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

July 12, 2022 LSB10791

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Consumer Spending

October 2, 2020 – July 12, 2022 IF11657

Introduction to U.S. Economy: Unemployment

July 27, 2016 – July 12, 2022 IF10443

Department of Justice Grant Funding in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

July 12, 2022 IN11968

Sri Lanka in Crisis

July 11, 2022 IN11969

Final Rules Amending ESA Critical Habitat Regulations

January 25, 2021 – July 11, 2022 IF11740

Final Rules Changing Endangered Species Act Regulations

August 8, 2018 – July 11, 2022 IF10944

Farm Bill Primer: Support for Native Agricultural Producers

July 11, 2022 IF12160

SBA Assistance to Small Business Startups: Client Experiences and Program Impact

May 22, 2013 – July 11, 2022 R43083

Setting Budgetary Levels: The House’s FY2023 Deeming Resolution

July 11, 2022 R47175

DOD Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE): Overview and Selected Issues for Congress

July 11, 2022 R47178

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 4–July 10, 2022)

July 11, 2022 LSB10788

Redefining Waters of the United States (WOTUS): Recent Developments

September 30, 2021 – July 8, 2022 R46927

The CASES Act: Implementation and Issues for Congress

July 8, 2022 IF12159

Abortion, Data Privacy, and Law Enforcement Access: A Legal Overview

July 7, 2022 – July 8, 2022 LSB10786

Congressional Authority to Regulate Abortion

July 6, 2022 – July 8, 2022 LSB10787

Trade-Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations, Commerce, Science, Justice and Related Agencies (CJS)

January 13, 2022 – July 8, 2022 R47009

SBA Surety Bond Guarantee Program

December 11, 2013 – July 8, 2022 R42037

Election Security: States’ Spending of FY2018 and FY2020 HAVA Payments

November 12, 2019 – July 8, 2022 IF11356

Geoengineering: Ocean Iron Fertilization

July 7, 2022 R47172

Taxpayer Advocate Service: Purpose, History, Performance, and Resources

June 27, 2022 – July 7, 2022 IF12146

Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF): In Brief

July 7, 2022 R47171

Information Access for Congressional Advisory Commissions

July 7, 2022 R47173

Carson v. Makin: Using Government Funds for Religious Activity

July 6, 2022 LSB10785

U.S. Immigration Courts: Access to Counsel in Removal Proceedings and Legal Access Programs

July 6, 2022 IF12158

The Social Security Retirement Age

October 28, 2016 – July 6, 2022 R44670

Education Provisions in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

July 6, 2022 IF12157

Youth Employment and Training Programs Authorized by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act

October 19, 2021 – July 6, 2022 IF11952

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 27–July 3, 2022), Part 2

July 5, 2022 LSB10784

Farm Bill Primer: Trade and Export Promotion Programs

July 5, 2022 IF12155

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 27–July 3, 2022), Part 1

July 5, 2022 LSB10783

Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentences: The Safety Valve and Substantial Assistance Exceptions

October 21, 2013 – July 5, 2022 R41326

Insurgency in Northern Mozambique: Nature and Responses

June 24, 2021 – July 5, 2022 IF11864

SBA Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program (SVOG)

February 19, 2021 – July 5, 2022 R46689

SBA’s Office of Inspector General: Overview, Impact, and Relationship with Congress

August 11, 2016 – July 5, 2022 R44589

Siegel v. Fitzgerald: Supreme Court Makes Rare Comment on the Bankruptcy Clause’s Uniformity Requirement

July 1, 2022 LSB10782

Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund: Overview and Programs

July 1, 2022 R47169

SCOTUS Bolsters State Criminal Jurisdiction on Tribal Lands

July 1, 2022 LSB10778

Cryptocurrency in 401(k) Retirement Plans

July 1, 2022 IF12153

Israel: Background and U.S. Relations

June 14, 2006 – July 1, 2022 RL33476

Supreme Court’s Decision in Boechler, P.C. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue May Save Some Late-Filed Tax Petitions

June 30, 2022 LSB10777

Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2022

July 26, 2021 – June 30, 2022 R46854

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2022 Appropriations: Overview

December 20, 2021 – June 30, 2022 R46993

Kennedy v. Bremerton School District: School Prayer and the Establishment Clause

June 30, 2022 LSB10780

Small Business Administration 7(a) Loan Guaranty Program

July 8, 2010 – June 30, 2022 R41146

Mortgage Servicing Assets and Selected Market Developments

June 29, 2022 IF12151

Freedom of Information Act Fees for Government Information

July 17, 2019 – June 29, 2022 IF11272

Supreme Court To Address Foreign Account Reporting Penalties

June 29, 2022 LSB10774

The Second Amendment at the Supreme Court: New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen

June 29, 2022 LSB10773

Summer 2022—Weather Challenges and Risks to Electric Power

June 29, 2022 IN11964

Civil Rights Remedies in Cummings and Implications for Title VI and Title IX

June 29, 2022 LSB10775

Where Is the U.S. Economy Headed: Soft Landing, Hard Landing, or Stagflation?

June 28, 2022 IN11963

Wildfire Recovery and Resilience: HUD Funding to Examine Effectiveness

June 28, 2022 IN11962

Department of Veterans Affairs FY2022 Appropriations

November 12, 2021 – June 28, 2022 R46964

The Small Business Administration’s State Trade Expansion Program

June 28, 2022 IF12149

The Federal Reserve’s Balance Sheet and Quantitative Easing

June 28, 2022 IF12147

Regulating PFAS Under the Clean Water Act

June 28, 2022 IF12148

Gun Control: Juvenile Record Checks for 18- to 21-Year-Olds

June 27, 2022 IF12154

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 20–June 26, 2022), Part 2

June 27, 2022 LSB10770

Voting Rights Act: Section 3(c) “Bail-In” Provision

June 27, 2022 LSB10771

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 20–June 26, 2022), Part 1

June 27, 2022 LSB10769

Federal Procurement Restrictions on Organizational Conflicts of Interest

June 27, 2022 LSB10772

Potential Impacts of a Federal Gasoline Tax Moratorium

March 9, 2022 – June 27, 2022 IN11879

Supreme Court Rules No Constitutional Right to Abortion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization

June 27, 2022 LSB10768

Delaware River Basin Restoration

June 27, 2022 IF12145

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations

October 1, 2021 – June 27, 2022 R46935

Retirement Trends in United States, 2000-2022

June 27, 2022 IN11959

Patents and Innovation Policy

June 25, 2022 R47267

Army Corps of Engineers: FY2022 Appropriations

June 9, 2021 – June 24, 2022 IF11846

Colombia: Presidential Elections in 2022

June 16, 2022 – June 24, 2022 IN11955

2022 Summit of the Americas

May 24, 2022 – June 24, 2022 IN11934

The Tax Treatment and Distribution of Taxable Interest Income

June 24, 2022 IN11958

Previewing NATO’s Madrid Summit

June 24, 2022 IN11957

How Did COVID-19 Unemployment Insurance Benefits Impact Consumer Spending and Employment?

June 24, 2022 IF12143

Air Force Next-Generation Air Dominance Program

October 5, 2020 – June 23, 2022 IF11659

Federal Civil Aviation Programs: In Brief

October 17, 2012 – June 23, 2022 R42781

The U.S. Employment Service: Service Delivery and Merit Staffing

June 23, 2022 IF12144

Congress’s Foreign Commerce Clause Power Questioned

June 23, 2022 LSB10767

Department of Veterans Affairs: Claims Process and Compensation and Pension Exams by Contracted Physicians

June 22, 2022 R47163

Farm Bill Primer: MAL and LDP Farm Support Programs

June 22, 2022 IF12140

U.S. Proposals to Amend the International Health Regulations

June 22, 2022 IF12139

LNG Exports to Europe: What Are Floating Storage Regasification Units (FSRUs)?

June 22, 2022 IN11956

Social Security: Are Benefits Paid to Incarcerated Individuals?

June 22, 2022 IF12138

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 13–June 19, 2022), Part 1

June 21, 2022 LSB10765

Global Trends in Democracy and Authoritarianism: Challenges to Press Freedom

June 21, 2022 IF12137

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 13–June 19, 2022), Part 2

June 21, 2022 LSB10766

Career and Technical Education: A Primer

June 21, 2022 R47166

Permanent Immigration Options for Afghans with Immigration Parole

June 21, 2022 R47165

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FY2022 Budget Request and Appropriations

August 27, 2021 – June 17, 2022 IF11914

Security of the Federal Judiciary: Background and Recent Congressional Legislation

June 8, 2022 – June 17, 2022 IN11947

Selected Federal Financial Assistance for Emergency Response to Extreme Heat

August 9, 2021 – June 17, 2022 R46873

Abu Zubaydah and the State Secrets Doctrine

June 16, 2022 LSB10764

Small Business Administration 504/CDC Loan Guaranty Program

October 4, 2010 – June 16, 2022 R41184

Double Jeopardy, Dual Sovereignty, and Enforcement of Tribal Laws

June 16, 2022 LSB10763

No Judicial Review of Fact Findings for Certain Discretionary Immigration Relief, Rules Supreme Court

June 14, 2022 – June 15, 2022 LSB10762

Federal Support for School Safety and Security

August 10, 2021 – June 15, 2022 R46872

Intelligence Community Whistleblower Provisions

October 18, 2018 – June 15, 2022 R45345

Federal Milk Marketing Orders: An Overview

December 13, 2017 – June 15, 2022 R45044

The Federal Role in Orphan Oil and Gas Well Reclamation

June 15, 2022 IF12134

Short- and Long-Term Solutions to Extreme Drought in the Western United States

June 14, 2022 TE10076

The Political Question Doctrine: Political Process, Elections, and Gerrymandering (Part 6)

June 14, 2022 LSB10761

The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA): Compensation Related to Exposure to Radiation from Atomic Weapons Testing and Uranium Mining

March 24, 2015 – June 14, 2022 R43956

The Political Question Doctrine: Foreign Affairs as a Political Question (Part 4)

June 14, 2022 LSB10759

Summary of Selected Biden Administration Actions on Supply Chains

May 13, 2022 – June 14, 2022 IN11927

How Treasury Issues Debt

October 1, 2015 – June 14, 2022 R40767

The Expanded Child Tax Credit for 2021: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

September 3, 2021 – June 14, 2022 R46900

Romania: An Overview

April 2, 2021 – June 14, 2022 IF11801

Guides and Outfitters on Federal Lands: Issues for Congress

June 3, 2020 – June 14, 2022 R46381

The Political Question Doctrine: The Doctrine in the Modern Era (Part 3)

June 14, 2022 LSB10758

Postal Primer: ZIP Codes and Boundary Review Process

June 14, 2022 IF12132

FY2022 District of Columbia Budget and Appropriations

June 2, 2022 – June 14, 2022 R47156

The Political Question Doctrine: Historical Background (Part 2)

June 14, 2022 LSB10757

The Political Question Doctrine: An Introduction (Part 1)

June 14, 2022 LSB10756

The Political Question Doctrine: Congressional Governance and Impeachment as Political Questions (Part 5)

June 14, 2022 LSB10760

Social Security: Selected Findings of the 2022 Annual Report

June 14, 2022 IF12133

U.S.-Philippine Relations and Ferdinand Marcos Jr.’s Election

June 13, 2022 IN11954

The National Volcano Early Warning System

December 7, 2021 – June 13, 2022 IF11987

Audits of EITC Returns: By the Numbers

June 13, 2022 IN11952

Juvenile Life Without Parole: In Brief

June 13, 2022 R47158

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

September 13, 2021 – June 13, 2022 R46908

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 6–June 12, 2022)

June 13, 2022 LSB10755

Small Business Mentor-Protégé Programs

May 14, 2012 – June 10, 2022 R41722

WTO: 12th Ministerial, COVID-19, and Ongoing Issues

April 21, 2020 – June 10, 2022 IF11513

The America COMPETES Act Amendments to the Lacey Act

June 10, 2022 IN11950

Federal Research and Development (R&D) Funding: FY2023

June 10, 2022 R47161

School Safety and Target Hardening

June 10, 2022 IF12131

Judiciary Appropriations, FY2022

June 10, 2022 R47155

Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process

December 20, 2002 – June 10, 2022 RL31675

Proposals to Deny a Federal Tax Deduction for Prescription Drug Advertising Expenses

June 10, 2022 IN11951

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FY2022 Appropriations

June 9, 2022 IF12130

FY2022 Defense Appropriations Act: Context and Selected Issues

June 9, 2022 R47154

Stablecoins: Legal Issues and Regulatory Options (Part 1)

June 9, 2022 LSB10753

Stablecoins: Legal Issues and Regulatory Options (Part 2)

June 9, 2022 LSB10754

Small Business Management and Technical Assistance Training Programs

August 2, 2010 – June 9, 2022 R41352

Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Siting: FERC Policy and Issues for Congress

June 21, 2018 – June 9, 2022 R45239

DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FY2022 Appropriations

October 19, 2021 – June 9, 2022 IF11948

The Loan Limits for Government-Backed Mortgages

April 27, 2017 – June 9, 2022 R44826

Temporary Professional Foreign Workers: Background, Trends, and Policy Issues

June 9, 2022 R47159

Social Security: Adjustment Factors for Early or Delayed Benefit Claiming

June 8, 2022 R47151

Removal of Nazi Symbols and Inscriptions on Headstones of Prisoners of War in VA National Cemeteries

June 26, 2020 – June 8, 2022 IF11587

The Open App Markets Act

June 8, 2022 LSB10752

Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution

December 3, 2015 – June 8, 2022 R44296

Overview of the Federal Tax System in 2022

March 29, 2018 – June 8, 2022 R45145

Private-Sector Defined Contribution Pension Plans: An Introduction

June 8, 2022 R47152

Tribal Highway and Public Transportation Programs

June 7, 2022 IF12129

Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations

January 7, 2011 – June 7, 2022 R41576

Addressing the Long-Run Deficit: A Comparison of Approaches

May 14, 2019 – June 7, 2022 R45717

Energy and Water Development: FY2022 Appropriations

July 28, 2021 – June 7, 2022 R46857

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 30–June 5, 2022)

June 6, 2022 LSB10751

FEMA’s Community Disaster Loan Program: Loan Forgiveness

June 6, 2022 IF12128

Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues

October 15, 2009 – June 6, 2022 R40860

U.S. Food Price Inflation and Agriculture Policy

June 3, 2022 IN11945

Nicaragua in Brief: Political Developments and U.S. Policy

July 30, 2021 – June 3, 2022 R46860

U.S.-EU Trade Relations

May 6, 2022 – June 3, 2022 R47095

Carbon Dioxide Pipelines: Safety Issues

June 3, 2022 IN11944

Donor-Advised Funds (DAFs): Proposed Legislation

June 3, 2022 IF12126

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2023

June 2, 2022 R47123

Agency-Related Nonprofit Research Foundations and Corporations

December 9, 2019 – June 2, 2022 R46109

U.S.-EU Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework

August 6, 2020 – June 2, 2022 IF11613

The Army’s Project Convergence

September 28, 2020 – June 2, 2022 IF11654

Pensions and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): An Overview

June 1, 2022 R47119

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services: Authorities and Procedures

December 20, 2021 – June 1, 2022 LSB10671

Discretionary Waivers of Criminal Grounds of Inadmissibility Under INA § 212(h)

May 27, 2021 – June 1, 2022 LSB10603

The ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System and the Federal Role

June 1, 2022 R47121

Sifting Domestic Terrorism from Domestic Violent Extremism and Hate Crime

June 24, 2015 – June 1, 2022 IN10299

The Insurrection Bar to Holding Office: Appeals Court Issues Decision on Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment

June 1, 2022 LSB10750

Export-Import Bank: New Domestic Financing Initiative

May 31, 2022 IN11940

Department of Health and Human Services: FY2023 Budget Request

May 31, 2022 R47122

U.S. Economic Recovery in the Wake of COVID-19: Successes and Challenges

May 31, 2022 R47115

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 23–May 29, 2022)

May 31, 2022 LSB10749

U.S. Electricity Sector: Summer 2022 Outlook

May 31, 2022 IN11943

Permitting for Pesticide Discharges into Navigable Waters: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress

June 28, 2018 – May 27, 2022 IF10919

2022 Invocation of the Defense Production Act for Large-Capacity Batteries: In Brief

May 27, 2022 R47124

FHA Single-Family Mortgage Insurance: Financial Status of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund (MMI Fund)

December 21, 2012 – May 27, 2022 R42875

Automation, Worker Training, and Federal Tax Policy

May 27, 2022 IF12124

U.S. Gun Policy: Framework and Major Issues

December 3, 2018 – May 27, 2022 IF11038

FY2023 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability

April 17, 2014 – May 26, 2022 R43475

Military Applications of Extended Reality

January 4, 2022 – May 26, 2022 IF12010

Russia Sanctions and Cryptocurrencies: Policy Issues

May 26, 2022 IN11939

Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS)

March 8, 2022 – May 26, 2022 IN11877

Oversight of Gain of Function Research with Pathogens: Issues for Congress

May 26, 2022 R47114

The People’s Republic of China’s Panda Diplomacy

May 25, 2022 IF12122

Responding to State “Fragility” in Coastal West Africa

May 25, 2022 IN11938

International Atrocity Crimes and Their Domestic Counterparts

May 25, 2022 LSB10747

Small Business Set-Asides for Federal Timber Sales

May 25, 2022 IF12121

Use of Defense Production Act Authorities to Respond to the U.S. Infant Formula Shortage

May 24, 2022 IN11935

Capital Gains Taxes: An Overview of the Issues

May 24, 2022 R47113

China’s Economic and Trade Ties with Russia

May 24, 2022 IF12120

NIBRS Participation Rates and Federal Crime Data Quality

May 24, 2022 IN11936

mRNA Technologies: A Primer

May 24, 2022 R47112

Small Business Administration Trade and Export Promotion Programs

January 22, 2014 – May 24, 2022 R43155

U.S. Retirement Assets: Amount in Pensions and IRAs

May 23, 2022 IF12117

The Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions: An Overview

May 23, 2022 IF12118

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 16–May 22, 2022)

May 23, 2022 LSB10746

School Meals and Other Child Nutrition Programs: Background and Funding

February 13, 2020 – May 23, 2022 R46234

Tariffs and the Infant Formula Shortage

May 23, 2022 IN11932

Negotiation of Drug Prices in Medicare Part D

September 23, 2019 – May 23, 2022 IF11318

Inspectors General and the Implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

May 23, 2022 IN11933

Infant Formula Shortage: FDA Regulation and Federal Response

May 21, 2022 IF12123

FY2022 National Defense Authorization Act: Context and Selected Issues for Congress

May 20, 2022 R47110

Understanding Federal Legislation: A Section-by-Section Guide to Key Legal Considerations

August 18, 2020 – May 19, 2022 R46484

Funding of Postal Retiree Health Benefits in the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-108)

May 19, 2022 IN11931

Medicare Part B: Enrollment and Premiums

December 29, 2008 – May 19, 2022 R40082

National Park Service: FY2022 Appropriations

September 15, 2021 – May 19, 2022 IF11928

AUKUS and Indo-Pacific Security

May 19, 2022 IF12113

Legislative Branch: FY2022 Appropriations

October 14, 2021 – May 18, 2022 R46936

Federal Financial Assistance and Civil Rights Requirements

May 18, 2022 R47109

Guides and Outfitters on Federal Lands: Background and Permitting Processes

June 3, 2020 – May 18, 2022 R46380

Social Security: The Lump-Sum Death Benefit

July 15, 2014 – May 17, 2022 R43637

Status of Federal COVID-19 Vaccination Mandate Litigation

January 7, 2022 – May 17, 2022 LSB10681

Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2022

September 24, 2021 – May 17, 2022 IF11933

The Supreme Court’s “Major Questions” Doctrine: Background and Recent Developments

May 17, 2022 LSB10745

Child Care Entitlement to States: An Overview

November 6, 2018 – May 17, 2022 IF10511

Social Security: Cost-of-Living Adjustments (COLAs) and the System’s Projected Financial Shortfall

May 17, 2022 IF12109

The Indian Community Development Block Grant (ICDBG) Program: An Overview

January 29, 2021 – May 17, 2022 IF11749

Overview of the SEC Climate Risk Disclosure Proposed Rule

May 17, 2022 IF12108

Domestic Steel Manufacturing: Overview and Prospects

May 17, 2022 R47107

Thrift Savings Plan: Investment Issues

May 17, 2022 IF12110

State and Federal Authority to Mandate COVID-19 Vaccination

April 2, 2021 – May 17, 2022 R46745

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 9–May 15, 2022)

May 16, 2022 LSB10744

Bureau of Land Management: FY2022 Appropriations

August 3, 2021 – May 16, 2022 IF11890

Bolivia: An Overview

October 2, 2019 – May 16, 2022 IF11325

FY2021 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

May 16, 2022 R47111

Social Security Survivors Benefits

October 6, 2005 – May 16, 2022 RS22294

Algorithmic Stablecoins and the TerraUSD Crash

May 16, 2022 IN11928

Taxing Unemployment Insurance (UI) Benefits: Federal- and State-Level Tax Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic

May 16, 2022 R47105

Farm Bill Primer: PLC and ARC Farm Support Programs

May 16, 2022 IF12114

“Hacktivists” and the Ukraine-Russia Conflict: Legal Considerations

May 13, 2022 LSB10743

Online Content Moderation and Government Coercion

May 13, 2022 LSB10742

Social Security Administration (SSA) FY2022 Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation: In Brief

May 13, 2022 R47103

Introduction to Budget Authority

May 13, 2022 IF12105

Supply Disruptions and the U.S. Economy

May 13, 2022 IN11926

SBA Veterans Assistance Programs: An Analysis of Contemporary Issues

September 4, 2012 – May 12, 2022 R42695

Russia’s 2022 War Against Ukraine: Global Economic Effects

May 12, 2022 IF12104

Executive Privilege and Presidential Communications: Judicial Principles

May 12, 2022 R47102

DC Statehood: Constitutional Considerations for Proposed Legislation

May 12, 2022 R47101

Lebanon’s 2022 Parliamentary Elections

May 12, 2022 IN11924

Federal Crop Insurance: Fruits, Vegetables and Specialty Crops

November 1, 2017 – May 11, 2022 IF10765

Northern Ireland’s 2022 Assembly Election: Outcome and Implications

May 11, 2022 IN11922

Supporting Semiconductor Fabrication with an Investment Tax Credit (ITC)

May 11, 2022 IN11923

Overview of FY2022 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)

August 2, 2021 – May 11, 2022 R46868

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Infrastructure Programs and FY2022 Appropriations

May 11, 2022 IF12103

Taxing Authority in Federal Areas

May 11, 2022 R47098

Social Security Administration (SSA): Trends in the Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation Through FY2021

May 11, 2022 R47097

Federal Role in Voter Registration: The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 and Subsequent Developments

November 28, 2017 – May 11, 2022 R45030

Is Unauthorized Dissemination of a Draft Supreme Court Opinion a Federal Crime?

May 10, 2022 LSB10741

U.S.-Proposed Missile Technology Control Regime Changes

February 22, 2019 – May 10, 2022 IF11069

The Islamic State

April 26, 2018 – May 10, 2022 IF10328

Brazil: Background and U.S. Relations

February 20, 2020 – May 10, 2022 R46236

Regional Technology and Innovation Hubs: An Overview and Issues for Congress

May 10, 2022 IN11925

The 2022 Hong Kong Chief Executive Election

May 9, 2022 IN11930

Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards

October 11, 2018 – May 9, 2022 IF10871

Preparing Secrets for a Post-Quantum World—National Security Memorandum 10

May 9, 2022 IN11921

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 2–May 8, 2022)

May 9, 2022 LSB10740

Farm Bill Primer: Disaster Assistance

May 9, 2022 IF12101

Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

May 6, 2022 R47094

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS): FY2022 Appropriations and Background

June 11, 2021 – May 6, 2022 IF11850

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act: Highway Bridges

May 6, 2022 IF12099

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA): Background and U.S. Funding

November 10, 2021 – May 6, 2022 R46962

Human Trafficking Awareness Training for Health Care Professionals

May 6, 2022 R47100

Al Qaeda: Background, Current Status, and U.S. Policy

June 14, 2021 – May 6, 2022 IF11854

The Role of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in Budget Development: In Brief

May 5, 2022 R47089

The Role of Executive Agencies in Budget Development: In Brief

May 5, 2022 R47091

The Role of the President in Budget Development: In Brief

May 5, 2022 R47092

U.S. Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing

May 5, 2022 R47093

Executive Agency Justification of the President’s Budget: In Brief

May 5, 2022 R47090

The U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Background and Issues

May 1, 2008 – May 4, 2022 RL34470

Student Support and Academic Enrichment (SSAE) Grants

June 15, 2018 – May 4, 2022 IF10910

Farm Bill Primer: Beginning and Underserved Producers

May 4, 2022 IF12096

Russian Sanctions and Cryptocurrency

May 4, 2022 IN11920

ESEA: The Promise Neighborhoods and Full-Service Community Schools Programs

May 1, 2019 – May 4, 2022 IF11196

Social Security Benefit Formula and Payroll Taxes: Potential Impacts of Policy Changes on Selected Worker Groups

May 4, 2022 R47087

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Infrastructure Financing Program (CWIFP): Status and Issues

January 14, 2021 – May 3, 2022 IN11577

Social Security: The Widow(er)’s Limit Provision

May 3, 2022 IF12091

The Federal Communications Commission: Structure, Operations, and Budget

April 18, 2019 – May 3, 2022 R45699

The Role of the House Majority Leader: An Overview

April 4, 2006 – May 3, 2022 RL30665

Farm Bill Primer: Agricultural Research and Extension

January 24, 2022 – May 3, 2022 IF12023

Payment Settlement Entities and IRS Reporting Requirements

May 3, 2022 IF12095

Refining Reed: City of Austin Updates Test for Content-Based Speech Restrictions

May 2, 2022 LSB10739

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: Implications for Global Food Prices and Food Security

May 2, 2022 IN11919

Puerto Rico’s Public Debts: Accumulation and Restructuring

May 10, 2021 – May 2, 2022 R46788

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 25–May 1, 2022)

May 2, 2022 LSB10738

Designing Congressional Commissions: Background and Considerations for Congress

October 2, 2018 – May 2, 2022 R45328

Federal Retirement Plans: Frequently Asked Questions

May 2, 2022 R47084

F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program

January 11, 2002 – May 2, 2022 RL30563

Legislation Partially Addresses Fatal “Duck Boat” Accidents

April 29, 2022 IF12088

U.S. Citizenship Through Military Service and Options for Military Relatives

April 29, 2022 IF12089

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Sixth Assessment Report

April 29, 2022 R47082

Offshore Oil and Gas: Leasing “Pause,” Federal Leasing Review, and Current Issues

August 23, 2021 – April 29, 2022 IF11909

Agricultural Disaster Assistance

November 5, 2002 – April 29, 2022 RS21212

FY2023 Budget Request for the Military Health System

April 29, 2022 IF12087

Equal Protection Does Not Mean Equal SSI Benefits for Puerto Rico Residents, Says Supreme Court

April 28, 2022 LSB10737

Recent Litigation over the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases

April 28, 2022 LSB10736

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): Legislative History

April 26, 2017 – April 28, 2022 R44825

Agricultural Conservation: FY2022 Appropriations

November 22, 2021 – April 28, 2022 R46971

The State Secrets Privilege: National Security Information in Civil Litigation

April 28, 2022 R47081

Unemployment Insurance: Program Integrity and Fraud Concerns Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic Response

April 27, 2022 R47079

Information Technology Spending in the President’s Budget Submission: In Brief

November 22, 2021 – April 27, 2022 R46972

Small Business Administration: A Primer on Programs and Funding

January 20, 2006 – April 27, 2022 RL33243

Changes to Operational Transparency and Performance Measurement in the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

February 7, 2022 – April 27, 2022 IN11852

Inflation-Adjusted House Member Office Staff Pay Levels, Selected Positions, March 2022

April 27, 2022 IN11918

Child Welfare in the President’s FY2023 Budget

April 26, 2022 R47080

Campaign Finance and the First Amendment: Supreme Court Considers Constitutionality of Limits on Repayment of Candidate Loans

April 26, 2022 LSB10734

International Neutrality Law and U.S. Military Assistance to Ukraine

April 26, 2022 LSB10735

Tax Incentives for Opportunity Zones

April 5, 2018 – April 26, 2022 R45152

Challenges for Taxpayers Filing in 2022

March 10, 2022 – April 25, 2022 IN11880

Privately Made and Unmarked Firearms: Overview of ATF “Ghost Gun” Rule

April 25, 2022 LSB10733

Congressional Gold Medals: Categorization of Proposed and Enacted Medals, 1973-2020

April 25, 2022 IF12085

U.S. Immigration Courts and the Pending Cases Backlog

April 25, 2022 R47077

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 18–April 24, 2022)

April 25, 2022 LSB10732

Changes to Postal Regulatory Commission Administration in the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

June 2, 2021 – April 25, 2022 IN11685

Political Transition in Yemen

April 25, 2022 IN11917

Judiciary Budget Request, FY2023

June 3, 2021 – April 25, 2022 IF11842

The Equal Rights Amendment: Recent Developments

April 25, 2022 LSB10731

Intellectual Property and Technical Data in DOD Acquisitions

April 22, 2022 IF12083

Federal Broadband Data Sources: Frequently Asked Questions

April 22, 2022 R47076

Strategic Petroleum Reserve Oil Releases: October 2021 Through October 2022

April 22, 2022 IN11916

The Retirement Savings Contribution Credit

April 2, 2019 – April 22, 2022 IF11159

FY2020 State Grants Under Title I-A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

April 22, 2022 R47078

Insurance, Cyberattacks, and War in Ukraine

April 22, 2022 IN11914

Year-Round Sale of E15

October 11, 2018 – April 21, 2022 IN10979

Nonstructural Shoreline Stabilization Projects, or “Beach Renourishment,” and the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA)

April 21, 2022 LSB10729

Designation of Ukraine for Temporary Protected Status: Impact and Other Considerations

March 14, 2022 – April 21, 2022 IN11889

Russia’s Nuclear Weapons: Doctrine, Forces, and Modernization

August 5, 2019 – April 21, 2022 R45861

Farm Bill Primer: International Food Aid Programs, McGovern-Dole and Local and Regional Procurement

April 21, 2022 IF12081

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA): Current Roles and Programs

April 20, 2022 R47075

Leaving Congress: House of Representatives and Senate Departures Data, 1989-2020

September 24, 2010 – April 20, 2022 R41428

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as Amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA): A Primer

October 17, 2019 – April 20, 2022 R45977

Controlled Access Programs of the Intelligence Community

April 20, 2022 IF12080

SBA Office of the National Ombudsman: Overview, History, and Current Issues

January 10, 2018 – April 19, 2022 R45071

The U.S. Individual Income Tax System, 2022

April 19, 2022 IG10032

Gasoline Price Increases: Federal and State Authority to Limit “Price Gouging”

April 19, 2022 R47072

Global Tuberculosis: Background and Issues for Congress

April 19, 2022 R47073

Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan

February 12, 2019 – April 19, 2022 IF10604

Digital Wallets and Selected Policy Issues

April 18, 2022 IF12079

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 11–April 17, 2022)

April 18, 2022 LSB10728

Public Transportation Faces Post-Pandemic Challenges

April 18, 2022 IN11913

The Use of DNA by the Criminal Justice System and the Federal Role: Background, Current Law, and Grants

May 2, 2011 – April 18, 2022 R41800

American Battlefield Protection Program

October 7, 2019 – April 18, 2022 IF11329

Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (Perkins V): A Primer

April 15, 2022 R47071

The PREP Act and COVID-19, Part 1: Statutory Authority to Limit Liability for Medical Countermeasures

April 8, 2020 – April 13, 2022 LSB10443

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2023 Budget Request Fact Sheet

April 13, 2022 R47069

Intellectual Property Law: A Brief Introduction

September 19, 2018 – April 13, 2022 IF10986

Blockchain: Novel Provenance Applications

April 8, 2022 – April 12, 2022 R47064

Update to Industries Eligible for the Women-Owned Small Business Contracting Program

April 12, 2022 IN11912

China’s Role in the Exploitation of Global Fisheries: Issues for Congress

April 12, 2022 R47065

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Apr. 4–Apr. 10, 2022)

April 11, 2022 LSB10727

The Senate’s Executive Calendar

March 26, 2003 – April 11, 2022 98-438

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact in Africa

May 4, 2020 – April 11, 2022 IF11532

Qatar: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

June 20, 2016 – April 11, 2022 R44533

Firearms Eligibility: Stalking- and Domestic Violence-Related Provisions in H.R. 1620

March 10, 2021 – April 11, 2022 IF11784

Racial and Ethnic Equity in U.S. Agriculture: Selected Current Issues

April 11, 2022 R47066

Overview of Correspondent Banking and “De-Risking” Issues

April 20, 2018 – April 8, 2022 IF10873

Enhancing the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938

April 8, 2022 TE10072

Will FEMA Recommend Public Assistance Following a Disaster? Proposed Rulemaking

October 15, 2020 – April 8, 2022 IN11534

Examining Stock Trading Reforms For Congress

April 8, 2022 TE10073

SBA Small Business Investment Company Program

January 10, 2011 – April 7, 2022 R41456

Sexual Harassment and Assault at School: Divergence Among Federal Courts Regarding Liability

April 7, 2022 LSB10726

Hungary’s 2022 Election: Issues for Congress

April 7, 2022 IN11909

Medicare Trigger

January 15, 2009 – April 7, 2022 RS22796

The Evolution of Marijuana as a Controlled Substance and the Federal-State Policy Gap

March 10, 2017 – April 7, 2022 R44782

U.S. Border Patrol Encounters at the Southwest Border: Titles 8 & 42

April 7, 2022 IG10031

The Provider Relief Fund: Frequently Asked Questions

September 2, 2021 – April 7, 2022 R46897

The Department of Homeland Security’s Authority to Expand Expedited Removal

October 2, 2019 – April 6, 2022 LSB10336

Antitrust Issues in Labor Markets

April 6, 2022 LSB10725

National Park System: Establishing New Units

January 23, 2004 – April 6, 2022 RS20158

Education for Afghan Girls Under the Taliban: Status and Issues for Congress

April 6, 2022 IN11908

A Code of Conduct for the Supreme Court? Legal Questions and Considerations

February 6, 2019 – April 6, 2022 LSB10255

Federal Election Commission Nomination Background

April 5, 2022 IN11907

Section 301 Tariffs on Goods from China: International and Domestic Legal Challenges

November 13, 2020 – April 5, 2022 LSB10553

Legislation to Repeal Mandatory Securities Arbitration

April 5, 2022 IF12076

DOE’s Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Removal Programs

June 16, 2021 – April 4, 2022 IF11861

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 28–April 3, 2022)

April 4, 2022 LSB10724

National Flood Insurance Program: The Current Rating Structure and Risk Rating 2.0

November 7, 2019 – April 4, 2022 R45999

Payroll Taxes: An Overview of Taxes Imposed and Past Payroll Tax Relief

April 4, 2022 R47062

The Budget Resolution and the Senate’s Automatic Discharge Process

June 23, 2021 – April 4, 2022 IN11693

How Climate Change May Affect the U.S. Economy

April 4, 2022 R47063

U.S. International Investment Agreements (IIAs)

April 20, 2015 – April 1, 2022 IF10052

Roll Call Votes to Confirm Supreme Court Nominations: Historical Analysis of Support and Opposition (1900-2020)

April 1, 2022 IN11905

Federal Civil Action for Disclosure of Intimate Images: Free Speech Considerations

April 1, 2022 LSB10723

Advances in Satellite Methane Measurement: Implications for Fossil Fuel Industry Emissions Detection and Climate Policy

April 1, 2022 IF12072

Web3: A Proposed Blockchain-Based, Decentralized Web

April 1, 2022 IF12075

No Surprises Act’s Independent Dispute Resolution Process and Related Litigation

April 1, 2022 IN11906

Russia’s Trade Status, Tariffs, and WTO Issues

April 1, 2022 IF12071

Surprise Billing: Independent Dispute Resolution Process

April 1, 2022 IF12073

An Economic Perspective on Wealth Taxes

May 4, 2021 – April 1, 2022 IF11823

Overview of Federal Hate Crime Laws

April 1, 2022 R47060

Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

June 29, 2018 – April 1, 2022 IF10667

Access to Government Information: An Overview

March 31, 2022 R47058

U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: FY2022 Appropriations

February 7, 2022 – March 31, 2022 R47028

Preparing for the Next Farm Bill

March 31, 2022 R47057

Skills Gaps: A Review of Underlying Concepts and Evidence

March 31, 2022 R47059

Juvenile Justice Funding Trends

June 26, 2017 – March 31, 2022 R44879

Social Security: How Do Children Qualify for Benefits?

March 30, 2022 IF12069

United States European Command: Overview and Key Issues

March 12, 2019 – March 30, 2022 IF11130

United States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM)

March 17, 2020 – March 30, 2022 IF11464

Small Business Administration Microloan Program

August 9, 2011 – March 30, 2022 R41057

Build Back Better Act (BBBA) Health Coverage Provisions: House-Passed and Senate-Released Language

March 30, 2022 R47056

SBA Office of Advocacy: Overview, History, and Current Issues

February 9, 2015 – March 30, 2022 R43625

Space Weather: An Overview of Policy and Select U.S. Government Roles and Responsibilities

November 20, 2019 – March 29, 2022 R46049

The Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine: The Last Resort Rule (Part 2 of 3)

March 29, 2022 LSB10721

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Mar. 21–Mar. 27, 2022), Part 1

March 28, 2022 – March 29, 2022 LSB10715

Afghanistan Designated for Temporary Protected Status

March 29, 2022 IN11903

Presidential Succession in Turkmenistan: Issues for Congress

March 29, 2022 IN11904

The Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine: Judicial Minimalism (Part 1 of 3)

March 29, 2022 LSB10720

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: The Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine (Part 9)

March 29, 2022 LSB10719

Medicare and Budget Sequestration

February 16, 2018 – March 29, 2022 R45106

The Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine: The Constitutional-Doubt Canon (Part 3 of 3)

March 29, 2022 LSB10722

U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy: Considering “No First Use”

August 16, 2016 – March 29, 2022 IN10553

Mark-to-Market Taxation of Capital Gains

October 28, 2021 – March 29, 2022 IF11957

Overdraft: Payment Service or Small-Dollar Credit?

March 16, 2020 – March 28, 2022 IF11460

Illicit Fentanyl and Weapons of Mass Destruction: International Controls and Policy Options

March 28, 2022 IN11902

Bureau of Reclamation: FY2022 Appropriations

June 15, 2021 – March 28, 2022 IF11855

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Mar. 21–Mar. 27, 2022), Part 2

March 28, 2022 LSB10718

U.S. Nationals and Foreign Military Service

March 28, 2022 IF12068

Military Response to Omicron and COVID-19: Federal Armed Forces and National Guard

February 25, 2022 – March 28, 2022 IN11867

Private Equity and Capital Markets Policy

March 28, 2022 R47053

Overview of U.S. International Food Assistance

March 25, 2022 IF12067

Breakthrough on a Potential COVID-19 Intellectual Property Rights Waiver

March 25, 2022 IN11901

Internal Revenue Service Appropriations, FY2022

November 22, 2021 – March 25, 2022 IF11979

Expedited Removal of Aliens: An Introduction

November 12, 2019 – March 25, 2022 IF11357

Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Relations

July 29, 2013 – March 25, 2022 R43166

Medicare Payment for Rural or Geographically Isolated Hospitals, 2021

June 8, 2021 – March 25, 2022 IG10023

Financial Services Provisions in the FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-103)

March 24, 2022 IN11899

The 2020 Decennial Census: Assessments to Date of Census Quality

March 11, 2022 – March 24, 2022 R47046

The Fourth Amendment and the Internet: Legal Limits on Digital Searches for Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM)

March 24, 2022 LSB10713

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): COVID-19 Emergency Temporary Standards (ETS) on Health Care Employment and Vaccinations and Testing for Large Employers

March 26, 2020 – March 24, 2022 R46288

U.S. Export Controls and China

August 21, 2020 – March 24, 2022 IF11627

Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2022

January 7, 2022 – March 24, 2022 R47005

SBA Women-Owned Small Business Federal Contracting Program

April 23, 2020 – March 24, 2022 R46322

Members of the House of Representatives Lying in State in the U.S. Capitol

July 27, 2020 – March 24, 2022 IN11472

A Revisit of the Domain Name System After Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine

March 23, 2022 IN11898

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Reinsurance, and Catastrophe Bonds

September 11, 2018 – March 23, 2022 IN10965

Crude Oil Windfall Profits Taxes: Background and Policy Considerations

March 23, 2022 IF12064

Stratospheric Ozone Treaties and the Kigali Amendment: Ratification Considerations

March 23, 2022 LSB10712

Using Retirement Account Features for Short-Term Savings

March 23, 2022 IF12065

Medicare Payment for Rural or Geographically Isolated Hospitals, 2022

March 23, 2022 IG10030

The Role of Russian Natural Gas

March 23, 2022 IN11900

FEMA Hazard Mitigation: A First Step Toward Climate Adaptation

December 15, 2021 – March 23, 2022 R46989

Violence Against Journalists in Mexico: In Brief

May 17, 2018 – March 22, 2022 R45199

Evaluation Process and Ratings of Supreme Court Nominees by the American Bar Association

March 22, 2022 IN11896

Connecting Older Adults and Individuals with Disabilities to Health Services: Resources for Congressional Offices

December 3, 2020 – March 22, 2022 IF11694

The Federal Reserve and Inflation

February 25, 2022 – March 21, 2022 IN11868

Delegates to the U.S. Congress: History and Current Status

January 6, 2011 – March 21, 2022 R40555

Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management: An Introduction

June 29, 2018 – March 21, 2022 IF10920

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Mar. 14–Mar. 20, 2022)

March 21, 2022 LSB10711

The LIBOR Transition

September 20, 2019 – March 21, 2022 IF11315

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: NATO Response

February 24, 2022 – March 21, 2022 IN11866

Comparing DHS Component Funding Proposals, FY2022: In Brief

November 24, 2021 – March 18, 2022 R46978

FY2022 NDAA: Research, Development, Test and Evaluation Authorizations

March 18, 2022 IN11895

State-Administered IRA Programs: Overview and Considerations for Congress

August 4, 2020 – March 18, 2022 IF11611

Enforcement of Economic Sanctions: An Overview

March 18, 2022 IF12063

Questioning Judicial Nominees: Legal Limitations and Practice

August 30, 2018 – March 17, 2022 R45300

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: Implications for Agricultural Trade and Production

March 17, 2022 IN11894

Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience: Countering Russian and Other Nation-State Cyber Threats

March 16, 2022 IF12061

The Law of War and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

March 16, 2022 LSB10710

Methane Emissions: A Primer

August 23, 2018 – March 16, 2022 IF10752

Attacks Against the United Arab Emirates: Issues for Congress

March 16, 2022 IN11891

Social Security Retirement Benefit Claiming Age

February 26, 2019 – March 15, 2022 IF11115

Ukraine: New U.S. Deployments to Europe Might Raise War Powers Resolution Questions

March 15, 2022 IN11890

South Koreans Elect a New President

March 15, 2022 IN11892

SBA’s Community Navigator Pilot Program

March 15, 2022 IN11893

Russia, Ukraine, and the International Financial Institutions

March 14, 2022 IN11888

Energy and Water Development Appropriations: Nuclear Weapons Activities

April 1, 2016 – March 14, 2022 R44442

Amendments Between the Houses: Procedural Options and Effects

January 4, 2010 – March 14, 2022 R41003

The Charitable Deduction for Individuals

November 13, 2018 – March 14, 2022 IF11022

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Mar. 7–Mar. 13, 2022)

March 14, 2022 LSB10708

Children and the Internet: Legal Considerations in Restricting Access to Content

March 14, 2022 R47049

The Nomination of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court

March 14, 2022 R47050

U.S. Farm Income Outlook: 2021 Forecast

March 14, 2022 R47051

International Trade and E-Commerce

May 1, 2019 – March 14, 2022 IF11194

Defense Production Act Authorities and U.S. Domestic Energy Supplies

March 11, 2022 IN11884

Resurgence of Chemical Weapons Use: Issues for Congress

July 24, 2018 – March 11, 2022 IN10936

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: Turkey’s Response and Black Sea Access Issues

March 11, 2022 IN11885

Supreme Court Revisits Scope of “Waters of the United States” (WOTUS) Under the Clean Water Act

March 11, 2022 LSB10707

Biological Security Engagement in Ukraine: U.S. Cooperation and Threat Reduction Programs

March 11, 2022 IN11886

AUKUS Nuclear Cooperation

December 10, 2021 – March 11, 2022 IF11999

What Is a No-Fly Zone (NFZ)?

March 10, 2022 IF12059

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

March 10, 2022 R47047

Invasion of Ukraine: Russia’s Trade Status, Tariffs, and WTO Issues

March 10, 2022 IN11881

Russia’s Nord Stream 2 Natural Gas Pipeline to Germany Halted

March 18, 2019 – March 10, 2022 IF11138

FDA Regulation of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products

July 9, 2012 – March 9, 2022 R42594

Synthetic Nicotine: Frequently Asked Questions

February 28, 2022 – March 9, 2022 R47043

Supreme Court Appointment Process: President’s Selection of a Nominee

October 19, 2015 – March 8, 2022 R44235

Cost-Benefit Analysis in Federal Agency Rulemaking

March 8, 2022 IF12058

Terrorism Risk Insurance: Overview and Issue Analysis

March 8, 2022 R47042

Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President

January 5, 2006 – March 8, 2022 RL33225

Ninth Circuit Holds that Criminal Penalties for Encouraging or Inducing Illegal Immigration Violate First Amendment

March 8, 2022 LSB10705

Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank)

December 23, 2014 – March 8, 2022 IF10017

President’s Selection of a Supreme Court Nominee: The Nomination of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson in Historical Context

March 8, 2022 IN11878

USDA Rural Housing Programs: An Overview

March 8, 2022 R47044

Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs): Overview and Related History

March 7, 2022 R47041

U.S.-Taiwan Trade Relations

July 14, 2015 – March 7, 2022 IF10256

Army Corps of Engineers: Environmental Infrastructure (EI) Assistance

April 19, 2019 – March 7, 2022 IF11184

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Feb. 28–Mar. 6, 2022)

March 7, 2022 LSB10703

Social Security: The Government Pension Offset (GPO)

July 6, 2004 – March 7, 2022 RL32453

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Issues and Aspects

February 28, 2022 – March 7, 2022 IN11872

New U.S. Marine Corps Force Design Initiative: Force Design 2030

March 26, 2020 – March 7, 2022 IN11281

Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons

September 9, 2004 – March 7, 2022 RL32572

United Nations Security Council and General Assembly Responses to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

March 7, 2022 IN11876

The International Monetary Fund

December 14, 2018 – March 7, 2022 IF10676

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: New Financial and Trade Sanctions

February 28, 2022 – March 4, 2022 IN11871

Statutory Federal Gun Registry Prohibitions and ATF Record Retention Requirements

March 4, 2022 IF12057

Surface Transportation and Climate Change: Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58)

September 10, 2021 – March 4, 2022 IF11921

Locomotive Idling, Air Quality, and Blocked Crossings

September 13, 2018 – March 4, 2022 IF10978

Social Security: Trust Fund Status in the Early 1980s and Today and the 1980s Greenspan Commission

March 4, 2022 R47040

House Committee Reports: Required Contents

March 4, 2022 R47039

Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson: Selected Primary Material

February 28, 2022 – March 3, 2022 LSB10702

Klamath River Dam Removal and Restoration

August 7, 2020 – March 3, 2022 IF11616

How Unanimous Consent Agreements Regulate Senate Floor Action

April 30, 2003 – March 2, 2022 RS20594

Geographic Cost of Living Differences: In Brief

March 2, 2022 R47037

Drought in the Klamath River Basin

June 8, 2021 – March 2, 2022 IN11689

CDBG-DR Expenditure Reporting and Status Designations: Updated Methodology

March 1, 2022 IN11873

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Feb. 21–Feb. 27, 2022)

February 28, 2022 LSB10700

Nuclear Arms Control After the Biden-Putin Summit

June 24, 2021 – February 28, 2022 IN11694

The Supreme Court Nomination of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson: Initial Observations

February 28, 2022 LSB10701

FY2022 NDAA: Procurement Authorizations

February 28, 2022 IN11870

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): Categorical Eligibility

October 21, 2011 – February 25, 2022 R42054

Biden Administration Plans for an Indo-Pacific Economic Framework

December 2, 2021 – February 25, 2022 IN11814

Abortion: Judicial History and Legislative Response

June 8, 2006 – February 25, 2022 RL33467

Farm Bill Primer: Forestry Title

February 24, 2022 IF12054

Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province

April 3, 2015 – February 24, 2022 IF10173

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and Airport Funding

February 24, 2022 IN11864

U.S.-South Korea Relations

November 3, 2010 – February 24, 2022 R41481

Federal Data Integration and Individual Rights: The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act

February 23, 2022 IF12053

OMB Issues New Guidance on Agency Engagement with Inspectors General

February 23, 2022 IN11863

Supreme Court Agrees to Hear Voting Rights Act Challenge to Congressional Redistricting Map and Stays Lower Court Ruling: Implications for Congress

February 22, 2022 LSB10699

Rules and Practices Governing Consideration of Revenue Legislation in the House and Senate

September 14, 2010 – February 22, 2022 R41408

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Feb. 14–Feb. 20, 2022)

February 22, 2022 LSB10698

India’s 2022 State Elections: A Preview

February 21, 2022 IN11865

Federal Support for Domestic COVID-19 Test Availability

February 18, 2022 IF12050

U.S. District Court Vacates Gray Wolf Delisting Rule

February 18, 2022 LSB10697

COVID-19: The Way Forward

February 18, 2022 IF12051

High Home Prices: Contributing Factors and Policy Considerations

February 18, 2022 IF12048

Supreme Court Nominations During Years with a Closely Divided Senate

February 18, 2022 IN11862

The Department of Energy’s Appliance and Equipment Standards Program

February 18, 2022 R47038

Stock Trading in Congress: 117th Congress Proposals to Limit or Prohibit Certain Financial Transactions

February 17, 2022 IN11860

Climate Change Risk Disclosures and the Securities and Exchange Commission

April 20, 2021 – February 17, 2022 R46766

New U.S.-Mexico Security Strategy: Issues for Congressional Consideration

February 17, 2022 IN11859

U.S. Challenges to China’s Farm Policies

July 27, 2020 – February 17, 2022 IN11469

Federal Pay: General Schedule (GS) Pay Adjustment Process, Amounts Provided Since 2010, and Issues for Congress

February 17, 2022 R47033

The U.S. Government’s Role in Domestic and Global COVID-19 Vaccine Supply and Distribution: Frequently Asked Questions

January 10, 2022 – February 17, 2022 IF12013

Bureau of Reclamation Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58)

February 16, 2022 R47032

The House Appropriations Process: Opportunities for Member Participation

February 16, 2022 R47031

COVID-19 and Access to Medical Products: Implications of Section 301 Tariffs

November 3, 2021 – February 16, 2022 R46954

Adjustment of Puerto Rico’s Public Debts

February 16, 2022 IN11858

Veterans and Homelessness

April 2, 2015 – February 15, 2022 IF10167

Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 117th Congress, First Session

May 12, 2021 – February 15, 2022 R46789

Traditional and Roth Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): A Primer

March 3, 2008 – February 15, 2022 RL34397

Stalking Concerns Raised by Bluetooth Tracking Technologies: In Brief

February 15, 2022 R47035

Advanced Battle Management System (ABMS)

June 29, 2021 – February 15, 2022 IF11866

Roles and Duties of a Member of Congress: Brief Overview

October 10, 2006 – February 15, 2022 RL33686

National Spectrum Policy: Interference Issues in the 5G Context

February 14, 2022 IF12046

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Feb. 7–Feb. 13, 2022)

February 14, 2022 LSB10696

The Census Bureau Director

June 8, 2021 – February 11, 2022 IF11845

Funding of Postal Retiree Health Benefits in the USPS Fairness Act (Section 102 of Postal Service Reform Act of 2022)

February 11, 2022 IN11855

Selected Mail Delivery Provisions in the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (H.R. 3076)

June 2, 2021 – February 11, 2022 IN11686

“An Epidemic of Coups” in Africa? Issues for Congress

February 11, 2022 IN11854

Proposed Changes to USPS Health Benefits in the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

February 11, 2022 IN11856

Congress and the War in Yemen: Oversight and Legislation 2015-2021

December 20, 2017 – February 10, 2022 R45046

The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA)

February 1, 2019 – February 10, 2022 IF11090

Reforming the U.S. Postal Service: Background and Issues for Congress

August 25, 2016 – February 10, 2022 R44603

Poverty in the United States in 2020

February 10, 2022 R47030

The Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act (EEOICPA)

August 5, 2020 – February 10, 2022 R46476

FEMA’s Role in the COVID-19 Federal Pandemic Response

February 10, 2022 R47048

Who Can Claim a Child for the Child Tax Credit?

February 10, 2022 IN11853

Passenger Rail Expansion in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)

September 9, 2021 – February 10, 2022 IF11920

Farm Bill Primer: Rural Development Title

February 9, 2022 IF12038

Farm Bill Primer: Rural Broadband Provisions

February 9, 2022 IF12041

Afghanistan: Humanitarian Crisis, Economic Collapse, and U.S. Sanctions

February 9, 2022 IF12039

Approaches for the Sustainable Management of U.S. Ocean Waters and the Ocean Economy: Considerations for Congress

February 8, 2022 IF12037

Federal Highway Programs: In Brief

January 31, 2022 – February 7, 2022 R47022

Central Bank Digital Currencies: Policy Issues

July 21, 2021 – February 7, 2022 R46850

Factors Affecting the Cost of Extending the Expanded Child Tax Credit

February 7, 2022 IN11851

U.S. Nuclear Plant Shutdowns, State Interventions, and Policy Concerns

June 10, 2021 – February 7, 2022 R46820

Systemic Vulnerabilities in Information Technology—Log4Shell

December 13, 2021 – February 7, 2022 IN11824

Russian Military Buildup Along the Ukrainian Border

November 19, 2021 – February 7, 2022 IN11806

FY2022 NDAA: Care for Anomalous Health Incident Victims

February 7, 2022 IN11850

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 31–Feb. 6, 2022)

February 7, 2022 LSB10695

Sexual Assault Kits (SAKs) and the Backlog of Untested Sexual Assault Evidence: In Brief

October 19, 2015 – February 7, 2022 R44237

National Park System: What Do the Different Park Titles Signify?

February 20, 2013 – February 7, 2022 R41816

Tsunamis: Background and Introduction to Detection, Forecasts, and Warnings

February 4, 2022 IN11849

Funding Limits on Federal Prosecutions of State-Legal Medical Marijuana

February 4, 2022 LSB10694

Organ Transplant Candidacy and COVID-19 Vaccination Status

February 4, 2022 IN11848

Extreme Weather and Lifeline Infrastructure Resilience: Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)

February 4, 2022 IF12034

Controlling Lead in Public Drinking Water Supplies

September 4, 2019 – February 3, 2022 IF11302

Diplomacy with North Korea: A Status Report

January 22, 2020 – February 3, 2022 IF11415

Iran Sanctions

July 20, 2001 – February 2, 2022 RS20871

The Exclusion of Capital Gains for Owner-Occupied Housing

December 26, 2007 – February 2, 2022 RL32978

Compliance Date Arrives for Rule Mandating Training for Aspiring Commercial Drivers

February 2, 2022 IN11846

FY2022 NDAA: Military Construction Authorizations

February 2, 2022 IN11845

Parliamentary Rights of the Delegates and Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico

June 18, 2009 – February 2, 2022 R40170

The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions

May 3, 2010 – February 2, 2022 R41219

ACA Connects v. Bonta: Ninth Circuit Upholds California’s Net Neutrality Law in Preemption Challenge

February 2, 2022 LSB10693

Russian Cyber Units

January 4, 2021 – February 2, 2022 IF11718

Immunization Information Systems: Overview and Current Issues

February 1, 2022 R47024

U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominees Confirmed During the First Year of the Biden Presidency: Overview and Analysis

February 1, 2022 R47025

How Do Marginal Income Tax Rates Work in 2021?

February 1, 2022 IF12032

Financial Regulation: Systemic Risk

February 1, 2022 R47026

Anti-corruption Efforts in Latin America and the Caribbean

February 1, 2022 IF12031

Reauthorization of the Secure Rural Schools Payments in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

December 3, 2021 – February 1, 2022 IN11818

Legislative and Judicial Developments Affecting Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER)

December 20, 2021 – February 1, 2022 LSB10672

The Army’s AimPoint and Army 2030 Force Structure Initiatives

May 8, 2020 – January 31, 2022 IF11542

Supreme Court Rules on Retirement Plan Fiduciary Duty in Hughes v. Northwestern University

August 19, 2021 – January 31, 2022 LSB10636

Private Activity Bonds: An Introduction

June 9, 2006 – January 31, 2022 RL31457

The Broadband Digital Divide: What Comes Next for Congress?

January 31, 2022 IF12030

Legal Dreamers

January 31, 2022 IN11844

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 24–Jan. 30, 2022)

January 31, 2022 LSB10692

Unemployment Insurance (UI) Benefits: Permanent-Law Programs and the COVID-19 Pandemic Response

February 17, 2021 – January 31, 2022 R46687

Decommissioning 3G Networks: Impact on Consumer Devices

January 28, 2022 IF12029

Justice Breyer Retires: Initial Considerations

January 28, 2022 LSB10691

SelectUSA: U.S. Inbound Investment Promotion

June 15, 2017 – January 28, 2022 IF10674

National African American History Month Speech Resources: Fact Sheet

February 4, 2016 – January 28, 2022 R44363

Overview of the Global Humanitarian and Displacement Crisis

September 20, 2018 – January 27, 2022 IF10568

Department of the Interior and Environmental Justice: Overview and Current Policies

January 27, 2022 R47023

Federal Reserve: Tapering of Asset Purchases

November 4, 2021 – January 27, 2022 IN11792

Ferry Programs in the Department of Transportation

January 26, 2022 – January 27, 2022 IF12027

Global Refugee Resettlement: Selected Issues and Questions

January 11, 2019 – January 27, 2022 IF10611

U.S. Trade and Development Agency (TDA)

June 15, 2017 – January 27, 2022 IF10673

The United Nations Human Rights Council: Background and Policy Issues

August 8, 2006 – January 26, 2022 RL33608

Ukrainian Armed Forces

June 23, 2021 – January 26, 2022 IF11862

Aviation Concerns Regarding the Rollout of 5G Wireless Telecommunications Networks

January 26, 2022 IF12028

Farm Bill Primer: Conservation Title

January 25, 2022 IF12024

Refundable Tax Credits for Families in 2021

January 25, 2022 IF12025

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA): Selected Legal Issues

November 22, 2016 – January 25, 2022 R44694

The Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Issues for Congress

January 24, 2022 R47016

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 17–Jan. 23, 2022)

January 24, 2022 LSB10690

The Expanded Childless EITC and Marriage Penalties

January 24, 2022 IN11843

FY2022 NDAA: COVID-19 Vaccination-related Provisions

January 24, 2022 IN11842

Joint All-Domain Command and Control: Background and Issues for Congress

March 18, 2021 – January 21, 2022 R46725

Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2)

April 6, 2020 – January 21, 2022 IF11493

Supreme Court Stays OSHA Vaccination and Testing Standard

January 21, 2022 LSB10689

FHA-Insured Home Loans: An Overview

October 7, 2008 – January 21, 2022 RS20530

Elections Policy Overview and the 117th Congress

January 21, 2022 IN11841

An Analysis of Bank Charters and Selected Policy Issues

January 21, 2022 R47014

International Trade in Services

December 16, 2020 – January 21, 2022 IF11706

The Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Issues

February 1, 2019 – January 20, 2022 R45484

Federal Research and Development (R&D) Funding: FY2022

August 3, 2021 – January 19, 2022 R46869

Federal Land Management Agencies: Search and Rescue (SAR) Operations

January 19, 2022 IF12020

The Surface Transportation Board (STB): Background and Current Issues

January 19, 2022 R47013

U.S. Sanctions on Russia

November 28, 2018 – January 18, 2022 R45415

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 10–Jan. 16, 2022), Part 1

January 18, 2022 LSB10687

Social Security: Who Is Covered Under the Program?

May 6, 2021 – January 18, 2022 IF11824

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Jan. 10–Jan. 16, 2022), Part 2

January 18, 2022 LSB10688

Cybersecurity: Deterrence Policy

January 18, 2022 R47011

U.S. Foreign Assistance

February 25, 2019 – January 18, 2022 IF10183

U.S.-European Relations in the 117th Congress

February 4, 2019 – January 14, 2022 IF11094

Organized Retail Crime and the Federal Response

January 14, 2022 IN11840

Europe, COVID-19, and U.S. Relations

August 28, 2020 – January 14, 2022 IF11635

FY2022 NDAA: Overseas Contingency Operations

January 14, 2022 IN11839

EB-5 in Flux: Updates Regarding the Regional Center Program and Immigrant Investor Program Modernization Rule

January 13, 2022 IN11838

International Food Assistance and Agricultural Cargo Preference

January 13, 2022 IF12018

Juneteenth National Independence Day: A New Federal Holiday

July 1, 2021 – January 13, 2022 IN11697

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: Moral Reasoning and the National Ethos (Part 6)

January 13, 2022 LSB10684

Introduction to Financial Services: Financial Cybersecurity

January 4, 2021 – January 13, 2022 IF11717

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: Structuralism (Part 7)

January 13, 2022 LSB10685

Introduction to Financial Services: Credit Unions

January 4, 2021 – January 13, 2022 IF11713

Farm Bill Primer: Horticulture Title and Related Provisions

January 13, 2022 IF12017

Introduction to Financial Services: Insurance

January 15, 2015 – January 13, 2022 IF10043

FY2022 NDAA: Mental Health Care

November 18, 2021 – January 13, 2022 IN11801

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: Historical Practices (Part 8)

January 13, 2022 LSB10686

Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

May 29, 2019 – January 13, 2022 IF11232

Semiconductors, CHIPS for America, and Appropriations in the U.S. Innovation and Competition Act (S. 1260)

January 13, 2022 IF12016

Potential Military Roles for Supersonic Transports

March 3, 2021 – January 13, 2022 IF11778

Economic Growth Approaches in U.S. Foreign Assistance

January 12, 2022 R47007

FBI v. Fazaga: Supreme Court Examines Interplay of State Secrets Privilege and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

January 12, 2022 LSB10683

Military Families and Financial Readiness

December 9, 2021 – January 12, 2022 R46983

Law Enforcement and Technology: Using Social Media

January 11, 2022 R47008

The Alien Tort Statute: A Primer

September 13, 2017 – January 11, 2022 R44947

Social Security Retirement Earnings Test Overview

January 11, 2022 IF12014

FY2022 NDAA: President’s Budget Request

November 19, 2021 – January 11, 2022 IN11804

Status of FY2021 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations: In Brief

July 20, 2020 – January 10, 2022 R46457

Treasury Securities Market Disruptions and Policy Issues

January 10, 2022 IF12012

Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2021 Appropriations

July 26, 2021 – January 10, 2022 R46859

U.S. International Development Finance Corporation: Overview and Issues

January 10, 2022 R47006

The John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2021, S. 4 (117th Congress): Legal Overview

January 10, 2022 IF12015

Foreign Assistance: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy

February 10, 2009 – January 10, 2022 R40213

Unexpected FY2022 Air Force Program Announcements

January 7, 2022 IN11837

The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress

November 6, 2019 – January 7, 2022 IF11352

FY2022 NDAA: Budgetary Context

November 10, 2021 – January 7, 2022 IN11797

FY2022 NDAA: Strategic Context

November 3, 2021 – January 6, 2022 IN11788

Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion

July 9, 2009 – January 6, 2022 R40623

Indian Health Service (IHS) FY2022 Budget Request and Funding History: In Brief

January 6, 2022 R47004

COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission (COC)

April 2, 2020 – January 6, 2022 IN11304

Special Authorities for Veterans’ Educational Assistance Programs During the COVID-19 Emergency

November 6, 2020 – January 5, 2022 IF11685

U.S. Circuit Court Nominees Confirmed During the First Year of the Biden Presidency: Overview and Comparative Analysis

January 5, 2022 IN11836

U.S. Restrictions on Huawei Technologies: National Security, Foreign Policy, and Economic Interests

January 5, 2022 R47012

Federal Grants to States and Local Governments Under Continuing Resolutions

January 5, 2022 IF12011

FY2022 NDAA: Extremism in the Military

October 19, 2021 – January 5, 2022 IN11779

U.S. District Court Nominees Confirmed During the First Year of the Biden Presidency: Overview and Comparative Analysis

January 5, 2022 IN11835

Regulating Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

January 8, 2021 – January 5, 2022 R46652

The National Health Service Corps

September 27, 2017 – January 4, 2022 R44970

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA): Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure

September 1, 2021 – January 4, 2022 R46892

FY2022 NDAA: Active Component End-Strength

October 19, 2021 – January 4, 2022 IN11780

Corporate Income Taxation in a Global Economy

January 4, 2021 – January 4, 2022 R47003

1994 Land-Grant Universities: Background and Selected Issues

January 4, 2022 IF12009

FY2022 NDAA: Summary of Discretionary Authorizations

January 4, 2022 IN11834

U.S. Efforts to Combat Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing, and Other Illicit Financial Threats: An Overview

January 8, 2019 – January 4, 2022 IF11064

Small Business Administration and Job Creation

January 30, 2013 – January 4, 2022 R41523

Money Laundering in the U.S. Real Estate Sector

November 9, 2021 – January 4, 2022 IF11967

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Dec. 27, 2021–Jan. 2, 2022)

January 3, 2022 LSB10680

Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy

November 4, 2005 – January 3, 2022 RL33142

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: Judicial Precedent (Part 4)

December 30, 2021 LSB10678

Federal Locality-Based Comparability Payments for General Schedule Employees

December 10, 2021 – December 30, 2021 IF11998

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: Pragmatism (Part 5)

December 30, 2021 LSB10679

FY2022 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity

December 22, 2021 – December 30, 2021 IN11833

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: Original Meaning (Part 3)

December 29, 2021 LSB10677

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: An Introduction (Part 1)

December 29, 2021 LSB10675

The Modes of Constitutional Analysis: Textualism (Part 2)

December 29, 2021 LSB10676

Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations

October 27, 2003 – December 28, 2021 RL30959

The Army’s Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

February 22, 2019 – December 28, 2021 R45519

A Visual Depiction of the Shift from Defined Benefit (DB) to Defined Contribution (DC) Pension Plans in the Private Sector

December 27, 2021 IF12007

The Debt Limit in 2021

July 14, 2021 – December 27, 2021 IN11702

Private-Sector Pensions in 2019: Number of Plans, Participants, and Amount of Assets

December 27, 2021 IF12008

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Dec. 20–Dec. 26, 2021)

December 27, 2021 LSB10674

El Salvador: Authoritarian Actions and U.S. Response

May 6, 2021 – December 23, 2021 IN11658

The Child Tax Credit: Legislative History

March 1, 2018 – December 23, 2021 R45124

International Organ Trafficking: In Brief

December 22, 2021 R46996

Senate Finance Committee Tax Provisions in the Build Back Better Act

December 22, 2021 R46998

Alaska Native Lands and the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA): Overview and Selected Issues for Congress

December 22, 2021 R46997

Immigration: Apprehensions and Expulsions at the Southwest Border

December 22, 2021 R46999

Social Security: Raising or Eliminating the Taxable Earnings Base

May 2, 2005 – December 22, 2021 RL32896

Voter Registration Agencies Under the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA)

October 21, 2021 – December 22, 2021 IN11782

Federal Resources for State and Local Economic Development

February 12, 2021 – December 22, 2021 R46683

Zambia: 2021 Elections and New Government

December 21, 2021 IF12005

Federal Student Aid: Need Analysis Formulas and Expected Family Contribution

May 18, 2016 – December 21, 2021 R44503

Defense Primer: DOD Transfer and Reprogramming Authorities

June 7, 2019 – December 21, 2021 IF11243

Breaking Down the U.S. Inflation Rate

December 21, 2021 IN11832

Business Interruption Insurance and COVID-19

March 31, 2020 – December 21, 2021 IN11295

National Forest System Planning: Legal Considerations

December 20, 2021 IF12004

Congressional Oversight of the State Department: Review of Selected Organizational Reform Efforts

December 20, 2021 R46995

Animal Use in Federal Biomedical Research: A Policy Overview

December 20, 2021 IF12002

The Housing Trust Fund: An Overview

August 28, 2009 – December 20, 2021 R40781

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Dec. 13–Dec. 19, 2021)

December 20, 2021 LSB10670

Proposals for a COVID-19 Congressional Advisory Commission in the 117th Congress: A Comparative Analysis

December 20, 2021 R46994

Migrant Smuggling: Background and Selected Issues

December 20, 2021 IF12003

The Peace Corps: Overview and Issues

March 8, 2002 – December 17, 2021 RS21168

Southeastern Tornado Outbreak: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources

December 13, 2021 – December 17, 2021 IN11822

Trends and Proposals for Corporate Tax Revenue

April 14, 2021 – December 17, 2021 IF11809

Veterans Affairs Asset and Infrastructure Review Act: Timeline and Funding

December 17, 2021 R46992

General State and Local Fiscal Assistance and COVID-19: Eligible Purposes, Allocations, and Use Data

December 16, 2021 R46990

Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations

December 8, 2014 – December 16, 2021 R43813

Issues in International Corporate Taxation: The 2017 Revision (P.L. 115-97)

May 1, 2018 – December 16, 2021 R45186

Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Issues for Congress

June 19, 2020 – December 16, 2021 R46423

The Child Tax Credit and Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs)

December 16, 2021 IN11830

U.S. Forest Ownership and Management

December 16, 2021 IF12001

Effective Marginal Tax Rates on Energy-Related Capital Investments: Effects of the Investment Tax Credit and Accelerated Depreciation

December 15, 2021 IN11828

FY2022 NDAA: Parental Leave Benefits

November 18, 2021 – December 15, 2021 IN11802

Build Back Better Act Methane Emissions Charge: In Brief

December 14, 2021 R46988

U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues

September 8, 2006 – December 14, 2021 RL33640

The Child Tax Credit in the Senate Finance Committee Text of the Build Back Better Act: Summary Table

December 14, 2021 IN11827

Supreme Court Considers Mississippi Abortion Law

December 13, 2021 LSB10669

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in the Senate Finance Committee Text of the Build Back Better Act: Summary Table

December 13, 2021 IN11825

Executive Order 14042 Requirements for COVID-19 Vaccination of Federal Contractors

November 19, 2021 – December 13, 2021 IN11803

Texas Heartbeat Act (S.B. 8) Litigation: Supreme Court Identifies Narrow Path for Challenges to Texas Abortion Law

December 13, 2021 LSB10668

Critical Infrastructure Risk Management: Securing the Oil and Gas Supply Chain

December 13, 2021 R46987

Migrant Crisis on the Belarus-Poland Border

November 29, 2021 – December 13, 2021 IF11983

Semiconductor Shortage Constrains Vehicle Production

December 13, 2021 IF12000

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Dec. 6–Dec. 12, 2021)

December 13, 2021 LSB10667

Dam Safety: Federal Programs and Authorities

February 23, 2017 – December 13, 2021 IF10606

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in the House-Passed Build Back Better Act: Summary Table

December 13, 2021 IN11823

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and U.S. Trade Agreements Timeline

May 3, 2019 – December 13, 2021 IG10001

Use of Force in Cyberspace

December 10, 2021 IF11995

China’s Recent Trade Measures and Countermeasures: Issues for Congress

September 20, 2021 – December 10, 2021 R46915

Bank Custody, Trust Banks, and Cryptocurrency

December 10, 2021 IF11997

Nasdaq’s Board Diversity Directive

December 10, 2021 IF11996

Workforce Development and National Service Provisions in the Build Back Better Act

December 10, 2021 R46984

Belarus: An Overview

January 19, 2018 – December 10, 2021 IF10814

Strategies for Identifying Reporting Requirements and Submitted Reporting to Congress

January 22, 2021 – December 10, 2021 R46661

FDA Regulation of Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs: Overview and Issues for Congress

December 10, 2021 R46985

IIJA: Efforts to Address Electric Transmission for Reliability, Resilience, and Renewables

December 9, 2021 IN11821

June 21, 2018 – December 9, 2021 IF10912

Build Back Better Act: Universal Comprehensive Paid Leave

December 9, 2021 IF11994

Digital Trade and U.S. Trade Policy

July 15, 2016 – December 9, 2021 R44565

Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

April 25, 2016 – December 9, 2021 IN10450

Dual Class Stock: Background and Policy Debate

December 8, 2021 IF11992

Federal Spending on Benefits and Services for People with Low Income: FY2008-FY2020

December 8, 2021 R46986

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA): Funding for USDA Broadband, Watershed, and Bioproduct Programs

December 8, 2021 IF11990

Election in The Gambia

December 8, 2021 IN11820

Title X Family Planning Program: 2021 Final Rule

December 7, 2021 IF11986

Congress Expands Buy America Requirements in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58)

December 7, 2021 IF11989

Offshore Wind Energy: Federal Leasing, Permitting, Deployment, and Revenues

November 18, 2021 – December 7, 2021 R46970

Build Back Better Act: Agriculture and Forestry Provisions

December 7, 2021 IF11988

FY2022 Reconciliation: Title IV, House Financial Services Committee Provisions

September 20, 2021 – December 7, 2021 R46916

Build Back Better Act: Immigration Provisions

November 29, 2021 – December 7, 2021 IN11811

Congress’s Delegation of “Major Questions”: The Supreme Court’s Review of EPA’s Authority to Regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions May Have Broad Impacts

December 7, 2021 LSB10666

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 29–Dec. 5, 2021)

December 6, 2021 LSB10665

The Child Tax Credit in the House-Passed Build Back Better Act: Summary Table

October 29, 2021 – December 6, 2021 IN11786

The U.S. Summit for Democracy

December 6, 2021 IN11817

Veterans’ Educational Assistance Programs and Benefits: A Primer

October 22, 2012 – December 3, 2021 R42785

Corporate Tax Reform: Issues for Congress

October 31, 2007 – December 3, 2021 RL34229

The Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act: Scope, Implementation, and Considerations for Congress

December 3, 2021 R46981

Bank Use of Cloud Technology

December 3, 2021 IF11985

Single-Family Mortgage Pricing and Primary Market Policy Issues

December 2, 2021 R46980

Nationwide Injunctions: Recent Legal Developments

December 2, 2021 LSB10664

International COVID-19 Data and Vaccine Distribution: Selected Resources

August 25, 2021 – December 2, 2021 IN11732

COVID-19: Restrictions on Noncitizen Travel

November 17, 2021 – December 2, 2021 LSB10659

Social Security: Removing the Taxable Maximum and Long-Term Program Solvency

November 4, 2021 – December 2, 2021 IN11789

Child Nutrition in the Build Back Better Act

December 2, 2021 IN11815

Parliamentary Elections in the Kyrgyz Republic

December 1, 2021 IN11812

Miscellaneous Tariff Bills (MTBs)

October 10, 2018 – December 1, 2021 IF10478

Federal COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates and Related Litigation: An Overview

November 22, 2021 – December 1, 2021 LSB10662

The Minority Business Development Agency Established in Statute

December 1, 2021 IN11813

Immigration Arrests in the Interior of the United States: A Primer

November 14, 2019 – November 30, 2021 LSB10362

U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s Powers and Limitations: A Primer

December 9, 2020 – November 30, 2021 LSB10559

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 22–Nov. 28, 2021)

November 29, 2021 LSB10663

Lobbying Registration and Disclosure: The Role of the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate

June 4, 2008 – November 29, 2021 RL34377

Contaminants of Emerging Concern Under the Clean Water Act

November 7, 2019 – November 29, 2021 R45998

Infrastructure and the Economy

July 1, 2021 – November 29, 2021 R46826

Superfund Tax Legislation in the 117th Congress

November 29, 2021 IF11982

The Credit Union System: Developments in Lending and Prudential Risk Management

May 15, 2020 – November 29, 2021 R46360

VH-92 Presidential Helicopter

July 9, 2020 – November 26, 2021 IF11598

The Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376): Title II Aid to Minority-Serving Institutions

November 26, 2021 IF11981

Air Force OA-X Light Attack Aircraft/SOCOM Armed Overwatch Program

August 23, 2018 – November 24, 2021 IF10954

The Impact of a “Fully Refundable” Child Tax Credit

September 15, 2021 – November 24, 2021 IN11752

China’s Political System in Charts: A Snapshot Before the 20th Party Congress

November 24, 2021 R46977

Federal Control of the National Guard Not in Federal Service

November 24, 2021 IN11808

Changes in After-Tax Income from Tax Provisions in the Build Back Better Act (BBBA; H.R. 5376)—Distributional Analysis

November 24, 2021 IN11809

U.S. Forest Ownership and Management: Background and Issues for Congress

November 24, 2021 R46976

Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention

March 26, 2015 – November 23, 2021 R43960

Build Back Better Act: Small Business Administration Sections

November 23, 2021 IF11980

Department of Defense Civilians and the Federal Employee COVID-19 Vaccination Mandate

November 23, 2021 IN11807

Clean Air Act Issues in the 117th Congress

February 17, 2021 – November 23, 2021 R46684

2021 Elections in Honduras

November 8, 2021 – November 23, 2021 IN11795

Children in Foster Care and Social Security Administration Benefits: Frequently Asked Questions

November 23, 2021 R46975

Federal Emergency Declarations

November 23, 2021 IG10029

Worker Participation in Employer-Sponsored Pensions: Data in Brief

March 26, 2014 – November 23, 2021 R43439

Domestic Funding for COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview

October 19, 2021 – November 22, 2021 IF11951

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 15–Nov. 21, 2021)

November 22, 2021 LSB10661

The Post-Pandemic Labor Market and Rising Inflation

July 28, 2021 – November 22, 2021 IN11711

Apportionment and Redistricting Process for the U.S. House of Representatives

October 10, 2019 – November 22, 2021 R45951

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act: Funding for USDA Rural Broadband Programs

September 9, 2021 – November 19, 2021 IF11918

Funding for Agriculture and Forestry in the Build Back Better Act

November 19, 2021 IN11805

The Bannon Indictment and Prosecution

November 19, 2021 LSB10660

National Emergency Powers

June 28, 2001 – November 19, 2021 98-505

Racial Equity in U.S. Farming: Background in Brief

November 19, 2021 R46969

Child Care in the “Build Back Better Act”

September 14, 2021 – November 18, 2021 IN11750

Legislative Branch Revolving Funds

November 23, 2009 – November 18, 2021 R40939

Redistricting Commissions for Congressional Districts

February 25, 2019 – November 17, 2021 IN11053

Budget Enforcement Procedures: The Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule

June 2, 2003 – November 17, 2021 RL31943

Multidistrict and Multicircuit Litigation: Coordinating Related Federal Cases

November 17, 2021 IF11976

Fifth Circuit Stays OSHA Vaccination and Testing Standard

November 15, 2021 – November 17, 2021 LSB10658

U.S. Agency for Global Media: Background, Governance, and Issues for Congress

November 17, 2021 R46968

Russian Military Intelligence: Background and Issues for Congress

November 24, 2020 – November 16, 2021 R46616

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58): Summary of the Broadband Provisions in Division F

November 16, 2021 R46967

Minimum Taxes on Business Income: Background and Policy Options

August 25, 2021 – November 16, 2021 R46887

Social Security: Special Minimum Benefit and Windfall Elimination Provision

November 16, 2021 IF11975

Carbon Capture Versus Direct Air Capture

April 6, 2020 – November 16, 2021 IF11501

Congressional Redistricting Criteria and Considerations

February 25, 2021 – November 15, 2021 IN11618

Congress’s Authority to Regulate Interstate Commerce

November 15, 2021 IF11971

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 8–Nov. 14, 2021)

November 15, 2021 LSB10657

Title 36 Congressional Charters

November 15, 2021 IF11972

“Plus-Minus” Amendments to Regular Appropriations Measures

November 15, 2021 IF11973

A Survey of House and Senate Committee Rules on Subpoenas

October 26, 2015 – November 12, 2021 R44247

The Department of Defense (DOD) Budget: An Orientation

November 12, 2021 R46965

The Weatherization Assistance Program Formula

June 16, 2020 – November 12, 2021 R46418

What’s in the New U.S.-EU Steel and Aluminum Deal?

November 12, 2021 IN11799

The Congressional Review Act (CRA): Frequently Asked Questions

April 17, 2015 – November 12, 2021 R43992

Global Economic Effects of COVID-19

March 13, 2020 – November 10, 2021 R46270

Title X Family Planning Program: 2019 Final Rule

March 20, 2019 – November 10, 2021 IF11142

Stablecoins: Background and Policy Issues

November 10, 2021 IF11968

Supply Chain Bottlenecks at U.S. Ports

November 10, 2021 IN11800

Social Security Coverage of State and Local Government Employees

November 10, 2021 R46961

Federal Support for the Municipal Bond Markets

November 10, 2021 IF11969

Clearing the Air on the Debt Limit

November 2, 2017 – November 10, 2021 R45011

Universal Preschool in the “Build Back Better Act”

September 14, 2021 – November 10, 2021 IN11751

Defense Primer: Department of Defense Unfunded Priorities

November 9, 2021 IF11964

EU Climate Action and U.S.-EU Relations

February 14, 2020 – November 9, 2021 IF11431

Tax Provisions in the Build Back Better Act: Rules Committee Print 117-18

November 9, 2021 R46960

GILTI: Proposed Changes in the Taxation of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income

October 13, 2021 – November 9, 2021 IF11943

Defense Primer: Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps

May 30, 2019 – November 9, 2021 IF11235

Insider Trading

November 9, 2021 IF11966

GI Bill Amendments Enacted in the 116th Congress: Non-COVID-19-Related

November 9, 2021 IF11970

Cocaine: Crack and Powder Sentencing Disparities

November 9, 2021 IF11965

The Debate Over Extending the Section 199A Deduction

November 8, 2021 IN11796

The Military’s COVID-19 Vaccination Mandate

September 28, 2021 – November 8, 2021 IN11764

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Nov. 1–Nov. 7, 2021)

November 8, 2021 LSB10656

Air Force Tanker Strategy Changes

November 20, 2020 – November 5, 2021 IN11537

Rollovers and Conversions to Roth IRAs and Designated Roth Accounts: Proposed Changes in Budget Reconciliation

November 5, 2021 IF11963

SORNA: A Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. § 2250 (Failure to Register as a Sex Offender)

August 30, 2012 – November 5, 2021 R42692

A Comparison of Selected Paid Leave Program Provisions Included in H.R. 5376 and in House Rules Committee Print 117-18

November 5, 2021 IN11794

SORNA: An Abridged Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. § 2250 (Failure to Register as a Sex Offender)

August 30, 2012 – November 5, 2021 R42691

Does the President Have the Power to Legalize Marijuana?

November 2, 2021 – November 4, 2021 LSB10655

Evolving Electric Power Systems and Cybersecurity

November 4, 2021 R46959

Proposed Extension of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) to American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands

November 4, 2021 IN11793

Smithsonian Institution: Background, Issues for Congress, and Selected Legislation

February 8, 2016 – November 4, 2021 R44370

FY2022 NDAA: Preservation of the Force and Family Program

November 4, 2021 IN11791

Landsat 9 and the Future of the Sustainable Land Imaging Program

October 5, 2020 – November 4, 2021 R46560

Agriculture and Forestry Offsets in Carbon Markets: Background and Selected Issues

November 3, 2021 R46956

Federal Firearms Law: Selected Developments in the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches

November 3, 2021 R46958

Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2022 (P.L. 117-43)

November 3, 2021 R46953

Reserve Component Personnel Issues: Questions and Answers

January 10, 2005 – November 2, 2021 RL30802

Clean Energy Standards: Selected Issues for the 117th Congress

February 22, 2021 – November 2, 2021 R46691

Recreational Access Acquisitions: Overview and Recent Funding History

November 2, 2021 R46957

Due Process Rights for Guantanamo Detainees

November 2, 2021 LSB10654

Continued State Flexibility to Assist Older Foster Youth Act

October 27, 2021 – November 2, 2021 IN11785

Taliban Government in Afghanistan: Background and Issues for Congress

November 2, 2021 R46955

Military Criminal Justice System

November 2, 2021 IN11787

Reduction in Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)

November 1, 2021 R46952

Rapidly Growing “Buy Now, Pay Later” (BNPL) Financing: Market Developments and Policy Issues

October 26, 2021 – November 1, 2021 IN11784

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 25–Oct. 31, 2021)

November 1, 2021 LSB10653

COVID-19 Variants: Vaccines, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics

March 11, 2021 – October 29, 2021 IF11789

Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2022 Appropriations

October 29, 2021 R46951

Bank Mergers and Acquisitions

October 28, 2021 IF11956

U.S. Climate Change Policy

October 28, 2021 R46947

Access to Short-Term Disability Plans: In Brief

October 28, 2021 R46948

Sexual Misconduct on Merchant Ships of the United States

October 28, 2021 IF11958

The Farm Bill Energy Title: An Overview and Funding History

October 2, 2019 – October 28, 2021 R45943

Dam Removal and the Federal Role

October 27, 2021 R46946

Adding Countries to the Visa Waiver Program: Effects on National Security and Tourism

April 1, 2020 – October 27, 2021 R46300

The USA PATRIOT Act at 20: Sneak and Peek Searches

October 27, 2021 LSB10652

Freedom of Information Act Requests in FY2020: By the Numbers

October 26, 2021 IF11955

Cybersecurity: Comparison of Selected Cyber Incident Reporting Bills—In Brief

October 22, 2021 – October 25, 2021 R46944

Artemis: NASA’s Program to Return Humans to the Moon

September 8, 2020 – October 25, 2021 IF11643

The Texas Heartbeat Act (S.B. 8), Whole Woman’s Health v. Jackson, and United States v. Texas: Frequently Asked Questions

October 25, 2021 LSB10651

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 18–Oct. 24, 2021)

October 25, 2021 LSB10650

Military Medical Care: Frequently Asked Questions

November 8, 2018 – October 25, 2021 R45399

Medicare: Insolvency Projections

May 4, 2006 – October 25, 2021 RS20946

H.R. 5376 Universal Paid Family and Medical Leave Benefit Formula, and the Distribution of Workers across Selected Earnings Groups

October 22, 2021 IN11783

Tax Changes for Estates and Trusts in the Build Back Better Act (BBBA)

October 22, 2021 IF11954

Voter Registration Records and List Maintenance for Federal Elections

October 21, 2021 R46943

Medicare Financial Status: In Brief

June 24, 2013 – October 21, 2021 R43122

Evergrande Group and China’s Debt Challenges

October 21, 2021 IF11953

The Freedom to Vote Act (S. 2747): Selected Major Provisions

October 19, 2021 – October 21, 2021 IN11781

Resolving Subpoena Disputes in the January 6 Investigation

October 19, 2021 – October 21, 2021 LSB10649

The Proposed IRS Bank Reporting Requirement: Frequently Asked Questions

October 6, 2021 – October 20, 2021 IN11772

Compensation Programs for Potential COVID-19 Vaccine Injuries

March 22, 2021 – October 20, 2021 LSB10584

COVID-19 Impact on Access to Military Service Records

October 20, 2021 IF11950

Nuclear Energy: Overview of Congressional Issues

December 11, 2012 – October 20, 2021 R42853

Recent Changes in the Estate and Gift Tax Provisions

February 15, 2013 – October 19, 2021 R42959

Addressing Unruly Airline Passengers

October 19, 2021 IF11949

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 11–Oct. 17, 2021)

October 18, 2021 LSB10648

Iraq’s October 2021 Election

October 1, 2021 – October 18, 2021 IN11769

World Trade Organization: Overview and Future Direction

November 29, 2018 – October 18, 2021 R45417

Military Justice Disposition Delimitation Legislation in the 117th Congress

October 18, 2021 R46940

Financial Literacy and Financial Education Policy Issues

October 18, 2021 R46941

The Internet Tax Freedom Act and Federal Preemption

October 18, 2021 IF11947

Lebanon: New Mikati Government Faces Challenges

October 18, 2021 IN11778

Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Nonresident Parents

October 18, 2021 R46942

Federal Excise Taxes: Background and General Analysis

October 15, 2021 R46938

Social Security Financial Status: How the 2021 Annual Report Addressed the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

October 15, 2021 IF11946

Tallying Federal Funding for COVID-19: In Brief

July 13, 2020 – October 15, 2021 R46449

Tribal Lands: An Overview

October 14, 2021 IF11944

Underemployment, Recessions, and Poverty

October 14, 2021 R46939

USPS Changes Postal Service Standards

October 14, 2021 IN11776

USMCA: Motor Vehicle Provisions and Issues

December 13, 2019 – October 14, 2021 IF11387

Russian Arms Sales and Defense Industry

October 14, 2021 R46937

Mexican Drug Trafficking and Cartel Operations amid COVID-19

November 19, 2020 – October 14, 2021 IN11535

International Trade Agreements and Job Estimates

March 23, 2015 – October 13, 2021 IF10161

2021 Hurricane Outlook and Review of 2020 Hurricane Season

October 13, 2021 IN11775

COVID-19-Related Impact on the Banking Industry: Conditions in the Second Quarter 2021

October 13, 2021 IN11774

Tunisia: Examining the State of Democracy and Next Steps for U.S. Policy

October 12, 2021 TE10068

National Park Service: FY2021 Appropriations

October 7, 2020 – October 12, 2021 IF11661

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Oct. 4–Oct. 10, 2021)

October 12, 2021 LSB10647

Visa Waiver Program

February 10, 2004 – October 12, 2021 RL32221

What’s Next for WOTUS: Recent Litigation and Next Steps in Redefining “Waters of the United States”

October 7, 2021 LSB10646

The Clean Electricity Performance Program (CEPP): In Brief

October 7, 2021 R46934

Human Trafficking: Key Federal Criminal Statutes

October 7, 2021 IF11942

COVID-19-Related Loan Assistance for Agricultural Enterprises

April 23, 2020 – October 7, 2021 IN11357

Congressional Reform: A Perspective

October 6, 2021 R46933

Bulgaria: An Overview

January 13, 2021 – October 6, 2021 IF11725

The Pregnancy Assistance Fund

December 6, 2018 – October 6, 2021 IF11040

SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Forgiveness: In Brief

June 5, 2020 – October 6, 2021 R46397

Proposed Tobacco Excise Tax Changes in H.R. 5376, the Reconciliation Bill

October 6, 2021 IF11941

Ukraine: Background, Conflict with Russia, and U.S. Policy

November 1, 2017 – October 5, 2021 R45008

Social Security Dual Entitlement

February 12, 2019 – October 5, 2021 IF10738

Labor Market Tightness and the Economic Recovery, Part 2

October 5, 2021 IN11771

Social Security: Selected Findings of the 2021 Annual Report

October 5, 2021 IF11939

Labor Market Tightness and the Economic Recovery, Part 1

October 5, 2021 IN11770

Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2021 Appropriations: Overview

November 30, 2020 – October 5, 2021 R46621

Ransomware and Federal Law: Cybercrime and Cybersecurity

October 5, 2021 R46932

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 27–Oct. 3, 2021)

October 4, 2021 LSB10645

Russian Military Exercises

October 4, 2021 IF11938

U.S. Global Family Planning and Reproductive Health Programs: Funding Trends and Issues for Congress

October 26, 2018 – October 4, 2021 IF11013

The FAST Act Expires; the Department of Transportation Initiates Shutdown Procedures

October 1, 2021 IN11768

Trends in TANF Receipt: Select Information for the Debate to Extend the Expanded Child Credit

October 1, 2021 IN11767

Informal Administrative Adjudication: An Overview

October 1, 2021 R46930

Federal Courthouse Construction: Process, Recent Projects, and Funding Options

October 1, 2021 R46929

Commercial Human Spaceflight

October 1, 2021 IF11940

Regulation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Background and Select Policy Issues in the 117th Congress

September 10, 2021 – September 30, 2021 R46928

Morocco: Background and U.S. Relations

October 26, 2018 – September 30, 2021 R45387

Changes in After-Tax Income from the Tax Provisions in the “Build Back Better Act”— Distributional Analysis

September 29, 2021 IN11765

U.S. Farm Income Outlook: September 2021 Forecast

September 29, 2021 IF11936

Issues Raised by a Federal Government Shutdown: Grants to State and Local Governments and the COVID-19 Pandemic

December 14, 2020 – September 29, 2021 IN11554

Germany’s September 26 Elections

September 20, 2021 – September 29, 2021 IN11755

Apportionment and Redistricting Following the 2020 Census

April 24, 2020 – September 29, 2021 IN11360

The Child Tax Credit Under the House Ways and Means Committee “Build Back Better” Reconciliation Language: Specified Child and Presumptive Eligibility

September 29, 2021 IN11766

Who Pays the Corporate Tax?

September 29, 2017 – September 29, 2021 IF10742

Federal Cybersecurity: Background and Issues for Congress

September 29, 2021 R46926

Federal Disaster Assistance for Agriculture

March 19, 2019 – September 29, 2021 IF10565

FDA Approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine: Frequently Asked Questions

September 17, 2021 – September 29, 2021 R46913

Supervised Release (Parole): An Overview of Federal Law

May 9, 2006 – September 28, 2021 RL31653

Appointment Methods for Legislative Branch Inspectors General

September 28, 2021 IN11763

Tax Provisions in the “Build Back Better Act:” The House Ways and Means Committee’s Legislative Recommendations

September 28, 2021 R46923

Supervised Release (Parole): An Abbreviated Outline of Federal Law

May 9, 2006 – September 28, 2021 RS21364

FDA Human Medical Product User Fee Programs

January 30, 2017 – September 27, 2021 R44750

Need-Tested Benefits: Children and Poverty

September 27, 2021 R46922

Marine Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): Background, Statutory Authorities, and Issues for Congress

September 27, 2021 R46921

Child Care Access and Equity: Proposed Grants in Title XIII, Subtitle C of the “Build Back Better Act”

September 27, 2021 IN11773

Federal Airport Noise Regulations and Programs

September 27, 2021 R46920

B-52 Re-Engining Program Begins

May 29, 2020 – September 27, 2021 IN11413

Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (Sept. 20–26, 2021)

September 27, 2021 LSB10644

Twenty Years of Military Operations in Afghanistan: Key Questions

September 27, 2021 IF11935

United States Bankruptcy Courts: Analysis of Caseload Statistics for the 12-Month Period Ending June 30, 2021

September 27, 2021 IN11761

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2021 Budget and Appropriations

May 19, 2020 – September 24, 2021 R46367

China and Taiwan Both Seek to Join the CPTPP

September 24, 2021 IN11760

Central Asia: Background and U.S. Relations

September 24, 2021 R46924

The Post-9/11 GI Bill: A Primer

September 21, 2012 – September 23, 2021 R42755

Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H): Potential Questions for Consideration

September 8, 2021 – September 23, 2021 R46901

The Child Tax Credit Under the House Ways and Means Committee “Build Back Better” Reconciliation Language: Calculating the Monthly Credit Amount

September 23, 2021 IN11759

Air Force B-21 Raider Long-Range Strike Bomber

April 14, 2016 – September 22, 2021 R44463

Cameroon: Key Issues and U.S. Policy

September 22, 2021 R46919

The Buy American Act: Proposed Rules

September 22, 2021 IN11756

The Legal Framework of the National Environmental Policy Act

May 14, 2020 – September 22, 2021 IF11549

The Child Tax Credit Under the House Ways and Means Committee “Build Back Better” Reconciliation Language: Summary Table of Changes

September 22, 2021 IN11757

Social Security: The Average Wage Index

September 22, 2021 IF11931

U.S.-EU Privacy Shield and Transatlantic Data Flows

September 22, 2021 R46917

Key Issues in WTO Agriculture Negotiations

September 22, 2021 R46918

Colombia: Challenges for U.S. Policymakers in 2021

March 9, 2021 – September 22, 2021 IN11631

National Environmental Policy Act: Judicial Review and Remedies

September 22, 2021 IF11932

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) Would Provide a 50% Increase in Highway Funding and Boost Major Freight Projects

September 22, 2021 IN11758

Addressing Environmental Justice Through NEPA

April 20, 2021 – September 21, 2021 LSB10590

An Overview of Rural Credit Markets

September 21, 2021 R46914

Social Security: Revisiting Benefits for Spouses and Survivors

November 5, 2010 – September 21, 2021 R41479

COVID-19: Selected Financial and Social Service Resources for Older Americans

May 28, 2020 – September 20, 2021 IN11410

Executive Privilege and the January 6 Investigations: The Presidential Records Act and Relevant Judicial Considerations

September 20, 2021 LSB10643

The Homeowner Assistance Fund in the American Rescue Plan Act: In Brief

July 1, 2021 – September 20, 2021 R46830

Stepping In: The FCC’s Authority to Preempt State Laws Under the Communications Act

March 26, 2021 – September 20, 2021 R46736

Regulation of Dietary Supplements: Background and Issues for Congress

May 6, 2013 – September 20, 2021 R43062

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) COVID-19 Policies and Protocols at the Southwest Border

September 8, 2021 – September 20, 2021 IN11741

U.S. Intelligence Community (IC): Appointment Dates and Appointment Legal Provisions for Selected IC Leadership

March 19, 2019 – September 20, 2021 IF10538

Executive Privilege and Former Presidents: Constitutional Principles and Current Application

September 20, 2021 LSB10642

National Infrastructure Bank: Proposals in the 117th Congress

July 30, 2020 – September 20, 2021 IF11608

Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal

June 9, 2006 – September 17, 2021 RL33461

U.S. Military Withdrawal and Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan: Frequently Asked Questions

August 20, 2021 – September 17, 2021 R46879

USDA Rural Broadband, Electric, and Water Programs: FY2022 Appropriations

September 16, 2021 R46912

FY2022 Electronic Warfare Funding Trends

July 8, 2021 – September 16, 2021 IN11705

New Developments in the United States’ Strategic and Defense Ties with Australia

September 16, 2021 IN11762

COVID-19 Testing: Frequently Asked Questions

August 11, 2020 – September 16, 2021 R46481

Federal Debt Levels on Presidential Inauguration Days

September 15, 2021 IN11754

Affordable Care Act Litigation Still on the Docket After California v. Texas

September 14, 2021 LSB10641

Federally Funded Construction and the Payment of Locally Prevailing Wages

September 14, 2021 IF11927

Automated Vehicles: Safety Implications of Computers on Wheels

September 14, 2021 IN11749

The Supreme Court’s October 2020 Term: A Review of Selected Major Rulings

September 14, 2021 R46910

Provisions Related to Universal Paid Family and Medical Leave Developed by the House Committee on Ways and Means in Response to Reconciliation Directives

September 13, 2021 IF11922

Potential WTO TRIPS Waiver and COVID-19

June 16, 2021 – September 13, 2021 IF11858

Wildlife Poaching and Trafficking in Africa: An Overview

September 13, 2021 IF11923

Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs

June 12, 2012 – September 13, 2021 R42566

Equitable Services for Private School Students and Staff and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act

September 13, 2021 R46907

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2022 Appropriations

September 13, 2021 IF11925

Overview of Child Support Enforcement Access to Taxpayer Data and the Tribal Child Support Enforcement Act (S. 534)

September 13, 2021 IN11748

OSHA Jurisdiction Over Public Schools and Other State and Local Government Entities: COVID-19 Issues

August 13, 2020 – September 13, 2021 IF11619

Congressional Redistricting 2021: Legal Framework

September 10, 2021 LSB10639

Political Transition in Tokyo

June 15, 2021 – September 10, 2021 IN11691

Legal Mechanisms for Dealing with Changed Circumstances in Federal Contracting

September 10, 2021 LSB10640

Pipeline Cybersecurity: Federal Programs

September 9, 2021 R46903

COVID-19-Related Impact on the Banking Industry: Conditions in the First Quarter 2021

September 9, 2021 IN11746

Open Banking, Data Sharing, and the CFPB’s 1033 Rulemaking

September 9, 2021 IN11745

Legislative Reforms to Commercial Aircraft Certification

September 9, 2021 R46904

Ethiopia’s Transition and the Tigray Conflict

September 8, 2021 – September 9, 2021 R46905

Federal Crop Insurance for Hemp Crops

September 9, 2021 IF11919

Nationwide Injunctions: Law, History, and Proposals for Reform

September 8, 2021 R46902

Prospect of a New Western Regional Transmission Organization

September 8, 2021 IN11743

S. 503, the Parents Act of 2021

September 8, 2021 IN11744

High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) Program

September 7, 2021 IF11917

Gun Control, Veterans Benefits, and Mental Incompetency Determinations

April 5, 2017 – September 7, 2021 R44818

U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2022 Request

May 5, 2020 – September 7, 2021 R46344

Hurricane Ida Recovery: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources

September 7, 2021 IN11742

House Full Committee Hearings: 107th-116th Congresses

May 28, 2020 – September 3, 2021 R46376

Tax Policy and Disaster Recovery

August 9, 2019 – September 3, 2021 R45864

Regular Appropriations Acts: Selected Statutory Interpretation Issues

September 3, 2021 R46899

U.S. Capital Markets and China: Issues for Congress

April 5, 2021 – September 2, 2021 IF11803

House of Representatives Staff Levels in Member, Committee, Leadership, and Other Offices, 1977-2021

March 19, 2015 – September 2, 2021 R43947

Presumptive Service Connection: Former Servicemembers of Camp Stronghold Freedom at Karshi-Khanabad (K2) Airbase

April 21, 2021 – September 2, 2021 IF11813

Canadian Railroads Competing to Acquire Major U.S. Freight Line

May 17, 2021 – September 2, 2021 IN11671

U.S. Postal Service Increases Postage Rates

September 2, 2021 IN11738

S.Con.Res. 14: The Budget Resolution for FY2022

September 1, 2021 R46893

The Home Office Tax Deduction

September 1, 2021 IN11736

Inflation in the Wake of COVID-19

September 1, 2021 R46890

U.S. Sanctions on Russia: An Overview

January 2, 2019 – September 1, 2021 IF10779

Potential FEMA Emergency Sheltering Options During the COVID-19 Pandemic

June 24, 2020 – September 1, 2021 IN11440

Unaccompanied Alien Children: An Overview

June 13, 2014 – September 1, 2021 R43599

Federal Economic Development Resources for Tribal Nations: A Survey

September 1, 2021 R46891

The CDC’s Federal Eviction Moratorium

May 17, 2021 – August 31, 2021 IN11673

Proposed Extension of Interest Rate Stabilization Percentages for Single Employer Plans

August 31, 2021 IN11735

Credit Rating Agencies: Regulation and Recent Developments

August 31, 2021 IF11916

Low Earth Orbit Satellites: Potential to Address the Broadband Digital Divide

August 31, 2021 R46896

The COVID-19-Related Fiscal Response: Recent Actions and Future Options

August 31, 2021 IN11734

Supreme Court Blocks Enforcement of the CDC’s Eviction Moratorium

August 30, 2021 LSB10638

Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS): OECD Tax Proposals

July 24, 2017 – August 27, 2021 R44900

Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs): Background and Issues for Congress

September 6, 2016 – August 27, 2021 R44629

The “Shadow Docket”: The Supreme Court’s Non-Merits Orders

August 26, 2021 – August 27, 2021 LSB10637

Climate Change and U.S. Financial Regulators: Overview and Recent Actions

May 11, 2021 – August 26, 2021 IN11666

Russia: The Navalny Poisoning, Chemical Weapons Use, and U.S. Sanctions

July 12, 2021 – August 26, 2021 IF11872

Afghanistan Evacuation: The Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) and the Defense Production Act (DPA)

August 25, 2021 IN11731

Amending Eligibility Rules for Free and Reduced-Price School Meals: Background and Policy Options

August 25, 2021 R46888

Noncitizen Eligibility for Medicaid and CHIP

August 25, 2021 IF11912

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW): Budget and U.S. Contributions

August 25, 2021 IF11913

Cryptocurrency Transfers and Data Collection

August 25, 2021 IF11910

Use of Militia, National Guard, or Federal Armed Forces within the District of Columbia Prior to 2020

August 25, 2021 R46886

Afghan Aerial Evacuation in Context

August 24, 2021 IN11730

Office of National Drug Control Policy and Its Role in Federal Drug Control

August 24, 2021 R46889

Trade Remedies: Countervailing Duties

August 23, 2021 R46882

The Collapse of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces: Implications for U.S. Security Assistance and Cooperation

August 23, 2021 IN11728

Confederate Names and Military Installations

August 22, 2017 – August 23, 2021 IN10756

Community Resilience: Climate Adaptation and the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)

August 20, 2021 IN11727

Voting Rights Act and H.R. 4 (117th Congress): An Overview

August 20, 2021 IF11908

Remote Learning for K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic

August 20, 2021 R46883

Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic

September 30, 2020 – August 20, 2021 R46554

Agriculture in the WTO’s 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12)

August 19, 2021 IF11906

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: Overview and Issues for Congress

February 2, 2018 – August 19, 2021 R45088

Liability Issues Related to COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing and Global Distribution

August 19, 2021 IF11905

Permissible and Prohibited Uses of Campaign Funds: Frequently Asked Questions and Policy Overview

August 18, 2021 R46878

The Selective Service System and Draft Registration: Issues for Congress

April 11, 2016 – August 18, 2021 R44452

The Afghanistan Withdrawal: Military and Defense Implications

August 17, 2021 IN11726

Naturalization: The Process of Becoming a U.S. Citizen

August 17, 2021 IG10028

Federal Information Technology (IT) Budgeting Process in the Executive Branch: An Overview

August 17, 2021 R46877

Taliban Establish Control Over Afghanistan Amid Government Collapse and U.S. Withdrawal

August 16, 2021 IN11725

The Regulatory Flexibility Act: An Overview

August 16, 2021 IF11900

VA Now Processing Gulf War Veterans’ Disability Claims for New Respiratory Presumptive Conditions

August 16, 2021 IN11724

European Union Enlargement

December 22, 2004 – August 16, 2021 RS21344

Addressing Nontariff Barriers to Agricultural Trade at the WTO

August 16, 2021 IF11903

Health Insurance Continuation Coverage Under COBRA

January 16, 2009 – August 13, 2021 R40142

The Bureau of Indian Affairs: FY2022 Appropriations

August 13, 2021 IF11899

Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding: Background and Current Status

March 3, 2015 – August 13, 2021 IF10143

Federal Employees and COVID-19 Vaccination Attestations: Immediate Takeaways

August 6, 2021 – August 13, 2021 LSB10633

Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP): Replanting, Delayed Planting, and Prevented Planting

August 12, 2021 R46874

U.S. Steel Manufacturing: National Security and Tariffs

August 12, 2021 IF11897

Data on Contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)

August 12, 2021 IN11722

The Digital Equity Act of 2021

August 12, 2021 IF11901

PennEast Pipeline Company v. New Jersey: Can a Natural Gas Pipeline Company Bring a Condemnation Suit Against a State?

August 12, 2021 LSB10634

The 287(g) Program: State and Local Immigration Enforcement

August 12, 2021 IF11898

Data on Retirement Contributions to Defined Contribution (DC) Plans

August 12, 2021 IN11721

Budget Submission After a Presidential Transition: Contextualizing the Biden Administration’s FY2022 Request

May 4, 2021 – August 11, 2021 IN11655

Tax Treatment of Gig Economy Workers

August 11, 2021 IF11896

Evolving Assessments of Human and Natural Contributions to Climate Change

February 1, 2018 – August 11, 2021 R45086

Space as a Warfighting Domain: Issues for Congress

August 10, 2021 IF11895

Security of Supply Arrangements (SOSAs): Background and Issues

August 10, 2021 IF11894

Overview of Department of Defense Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

October 8, 2020 – August 10, 2021 R46564

COVID-19: Government Resources for Real-Time Economic Indicators

October 21, 2020 – August 10, 2021 IN11521

Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Older Households with Debt: 2019

August 9, 2021 R46870

VA Begins Adjudicating Claims for New Agent Orange Presumptions Included in NDAA FY2021

August 6, 2021 IN11718

Merchant Discount, Interchange, and Other Transaction Fees in the Retail Electronic Payment System

August 6, 2021 IF11893

Asylum Eligibility for Applicants Fleeing Gang and Domestic Violence: Recent Developments

July 1, 2021 – August 6, 2021 LSB10617

Defense Health Primer: Military Vaccinations

April 26, 2021 – August 6, 2021 IF11816

At What Rate Do Noncitizens Appear for Their Removal Hearings? Measuring In Absentia Removal Order Rates

August 5, 2021 IF11892

Proposals for a National Secure Data Service, in Context

August 5, 2021 IN11717

Law Enforcement Reform Provisions in H.R. 4505

August 5, 2021 IN11720

The United Kingdom, France and the Indo-Pacific

December 20, 2018 – August 5, 2021 IF11052

Global COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution

March 26, 2021 – August 5, 2021 IF11796

Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 Consultation and Infrastructure Projects

August 4, 2021 R46867

Energy Tax Provisions: Overview and Budgetary Cost

August 3, 2021 R46865

SEC’s September 2020 Rule Toughens Resubmission of Shareholder Proposals

August 3, 2021 IF11888

RICO: A Brief Sketch

November 3, 2004 – August 3, 2021 96-950

RICO: An Abridged Sketch

November 3, 2004 – August 3, 2021 RS20376

U.S. Public Health Service: COVID-19 Supplemental Appropriations in the 116th Congress

March 11, 2021 – August 3, 2021 R46711

Federal Requirements for State and Military Registered Sex Offender Management

August 2, 2021 R46863

National Apprenticeship Act of 2021 (H.R. 447)

August 2, 2021 R46871

Why Hasn’t the Federal Reserve Tightened Monetary Policy in Response to Higher Inflation?

August 2, 2021 IN11715

Congress Considers the IG Independence and Empowerment Act (H.R. 2662)

August 2, 2021 IN11714

2021 Wildfire Season: Brief Overview of FEMA Programs and Resources

August 2, 2021 IN11716

Litigation of the CDC’s Eviction Moratorium

August 2, 2021 LSB10632

How Are Reporting Requirements Submitted to Congress?

July 30, 2021 R46862

Iran: Internal Politics and U.S. Policy and Options

July 20, 2004 – July 29, 2021 RL32048

COVID-19 and the U.S. Timber Industry

December 10, 2020 – July 29, 2021 R46636

The American Rescue Plan Act: Equal Protection Challenges

July 29, 2021 LSB10631

Health Equity and Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Brief Overview of the Federal Role

July 28, 2021 R46861

How Stable Are Stablecoins?

July 28, 2021 IN11713

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and Financial Services Disintermediation: Policy Challenges

July 28, 2021 IN11709

Carbon Capture and Sequestration Tax Credit (“Section 45Q”) Legislation in the 117th Congress

July 28, 2021 IN11710

The Economic Development Administration’s American Rescue Plan (ARP) Act Grant Programs

July 28, 2021 IN11712

Submission of the President’s Budget in Transition Years

July 31, 2001 – July 28, 2021 RS20752

Salton Sea Restoration

December 1, 2020 – July 28, 2021 R46625

Alternative Fuels and Vehicles: Legislative Proposals

July 28, 2021 R46864

Surprise Billing in Private Health Insurance: Overview of Federal Consumer Protections and Payment for Out-of-Network Services

July 26, 2021 R46856

Tribal Energy Resource Agreements (TERAs): Approval Process and Selected Issues for Congress

July 9, 2020 – July 26, 2021 R46446

De-Dollarization Efforts in China and Russia

July 23, 2021 IF11885

Crypto-Asset Exchanges: Current Practices and Policy Issues

July 23, 2021 IN11708

FY2020 and FY2021 Agriculture Appropriations: Federal Food Safety Activities

July 22, 2021 R46851

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021: Arts and Cultural Provisions

July 22, 2021 IN11707

The World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) Appellate Body: Key Disputes and Controversies

July 22, 2021 R46852

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2022 Budget Request Fact Sheet

July 22, 2021 R46849

Neighborhood Homes Investment Act: Overview and Policy Considerations

July 22, 2021 IF11884

Privacy Law and Private Rights of Action: Standing After TransUnion v. Ramirez

July 22, 2021 LSB10629

Hot Pursuit Doctrine and Fleeing Misdemeanor Suspects: Case-by-Case Analysis Required

July 22, 2021 LSB10630

Federal Circuit Examines the Scope of Presidential Tariff Authority

July 21, 2021 LSB10628

Unpaused: District Court Enjoins Biden Administration from “Pausing” Oil and Gas Leasing on Federal Land

July 21, 2021 LSB10627

Department of Defense Nutrition Standards

July 21, 2021 IN11706

Tribal Land and Ownership Statuses: Overview and Selected Issues for Congress

December 23, 2020 – July 21, 2021 R46647

The SEC’s September 2020 Reform on Investor Eligibility to Advance Shareholder Proposals

July 21, 2021 IF11883

Craft Alcoholic Beverage Industry: Overview and Regulation

September 7, 2018 – July 21, 2021 IF10973

Supreme Court Holds Alaska Native Corporations Are “Indian Tribes” Entitled to CARES Act Funds

July 20, 2021 LSB10626

The Office of Personnel Management (OPM): An Overview

July 2, 2021 – July 20, 2021 R46833

House Committee Bill Would Provide 22% Transportation Spending Boost

July 20, 2021 IN11704

Veterans’ Employment

April 24, 2018 – July 20, 2021 IF10490

Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): A Summary of the Statute

April 4, 2018 – July 20, 2021 R45149

India-U.S. Relations

June 16, 2021 – July 19, 2021 R46845

Commander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act of 2019 (P.L. 116-171) and Veterans COMPACT Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-214)

July 19, 2021 R46848

Diversity and Inclusion Training for Military Personnel

July 19, 2021 IN11703

International Financial Messaging Systems

July 19, 2021 R46843

Haiti: Concerns After the Presidential Assassination

July 8, 2021 – July 19, 2021 IN11699

Worker Rights Provisions and U.S. Trade Policy

July 16, 2021 R46842

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues

October 25, 2010 – July 16, 2021 R41464

Second Circuit Dismisses New York State Challenge to OCC’s Fintech Charter Authority

July 16, 2021 LSB10623

Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs

July 15, 2021 IF11877

National Level Exercises: History, Authorities, and Congressional Considerations

July 15, 2021 IF11879

The Missing and Exploited Children’s (MEC) Program: Background and Policies

June 19, 2007 – July 15, 2021 RL34050

Department of Health and Human Services: FY2022 Budget Request

July 15, 2021 R46840

Changes in the House of Representatives’ Initial Consideration of Regular Appropriations Measures, 113th-116th Congresses

July 15, 2021 R46841

Looking Ahead: Regulating Methane from the Oil and Natural Gas Sector

July 14, 2021 LSB10622

Voting Rights Act: Supreme Court Provides “Guideposts” for Determining Violations of Section 2 in Brnovich v. DNC

July 14, 2021 LSB10624

The Child Tax Credit: The Impact of the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) Expansion on Income and Poverty

July 13, 2021 R46839

Supreme Court Invalidates California Donor Disclosure Rule on First Amendment Grounds

July 13, 2021 LSB10621

The CARES Act: Selected Data on Coronavirus-Related Distribution and Loan Usage in 2020

July 13, 2021 R46837

Child Welfare in the President’s FY2022 Budget Request: In Brief

July 13, 2021 R46838

Army Future Vertical Lift (FVL) Program

November 20, 2019 – July 13, 2021 IF11367

Defense Authorization and Appropriations Bills: FY1961-FY2021

November 21, 2000 – July 12, 2021 98-756

Johnson v. Chavez: Aliens with Reinstated Removal Orders May Be Detained Without Bond Hearings

July 12, 2021 LSB10620

Election Administration: An Introduction to Risk-Limiting Audits

July 12, 2021 IF11873

Supreme Court’s Decision in CIC Services, LLC v. Internal Revenue Service Impacts Pre-Enforcement Challenges to IRS Reporting Mandates

July 12, 2021 LSB10619

Raising the Minimum Fixed Broadband Speed Benchmark: Background and Selected Issues

July 12, 2021 IF11875

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers: Sunset Provisions and “Reversion 2021”

July 9, 2021 IN11700

FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products

August 13, 2019 – July 9, 2021 R45867

Intelligence Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Evaluation (IPPBE) Process

May 30, 2018 – July 9, 2021 IF10428

Defense Primer: Gold Star Designation

May 3, 2019 – July 8, 2021 IF11200

Pakistan-U.S. Relations

July 15, 2019 – July 8, 2021 IF11270

Crisis in the Central African Republic

April 5, 2019 – July 8, 2021 IF11171

Biodiversity

July 8, 2021 IF11871

Reinstatement of Removal: An Introduction

January 22, 2021 – July 8, 2021 IF11736

State Department Personnel: Background and Selected Issues for the 117th Congress

May 18, 2018 – July 7, 2021 R45203

Mens Rea: An Overview of State-of-Mind Requirements for Federal Criminal Offenses

June 30, 2021 – July 7, 2021 R46836

A Low Carbon Fuel Standard: In Brief

July 7, 2021 R46835

The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income: Recent Evidence and Implications for the Social Security Retirement Age

May 12, 2017 – July 6, 2021 R44846

February 26, 2019 – July 6, 2021 IF11116

Addressing Catalytic Converter Theft

July 6, 2021 IF11870

Department of Justice Efforts to Counter Ransomware

July 2, 2021 IN11698

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2): Public Health, Medical Supply Chain, Health Services, and Related Provisions

July 2, 2021 R46834

Potential Application of Bostock v. Clayton County to Other Civil Rights Statutes

July 2, 2021 R46832

Strengthening National Preparedness

July 2, 2021 IG10027

Trial Court Rules State Social Media Law Likely Unconstitutional

July 2, 2021 LSB10618

District of Columbia Voting Representation Proposals in the 117th Congress

February 8, 2021 – July 2, 2021 IN11599

Domestic Terrorism: Overview of Federal Criminal Law and Constitutional Issues

July 2, 2021 R46829

Behavioral Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Overview and Issues for Congress

July 2, 2021 R46831

Primer on U.S. Immigration Policy

November 14, 2017 – July 1, 2021 R45020

Student Athlete Name, Image, Likeness Legislation: Considerations for the 117th Congress

July 1, 2021 R46828

Foreign Assistance and the Education Sector: Programs and Priorities

November 2, 2016 – July 1, 2021 R44676

Federal Holidays: Evolution and Current Practices

May 9, 2014 – July 1, 2021 R41990

The United States Merchant Marine Academy

July 1, 2021 IF11868

Van Buren v. United States: Supreme Court Holds Accessing Information on a Computer for Unauthorized Purposes Not Federal Crime

July 1, 2021 LSB10616

Funding Conditions: Constitutional Limits on Congress’s Spending Power

July 1, 2021 R46827

The European Deterrence Initiative: A Budgetary Overview

August 8, 2018 – July 1, 2021 IF10946

Amtrak, North Atlantic Rail Alliance Seek Support for Passenger Rail Proposals

June 7, 2021 – July 1, 2021 IN11688

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA): A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements

December 6, 2002 – July 1, 2021 RL31243

Need-Tested Benefits: Impact of Assistance on Poverty Experienced by Low-Income Families and Individuals

June 30, 2021 R46825

Department of Veterans Affairs FY2021 Appropriations

July 21, 2020 – June 30, 2021 R46459

Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2021 Appropriations

July 1, 2020 – June 30, 2021 R46437

Surfside Building Collapse: The Role of the National Construction Safety Team Act and the National Institute of Standards and Technology

June 30, 2021 IF11867

Need-Tested Benefits: Who Receives Assistance?

June 30, 2021 R46823

Defense Primer: Military Commissaries and Exchanges

January 31, 2019 – June 30, 2021 IF11089

Need-Tested Benefits: Technical Companion to Selected CRS Reports on Need-Tested Benefits Receipt by Families and Individuals

June 30, 2021 R46824

Military Survivor Benefit Plan: Background and Issues for Congress

October 1, 2018 – June 29, 2021 R45325

Facial Recognition Technology for Certain Traveler and Noncitizen Identity Verification

June 29, 2021 IN11695

Implementation of the Community Reinvestment Act by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

June 29, 2021 IF11865

Supreme Court Preserves Patent Trial and Appeal Board, but with Greater Executive Oversight

June 29, 2021 LSB10615

Carbon Storage Requirements in the 45Q Tax Credit

September 1, 2020 – June 28, 2021 IF11639

Supreme Court Holds Small Refineries Remain Eligible for Renewable Fuel Standard Exemptions After Lapse

March 10, 2020 – June 28, 2021 LSB10418

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2021 Appropriations

September 10, 2020 – June 28, 2021 R46519

Supreme Court: Structure of Federal Housing Finance Agency Violates Constitution

June 28, 2021 LSB10614

The Global Research and Development Landscape and Implications for the Department of Defense

November 8, 2018 – June 28, 2021 R45403

U.S. Funding for International Conservation and Biodiversity

August 26, 2020 – June 25, 2021 R46493

Overview of the Universal Service Fund and Selected Federal Broadband Programs

April 30, 2021 – June 25, 2021 R46780

DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2022

June 25, 2021 R46822

States Opting Out of COVID-19 Unemployment Insurance (UI) Agreements

May 24, 2021 – June 24, 2021 IN11679

Digital Assets and SEC Regulation

January 30, 2020 – June 23, 2021 R46208

U.S. Department of the Interior: An Overview

January 31, 2019 – June 23, 2021 R45480

Support for Supply-Chain Resilience of Locally Sourced Foods

June 23, 2021 IF11863

The Debt Collection Market and Selected Policy Issues

August 5, 2020 – June 22, 2021 R46477

Addressing Lead in Drinking Water: The Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR)

May 17, 2021 – June 22, 2021 R46794

Fulton v. Philadelphia: Religious Exemptions from Generally Applicable Laws

June 22, 2021 LSB10612

Crack Cocaine Offenses and the First Step Act of 2018: Overview and Implications of Terry v. United States

June 22, 2021 LSB10611

Production, Marketing, and Regulation of Hemp Products

June 22, 2021 IF11860

Supreme Court Dismisses Challenge to the Affordable Care Act in California v. Texas

June 21, 2021 LSB10610

Iraqi and Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Programs

September 12, 2014 – June 21, 2021 R43725

Mongolia’s Presidential Election

June 21, 2021 IN11692

Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2021

July 24, 2020 – June 17, 2021 R46465

Corporate Expatriation, Inversions, and Mergers: Tax Issues

May 27, 2014 – June 17, 2021 R43568

How FEMA Individual Assistance Works

June 17, 2021 IG10024

Supreme Court Clarifies CERCLA Provisions for Recouping Cleanup Costs

June 16, 2021 LSB10609

Flexible Federal Funding: Examining the Community Development Block Grant Program and Its Impact on Addressing Local Challenges

June 16, 2021 TE10065

Social Security: The Effects of Wage and Price Indexing on Benefits

June 16, 2021 R46819

FY2022 Budget Request for the Military Health System

June 15, 2021 IF11856

1890 Land-Grant Universities: Background and Selected Issues

June 9, 2021 – June 15, 2021 IF11847

House Wounded Warrior Fellowship Program and House Gold Star Family Fellowship Program: Background Information

May 16, 2017 – June 15, 2021 IF10652

Social Security: Minimum Benefits

June 23, 2014 – June 15, 2021 R43615

Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) Role in Criminal Justice Data Collection and Dissemination

June 15, 2021 IF11857

Health Care-Related Expiring Provisions of the 117th Congress, First Session

June 14, 2021 R46818

Origins of the COVID-19 Pandemic

May 3, 2021 – June 11, 2021 IF11822

Social Security Long-Range Projections: Why 75 Years?

June 11, 2021 IF11851

Precision-Guided Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress

November 6, 2019 – June 11, 2021 R45996

INVEST in America Act (H.R. 3684) Would Set Highway Spending 34% above Baseline and Bring Back Earmarks

June 7, 2021 – June 11, 2021 IN11690

Supreme Court: Unlawful Entrants with Temporary Protected Status Cannot Adjust to Lawful Permanent Resident Status

June 11, 2021 LSB10607

Title X Family Planning Program: 2021 Proposed Rule

June 11, 2021 IF11853

Supreme Court Rules on Authority of Tribal Police to Stop Non-Indians

June 11, 2021 LSB10608

Shipping, Ports, and the Federal Maritime Commission

June 11, 2021 IF11852

Committee Jurisdiction and Referral in the Senate

June 10, 2021 R46815

Defense Health Primer: U.S. Coast Guard Health Services

December 15, 2020 – June 10, 2021 IF11702

Formal Removal Proceedings: An Introduction

May 6, 2020 – June 9, 2021 IF11536

Food Insecurity Among College Students: Background and Policy Options

June 9, 2021 R46817

Overview of the ACA Medicaid Expansion

December 3, 2018 – June 9, 2021 IF10399

Civil Enforcement of Congressional Authorities

June 8, 2021 TE10064

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and On-the-Street Police Encounters

June 8, 2021 LSB10606

Crime Victims’ Rights Act: A Sketch of 18 U.S.C. § 3771

September 29, 2006 – June 8, 2021 RS22518

EB-5 Immigrant Investor Regional Center Program

June 8, 2021 IF11848

Crime Victims’ Rights Act: A Summary and Legal Analysis of 18 U.S.C. § 3771

September 29, 2006 – June 8, 2021 RL33679

Department of Veterans Affairs: Burial Benefits and the National Cemetery Administration

June 7, 2021 R46813

National Guard and Reserve Eligibility for the Post-9/11 GI Bill

June 7, 2021 IF11849

FY2021 Defense Appropriations Act: Context and Selected Issues for Congress

June 7, 2021 R46812

Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Issues for Congress

June 7, 2021 IF11844

The U.S. Export Control System and the Export Control Reform Act of 2018

June 7, 2021 R46814

Bureau of Land Management: FY2021 Appropriations

July 1, 2020 – June 7, 2021 IF11590

EU Agricultural Domestic Support: Overview and Comparison with the United States

June 7, 2021 R46811

The Open Skies Treaty: Background and Issues

June 10, 2016 – June 7, 2021 IN10502

China’s Military: The People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

June 4, 2021 R46808

Drought Response and Preparedness: Policy and Legislation

August 14, 2017 – June 4, 2021 IF10702

The FY2022 State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Budget Request

May 5, 2021 – June 4, 2021 IN11657

FY2021 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Personnel and Health Care Issues

June 4, 2021 R46810

May 7, 2021 – June 4, 2021 IN11662

Supreme Court Ruling May Affect the Fate of Climate Change Liability Suits

June 4, 2021 LSB10605

Tax Treatment of Capital Gains at Death

April 21, 2021 – June 4, 2021 IF11812

Federal Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations for the COVID-19 Pandemic

June 4, 2021 R46809

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios: Background, Issues, and Policy Relevance

June 3, 2021 R46807

NATO: Key Issues for the 117th Congress

November 27, 2019 – June 3, 2021 R46066

WaterSense® Program: Congressional Authorization

March 8, 2019 – June 3, 2021 IF11128

Child Welfare Programs: A Timeline

June 3, 2021 IF11843

North Dakota Merchants Sue Fed, Claiming Debit Card Swipe Fees Exceed Those Allowed by the Durbin Amendment to the Electronic Funds Transfer Act

June 2, 2021 LSB10604

Postal Reform Legislation in the 117th Congress: Operational Transparency and Performance Provisions

June 2, 2021 IN11687

Consumption of Prescription Opioids for Pain: A Comparison of Opioid Use in the United States and Other Countries

June 2, 2021 R46805

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Media Ownership Rules

October 9, 2018 – June 1, 2021 R45338

Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards: Frequently Asked Questions

May 24, 2018 – June 1, 2021 R45204

Defining Low-Income, Low-Access Food Areas (Food Deserts)

June 1, 2021 IF11841

Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans Potentially Eligible for Special Financial Assistance Under the American Rescue Plan Act

May 28, 2021 R46803

Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity

April 5, 2018 – May 28, 2021 R45151

House Rules Changes Affecting Committee Procedure in the 117th Congress (2021-2022)

May 28, 2021 R46804

Federal Agricultural Recovery Resources for Drought-Related Losses

May 27, 2021 IN11684

DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: FY2021 Appropriations

May 27, 2021 IF11840

Venezuela: International Efforts to Resolve the Political Crisis

May 17, 2019 – May 26, 2021 IF11216

Infertility in the Military

April 15, 2020 – May 26, 2021 IF11504

H.R. 3233, the National Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Complex Act

May 17, 2021 – May 26, 2021 IN11670

Medicaid’s Money Follows the Person Rebalancing Demonstration Program

May 26, 2021 IF11839

The Paperwork Reduction Act and Federal Collections of Information: A Brief Overview

May 26, 2021 IF11837

Pandemic-Related Provisions Expiring in the 117th Congress

March 8, 2021 – May 25, 2021 R46704

Drug Enforcement Administration Set to Increase Registered Marijuana Manufacturers for Research Purposes

May 25, 2021 IN11682

Sexual Assault, the Military Justice System and Commanders‘ Authority: Recent Developments

May 25, 2021 IN11680

Immigration Court Proceedings: Process and Data

May 25, 2021 IG10022

Temporary Business-Related Tax Provisions Expiring 2021-2027 and Business “Tax Extenders”

May 24, 2021 R46800

Critical Infrastructure Policy: Information Sharing and Disclosure Requirements After the Colonial Pipeline Attack

May 24, 2021 IN11683

Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2021

May 24, 2021 R46802

Intelligence Community Presidentially Appointed Senate Confirmed Officials (PAS) During the Administrations of Presidents George W. Bush, Barack H. Obama, and Donald J. Trump: In Brief

May 24, 2021 R46798

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA): Legal Issues

May 24, 2021 R46799

Supreme Court Declines Request to Revisit Precedent Barring Military Cadet’s Sexual Assault Claim Against United States

May 24, 2021 LSB10602

Congress and the Middle East, 2011-2020: Selected Case Studies

May 21, 2021 R46796

Conference Committee and Related Procedures: An Introduction

November 6, 2007 – May 21, 2021 96-708

Instructing House Conferees

October 20, 2004 – May 21, 2021 98-381

Section 307 and U.S. Imports of Products of Forced Labor: Overview and Issues for Congress

December 7, 2020 – May 21, 2021 R46631

An Update on Military Funding for the Border Wall

May 21, 2021 IN11675

Broadband Data and Mapping: Background and Issues for the 117th Congress

October 16, 2019 – May 21, 2021 R45962

The Law of Foreign Missions and Media in U.S.-China Relations

May 20, 2021 LSB10601

House Passes the Comprehensive Debt Collection Improvement Act (H.R. 2547)

May 20, 2021 IN11678

Military Benefits for Former Spouses: Legislation and Policy Issues

December 9, 2004 – May 20, 2021 RL31663

Cybersecurity and Risk Management at VA: Addressing Ongoing Challenges and Moving Forward

May 20, 2021 TE10063

Artificial Intelligence: Background, Selected Issues, and Policy Considerations

May 19, 2021 R46795

International Monetary Fund: Special Drawing Rights Allocation

May 19, 2021 IF11835

Section 232 Investigations: Overview and Issues for Congress

July 5, 2018 – May 18, 2021 R45249

Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H): Considerations for Congress

May 18, 2021 IN11674

Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) Trains: Technical Background, Cost Estimates, and Recent Developments

May 18, 2021 IF11834

OLC: Congressional Notice Period Prior to Withdrawing from Treaty Unconstitutional

May 18, 2021 LSB10600

Commemorative Works in the District of Columbia: Categorization of Proposed and Enacted Memorials, 1973-2020

May 17, 2021 IF11833

The Legal Framework for Waiving World Trade Organization (WTO) Obligations

May 17, 2021 LSB10599

H.R. 1 and S. 1: Overview and Related CRS Products

February 5, 2019 – May 17, 2021 IF11097

Defense Primer: DOD “Title 10” Security Cooperation

November 2, 2020 – May 17, 2021 IF11677

Justices Consider Whether Treasury May Distribute CARES Act Funds for “Indian Tribes” to Alaska Native Corporations

May 14, 2021 LSB10598

U.S. Agricultural Trade with Cuba: Current Limitations and Future Prospects

May 14, 2021 R46791

State Sales and Use Tax Nexus After South Dakota v. Wayfair

May 14, 2021 IF11832

USMCA: Legal Enforcement of the Labor and Environment Provisions

May 14, 2021 R46793

House Rules Changes Affecting Floor Proceedings in the 117th Congress (2021-2022)

May 13, 2021 R46790

Tax Treatment of Net Operating Losses (NOLs) in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act

March 31, 2020 – May 13, 2021 IN11296

Housing Funding in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

March 31, 2021 – May 13, 2021 IN11641

Central America’s Northern Triangle: Challenges for U.S. Policymakers in 2021

February 16, 2021 – May 13, 2021 IN11603

Coup in Burma: Implications for Congress

May 12, 2021 R46792

Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

May 18, 2005 – May 12, 2021 RS21513

The Child Tax Credit: Temporary Expansion for 2021 Under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2)

February 24, 2021 – May 12, 2021 IN11613

VA, HHS to Vaccinate NARA National Personnel Records Center Staff

May 12, 2021 IN11668

Blockchain Technology and Agriculture

May 12, 2021 IF11829

New Zealand: Background and Relations with the United States

June 29, 2016 – May 12, 2021 R44552

Platte River Restoration Efforts

May 12, 2021 IF11828

COVID-19 and the U.S. Economy

November 16, 2020 – May 11, 2021 R46606

Weather and Climate Change: What’s the Difference?

March 6, 2020 – May 11, 2021 IF11446

FY2021 Refugee Ceiling Increase

May 11, 2021 IN11669

Climate Change: Defining Adaptation and Resilience, with Implications for Policy

May 11, 2021 IF11827

The American Rescue Plan Act, Section 9901—The Coronavirus Local Fiscal Recovery Fund

May 11, 2021 IN11664

The American Rescue Plan Act, Section 9901—The Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund

May 11, 2021 IN11665

Colonial Pipeline: The DarkSide Strikes

May 11, 2021 IN11667

Google v. Oracle: Supreme Court Rules for Google in Landmark Software Copyright Case

May 10, 2021 LSB10597

The Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit (CDCTC): Temporary Expansion for 2021 Under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2)

April 7, 2021 – May 10, 2021 IN11645

The Biden Administration’s Initial Presidential Directives in Context

February 3, 2021 – May 10, 2021 IN11588

Veterans’ Benefits: The Veteran Readiness and Employment Program

August 21, 2008 – May 10, 2021 RL34627

COVID-19: Household Debt During the Pandemic

October 22, 2020 – May 6, 2021 R46578

TurkStream: Russia’s Southern Pipeline to Europe

April 11, 2019 – May 6, 2021 IF11177

Frequently Asked Questions About Prescription Drug Pricing and Policy

May 2, 2017 – May 6, 2021 R44832

Applications for Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness (LRIF): Fact Sheet

August 19, 2020 – May 6, 2021 R46487

U.S. Retirement Assets in 2020

May 6, 2021 IN11659

Trusted Traveler Programs

May 5, 2021 R46783

The Small Business Lending Fund

November 14, 2011 – May 5, 2021 R42045

Science and Technology Issues in the 117th Congress

May 5, 2021 R46787

The Child Tax Credit: How Would the Biden Administration’s Proposed American Families Plan Change the Child Tax Credit?

May 5, 2021 IN11656

5G Fund for Rural America

May 5, 2021 IN11661

Reauthorization of the Federal Public Transportation Program

January 23, 2020 – May 5, 2021 R46191

Nuclear Negotiations with North Korea

December 4, 2017 – May 4, 2021 R45033

State Sponsors of Acts of International Terrorism—Legislative Parameters: In Brief

December 24, 2014 – May 4, 2021 R43835

Biden Administration Proposes New Civilian Climate Corps

May 3, 2021 IN11654

The “Childless” EITC: Temporary Expansion for 2021 Under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2)

February 19, 2021 – May 3, 2021 IN11610

A Comparison of Tax-Advantaged Accounts for Health Care Expenses

May 3, 2021 R46782

Taxpayers in the Top Income Tax Bracket: Statistics and Observations

May 3, 2021 IN11653

Over the Line: Asset Thresholds in Bank Regulation

May 3, 2021 R46779

U.S. Naturalization Policy

January 16, 2014 – May 3, 2021 R43366

AMG Capital Management v. FTC: Supreme Court Holds FTC Cannot Obtain Monetary Relief in Section 13(b) Suits

April 30, 2021 LSB10596

The Venezuela Regional Humanitarian Crisis and COVID-19

February 15, 2019 – April 30, 2021 IF11029

September 6, 2012 – April 30, 2021 R42706

Private Health Information and Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)

December 10, 2018 – April 30, 2021 IF11042

Minority Business Development Agency: An Overview of Its History and Current Issues

November 9, 2017 – April 30, 2021 R45015

Net-Zero Emissions Pledges: Background and Recent Developments

April 30, 2021 IF11821

Carr v. Saul: Issue Exhaustion Not Required for Social Security Claimants’ Appointments Clause Challenges

April 29, 2021 LSB10595

The Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (GDUFA): Background and Reauthorization

April 29, 2021 R46778

What Is an Autodialer (Part II)? The Supreme Court (Mostly) Resolves a Robocall Enforcement Question

April 28, 2021 LSB10594

Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements

April 29, 2008 – April 28, 2021 RS22867

The Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 (DRRA): Implementation Update Tables for Select Provisions

February 11, 2021 – April 27, 2021 R46774

The Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018 (DRRA): Implementation Updates for Select Provisions

April 27, 2021 R46776

Russian Military Mobilization on Ukraine’s Borders and in Occupied Crimea

April 27, 2021 IN11651

International Immigrant Investment Programs: Illicit Finance Risks

April 27, 2021 IF11818

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-2): Private Health Insurance, Medicaid, CHIP, and Medicare Provisions

April 27, 2021 R46777

U.S. Refugee Admissions in FY2021

April 27, 2021 IN11652

The Three Seas Initiative

May 12, 2020 – April 26, 2021 IF11547

The 90/10 Rule Under HEA Title IV: Background and Issues

April 26, 2021 R46773

Qui Tam: The False Claims Act and Related Federal Statutes

August 6, 2009 – April 26, 2021 R40785

Jones v. Mississippi, the Eighth Amendment, and Juvenile Life Without Parole

April 26, 2021 LSB10593

Temporary Individual Tax Provisions (“Tax Extenders”)

April 26, 2021 R46772

Gun Trafficking and White House-Directed DOJ-ATF Report

April 26, 2021 IN11660

Chad: Implications of President Déby’s Death and Transition

April 26, 2021 IF11817

Qui Tam: An Abridged Look at the False Claims Act and Related Federal Statutes

August 6, 2009 – April 26, 2021 R40786

Ghost Guns, Stabilizing Braces, and Red Flag Laws: Overview of Recent Executive Actions on Firearms

April 23, 2021 LSB10592

Congressional Staff: Duties, Qualifications, and Skills Identified by Members of Congress for Selected Positions

March 10, 2020 – April 23, 2021 R46262

The Energy Credit or Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC)

November 2, 2018 – April 23, 2021 IF10479

Issues in Autonomous Vehicle Testing and Deployment

October 25, 2019 – April 23, 2021 R45985

Overview of COVID-19 LHHS Supplemental Appropriations: FY2020 and FY2021

April 23, 2021 R46775

Export Restrictions in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

May 15, 2020 – April 23, 2021 IF11551

Climate Change: Selected Federal Economic Development Tools and Policy Considerations

April 22, 2021 IF11815

Disaster Resilience Investments: Community Development Block Grant Authorities for Mitigation (CDBG-MIT)

April 22, 2021 IF11814

U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims: A Brief Introduction

November 18, 2019 – April 22, 2021 IF11365

Sanctions Programs Targeting Human Traffickers: In Brief

April 22, 2021 R46771

Smart Cars and Trucks: Spectrum Use for Vehicle Safety

June 28, 2019 – April 21, 2021 IF11260

Kyrgyz Voters Approve Strong Presidential System in Constitutional Referendum

April 21, 2021 IN11650

Health Care for Dependents and Survivors of Veterans

June 3, 2008 – April 21, 2021 RS22483

The Senate Powersharing Agreement of the 117th Congress (S.Res. 27)

April 21, 2021 R46769

Advancing Refundable Tax Credits: Policy Considerations

April 21, 2021 IF11811

Youth Provisions in the Supporting Foster Youth and Families through the Pandemic Act (Division X of P.L. 116-260)

April 21, 2021 R46770

Worker Classification: Employee Status Under the National Labor Relations Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and the ABC Test

April 20, 2021 R46765

China’s New Semiconductor Policies: Issues for Congress

April 20, 2021 R46767

John H. Chafee Foster Care Program for Successful Transition to Adulthood

January 15, 2019 – April 19, 2021 IF11070

Agency Use of Guidance Documents

April 19, 2021 LSB10591

FY2021 District of Columbia Budget and Appropriations

April 16, 2021 – April 19, 2021 R46763

Handguns, Stabilizing Braces, and Related Components

February 12, 2021 – April 19, 2021 IF11763

Congress’s Authority to Limit the Removal of Inspectors General

April 16, 2021 R46762

Oil and Gas Tax Preferences

May 1, 2020 – April 16, 2021 IF11528

The United Kingdom: Background, Brexit, and Relations with the United States

September 23, 2005 – April 16, 2021 RL33105

Russia: Foreign Policy and U.S. Relations

April 14, 2021 – April 15, 2021 R46761

U.S. Agricultural Export Programs: Background and Issues

April 14, 2021 R46760

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA): By the Numbers

April 14, 2021 R46764

U.S. Resumption of Foreign Aid to the Palestinians

April 14, 2021 IN11649

Poverty in the United States in 2019

April 13, 2021 – April 14, 2021 R46759

Scope of CDC Authority Under Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA)

April 13, 2021 R46758

Reporting Carbon Dioxide Injection and Storage: Federal Authorities and Programs

April 13, 2021 R46757

Legal Issues Related to Transportation Mask-Wearing Mandates

April 12, 2021 LSB10589

GAO and Inspector General Recommendations to Agencies: An Introduction

April 12, 2021 IF11807

COVID-19: Financial Relief and Assistance Resources for Renters

September 10, 2020 – April 12, 2021 IN11498

Negotiated Rulemaking: In Brief

April 12, 2021 R46756

The Law of Asylum Procedure at the Border: Statutes and Agency Implementation

April 9, 2021 R46755

The National Science Foundation: An Overview

April 9, 2021 R46753

COVID-19 and Private Health Insurance Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions

May 15, 2020 – April 9, 2021 R46359

Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payments and COVID-19: Frequently Asked Questions

March 1, 2021 – April 8, 2021 R46698

Kosovo: Background and U.S. Policy

January 9, 2020 – April 8, 2021 R46175

Privately Made Firearms: A Growing Source of Unmarked, Untraceable “Ghost Guns”?

April 8, 2021 IF11810

House Committees Release Guidance for Transportation Earmarks

April 8, 2021 IN11647

“Technical Corrections” and Other Revisions to the 2017 Tax Revision (P.L. 115-97)

April 8, 2021 R46754

Expiring State COVID-19 Emergency Declarations: Effects on Federal Aid

February 25, 2021 – April 7, 2021 IN11616

The Fair Housing Act: HUD Oversight, Programs, and Activities

July 6, 2016 – April 7, 2021 R44557

Section 230: An Overview

April 7, 2021 R46751

A Look at Book-Tax Differences for Large Corporations Using Aggregate Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Data

April 7, 2021 IN11646

Funding U.S.-Mexico Border Barrier Construction: Current Issues

January 3, 2019 – April 7, 2021 IN11193

Is High Inflation a Risk in 2021?

April 6, 2021 IN11644

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA): An Overview

March 10, 2020 – April 6, 2021 IF11451

Facebook’s Acquisition of GIPHY: Potential Competition Issues

May 28, 2020 – April 6, 2021 IN11411

An Expiration Date for Temporary Control of Fentanyl Analogues

February 7, 2020 – April 6, 2021 LSB10404

SPAC IPO: Background and Policy Issues

September 29, 2020 – April 5, 2021 IF11655

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) COBRA Premium Assistance

April 5, 2021 IN11643

The Economic Development Administration’s Assistance to Coal and Nuclear Closure Communities Initiatives for Economic Transitions

April 5, 2021 IN11648

Small Businesses and COVID-19: Relief and Assistance Resources

April 1, 2020 – April 5, 2021 IN11301

IAEA Budget and U.S. Contributions: In Brief

February 17, 2016 – April 5, 2021 R44384

Judiciary Appropriations, FY2021

April 5, 2021 R46747

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: Recent Administrative Developments

April 5, 2021 R46746

Revoking Hong Kong’s Preferential Trade Status: Legal Framework and Implications

June 5, 2020 – April 2, 2021 LSB10488

Water Service Issues and COVID-19: Recent Congressional Funding

April 2, 2021 IN11642

The Electoral College: Options for Change and 117th Congress Proposals

April 2, 2021 IF11802

Broker-Dealers and Payment for Order Flow

April 2, 2021 IF11800

Spending Clause Conditions and the Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund

April 2, 2021 LSB10588

Tax Credit Bonds: Overview and Analysis

April 16, 2009 – April 1, 2021 R40523

Child Migrants at the Border: The Flores Settlement Agreement and Other Legal Developments

April 1, 2021 IF11799

High Court to Review Tribal Police Search and Seizure Case

December 14, 2020 – April 1, 2021 LSB10561

Payroll Tax Credit for COVID-19 Sick and Family Leave

January 25, 2021 – April 1, 2021 IF11739

Climate Change Adaptation: Department of Commerce

April 1, 2021 R46743

FEMA’s Public Assistance Program: A Primer and Considerations for Congress

April 1, 2021 R46749

Torres v. Madrid: Police Use of Force, Fourth Amendment Seizures, and Fleeing Suspects

November 12, 2020 – April 1, 2021 LSB10552

Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 117th Congress

March 31, 2021 R46750

The U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex: Overview of Department of Energy Sites

September 6, 2018 – March 31, 2021 R45306

The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Reauthorization: Issues for Congress

March 31, 2021 R46742

Origins and Impact of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Provisions That Expired on March 15, 2020

January 6, 2009 – March 31, 2021 R40138

Tabulating COVID-19-Related Fraud and Financial Loss

March 31, 2021 IN11640

Drug Pricing and Intellectual Property: The Legislative Landscape for the 117th Congress

March 31, 2021 R46741

Federal Eviction Moratoriums in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

October 6, 2020 – March 30, 2021 IN11516

Searches and Seizures at the Border and the Fourth Amendment

November 12, 2020 – March 30, 2021 R46601

Mergers and Acquisitions in Digital Markets

March 30, 2021 R46739

COVID-19 Response: Broadband Funding for Tribes, Tribal Colleges and Universities, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Indian Health Service

March 26, 2021 – March 30, 2021 IF11795

December 15, 2020 – March 29, 2021 IN11556

The Interim National Security Strategic Guidance

March 29, 2021 IF11798

Agricultural Biotechnology: Overview, Regulation, and Selected Policy Issues

March 29, 2021 R46737

Executive Orders: An Introduction

March 29, 2021 R46738

“Staying Nuclear”?: Legal Challenges to State Subsidies for Aging Nuclear Power Plants and Related FERC Actions

March 26, 2021 LSB10585

Public-Private Partnerships (P3s) in Transportation

November 2, 2017 – March 26, 2021 R45010

Supreme Court Decision Sheds Light on State Authority to Regulate Health Care Costs

March 26, 2021 LSB10587

Recommendation for New U.S. Circuit and District Court Judgeships by the Judicial Conference of the United States (117th Congress)

March 26, 2021 IN11639

Scholl v. Mnuchin and Economic Impact Payments

March 26, 2021 LSB10586

COVID-19 and Direct Payments: Comparison of First and Second Round of “Stimulus Checks” to the Third Round in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2)

February 17, 2021 – March 25, 2021 IN11605

Housing for Former Foster Youth: Federal Support

March 25, 2021 R46734

Energy and Water Development: FY2021 Appropriations

June 3, 2020 – March 25, 2021 R46384

EU Digital Policy and International Trade

March 25, 2021 R46732

Mexico: Challenges for U.S. Policymakers in 2021

March 15, 2021 – March 25, 2021 IN11635

Community Development Block Grants: Funding and Allocation Processes

March 24, 2021 R46733

Brexit: Overview, Trade, and Northern Ireland

March 24, 2021 R46730

Army Corps of Engineers: FY2021 Appropriations

March 16, 2020 – March 24, 2021 IF11462

Proposals to Modify Supreme Court Justices’ Tenure: Legal Considerations

March 24, 2021 R46731

Water Infrastructure for the 21st Century: The Viability of Incorporating Natural Infrastructure in Bureau of Reclamation Water Management Systems

March 24, 2021 TE10061

Federal Deficits, Growing Debt, and the Economy in the Wake of COVID-19

March 23, 2021 R46729

Recent White House Actions on Immigration

February 10, 2021 – March 23, 2021 LSB10574

United Nations Issues: Cabinet Rank of the U.S. Permanent Representative

August 12, 2020 – March 23, 2021 IF11618

Federal Data on Hate Crimes in the United States

April 16, 2020 – March 22, 2021 R46318

March 22, 2021 IF11794

The Liquidity Coverage Ratio and the Net Stable Funding Ratio

May 11, 2016 – March 22, 2021 IF10208

Stafford Act Assistance for Public Health Incidents

March 2, 2020 – March 22, 2021 IN11229

Selected Grant Resources for Workforce Development and Jobs Training in Response to COVID-19

June 15, 2020 – March 19, 2021 IN11423